非谓语动词解题思路

时态（8种基本时态）

谓语动词——时间状语、语境——

语态（主动+被动）

动词

即将发生——不定式(to do)

非谓语动词——和中心词的逻辑关系正在发生、主动——现在分词(doing)

已经完成、被动——过去分词(done)

充当名词——动名词(doing)

主语转成不定

式置于句末。

It is good for your health to do exercises regularly.

It is impossible to solve all the problems at once.

某些特殊的形式主语结构，依然和动名词连用。

It is no use/good crying over the spilt milk.

易与不定式混淆。

如：pay attention to, look forward to, be/get used to, be related/linked to, be the key to,

be on one’s way to, make contributions to, devote……to, thanks to, in addition to, object

to, prefer……to(仅限至本单元止已学过的动词，后学的请补充)

②尤其关注后接不定式和动名词时，区别很大的动词。

I forgot to return the money to you. 我忘记要还钱给你了。（钱未还）

I forgot returning the money to you. 我忘记已经还过你钱了。（钱已还）

The headmaster have meant to put off the sports meeting. 校长打算推迟运动会。

The heavy rain means putting off the sports meeting. 大雨意味着运动会推迟了。

Tom tried to walk again after his leg was badly hurt.（Tom努力地行走） If you feel too full, you can try walking after a meal. （你可以尝试着走走）

The computer needs repairing. = The computer needs to be repaired.

③有些动词接动名词做宾语，但接不定式做宾补。

I consider buying a computer. I consider computers to be a useful tool of communication.

We don’t allow smoking here, so you are not allowed to smoke here.

Our theatre forbids taking dogs in. We forbid people to take dogs in.

He advised asking our teacher for help. He advised us to ask our teacher for help.

(hear,listen to)，三让

(make, let, have)，六看(see, watch, look at, observe, notice, find)，半帮助(help)。

但改为被动语态时，要将省略的to 补出。

I often hear her sing next door. She is often heard to sing next door.

②很多形容词和名词做宾补的结构可以看作to be 不定式的省略。 Hard work has made him (to be) a great man.

We consider Tom (to be) the cleverest in our class.

③一般不用being done, having been done 做宾补。

如：I often hear the song being sung by them. (×)

注：①区分动名词还是现在分词做表语的一个简单方法——“主表颠倒法”。

②动名词和不定式都可以做表语，解释说明主语的具体内容，但动名词更强调动作的

经常性和习惯性，不定式则侧重于一次具体的行为。

My job is looking after the twins. 我的工作是照顾这对双胞胎。(此人是保姆)

Today my job is to look after the twins. 今天我的任务是照看这对双胞胎。（临时帮忙）

③不定式、现在分词、过去分词做表语的动词用法，适用“解题思路”。

④表达正在进行的被动时，用现在分词的被动形式“being done”做表语。

Many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.

动作正在进行。

a swimming boy= a boy who is swimming

a swimming pool= a pool which is used for swimming

②非谓语动词做定语可以转化为定语从句，从句中谓语动词与关系词的逻辑关系

和非谓语动词与中心词的逻辑关系完全一致。

a scientist to visit our school = a scientist who will visit our school (即将访问)

a visiting scientist at our school = a scientist who is visiting our school (正在访问)the visited school by the scientist = the school which is visited by the scientist (被访问)

③当中心词被only, last, next, 序数词和形容词最高级修饰时，只用不定式做定语。

Who is the first person to discover that the earth circles the sun? (此处不用discovering)

④当不定式做定语时，主被动形式皆可；但如果出现了不定式的逻辑主语时，用

主动形式，不用被动形式。

There is much work to do/ to be done.

There is much work for me to do. I have much work to do. (此两句不用to be done)

⑤及物动词的过去分词体现被动关系，不及物动词的过去分词体现动作已完成。

the broken bike= the bike which is broken

the beaten boy= the boy who was beaten

the retired worker= the worker who has retired

the fallen leaves= the leaves which have fallen

⑥选择分词做定语关键看逻辑关系——主动还是被动？正在发生还是完成？

a developing country (发展中国家) a falling leave (空中的落叶)

a developed country (发达国家) a fallen leave (地上的落叶)

boiling water (沸水) the escaping prisoner (正在越狱的囚犯) boiled water (凉开水) the escaped prisoner (已经逃跑的囚犯)

⑦当逻辑关系是正在进行的被动时，用“being done”的形式做后置定语。

The waste being put back into the river has been increasing.

The airport being expanded will be stocked with the most advanced equipment.

I wonder who the computer being repaired belongs to.

⑧有些分词形式的形容词不体现动作，只体现感受。这种情况下，过去分词往往表达中心

语的感受，译成“感到……的”；现在分词往往表达中心语所引起的别人的感受，译成

“令人……的”。

We are pleased to hear about the pleasing news.

He felt very tired after so many hours’ tiring work.An excited look came to his face when he saw the exciting result.

We are surprised to know the surprising boy who could write many poems at the age of six.

注：①在真正的实战练习中，我们无须过多地考虑功能，只要分析所要填的非谓语动词和

句子主语的逻辑关系即可。

②要特别关注不定式做结果状语的用法，此时不定式前往往有only, never，表示出人

意料或令人失望惋惜的结果。

She woke up, only to find herself locked in a dark house.

They left the hometown many years ago, never to return.

③现在分词做伴随状语时，为了强调非谓语动词发生在谓语动词前而不是同时发生，

我们采用having done的形式做伴随状语；但过去分词做伴随状语时，因为过去分

词本身可以体现动作的完成，所以可以不采用having been done的形式。Having finished all the homework, Tom went out to play football happily.

上句不可用finishing，因为finish the homework和went out不可能同时发生。

(Having been) beaten by his father, the boy rushed out of the house.

④少数非谓语动词短语，作为固定的结构使用，不考虑与主语的逻辑关系。

To tell you the truth, you have made a big mistake.

To speak frankly, I see it slightly differently.

Generally speaking, every one of you has tried your best.

Judging from his appearance, he can’t be a thief.

Taken as a whole, there is nothing interesting in the book.

He was lost in the forest. To make it worse, his food ran out.