1、EC (equity capital) 权益资本
2、VC (venture capital) 创业投资
3、CO (cash out) 增值套现
4、DF (development finance) 发展资本
5、MF (mezzanine finance) 夹层资本
6、IPO 首次公开发行股票
7、Infras-tructure 基本建设
8、MBO/LBO 管理成收购或杠杆收购 management buy-out/buy-in
9、restructuring 重组
10、PEIP 合伙制投资基金
11、风险投资基金（venture capital fund,VCF）
12、增长型基金（growth-oriented fund）
13、收购基金（buyout fund）
14、回购（buy back）
15、优先购买股权（right of refusal）
16、共同购买权（right of co-sale）
17、反摊薄条款（anti-dilution，或是反稀释条款）
18、强制原有股东卖出股份的权利（drag-along right）
19、股票被回购的权利（redemption(put, call)option）
20、创始人股东、管理层和主要员工对投资商的承诺（founders, management and key employee commitment）
21、陈述和保证（representation and warranties）
| 常用金融词汇的翻译 |
| [ 作者: 来源:中国英语学习网 点击次数:675 发布时间:2007-7-23 12:00:02 ] |
| acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹 mergers and acquisitions 并购 mobile-phone banking 移动电话银行业 moods 人气 net potato 网虫 non-store seling 直销 offering 新股 online-banking 网上银行业 online-finance 在线金融 online client （银行的）网上客户 paper profit 帐面收益 physical assets 有形资产 project fund system 项目资本金制度 pyramid sale 传销 recapitalize 资产重组 regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团 regulate sell off 变现 share(stock) option 期权，股票认购权 smart card 智能卡 slash prices 杀价 spare capacity 闲置的生产能力 strong growth 强劲的增长势头 switch trade 转手贸易 take…public 上市 tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产 transaction （银行的） 交易 transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付 venture-capital 风险资本 virtual bank 虚拟银行 wire transfer 电子转帐 |
| 常见金融词汇汇集 |
| [ 作者: 来源:中国英语学习网 点击次数:715 发布时间:2007-7-23 11:59:04 ] |
| big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盘股 offering,list 上市 bourse 证交所 corporate champion 龙头企业 Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所 pension fund 养老基金 mutual fund 共同基金 hedge mutual fund 对冲式共同基金 share 股票 valuation 股价 underwriter 保险商 government bond 债券 saving account 储蓄帐户 equity market 股市 shareholder 股东 delist 摘牌 mongey-loser 亏损企业 inventory 存货 traded company,trading enterprise 上市公司 stakeholder 利益相关者 transparency 透明度 Msnbc:Microsoft national broadcast 微软全国广播公司 market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则 damage-contral machinery 安全顾问 efficient market 有效市场 intellectual property 知识产权 opportunistic practice 投机行为 WorldCom 世通公司 bribery 行贿 entrepreneur 企业家 cook the book 做假帐 regulatory system 监管体系 audit 审计 accounting firm 会计事务所 Great Depression 大萧条 portfolio 投资组合 money-market 短期资本市场 capitual-market 长期资本市场 volatility 波动 diversification 多元化 commodity 期货 real estate 房地产 option 期权 call option 看涨期权 put option 看跌期权 merger 并购 arbitrage 套利 Securities&Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会 dollar standard 美元本位制 flight 贬值 budget 预算 deficit 赤字 bad debt 坏帐 output 产值 macroeconomic 宏观经济 fiscal stimulus 财政刺激 a store of value 保值 transaction currency 结算货币 forward exchange 期货交易 intervention currency 干预货币 Treasury bond 财政部公债 currnt-account 经常项目 pickup in rice 物价上涨 Federal Reserve 美联储 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 tighter credit 紧缩信贷 monetary policy 货币 awash in excess capacity 生产力过剩 foreigh exchange 外汇 spot transaction 即期交易 forward transaction 远期交易 option forward transaction 择期交易 swap transaction 调期交易 quote 报价 settlment and delivery 交割 buying rate 买入价 selling rate 卖出价 spread 差幅 contract 合同 at par 平价 premium 升水 discount 贴水 direct quoation method 直接报价法 indirect quoation method 间接报价法 dividend 股息 domestic currency 本币 floating rate 浮动利率 parent company 母公司 credit swap 互惠贷款 venture capital 风险资本 virtual value 虚拟价值 physical good 物质产品 abstract good 抽象产品 Patent&Trademark Office 专利与商标局 book value 帐面价值 physical capital 实际资本 IPO:initial public offering 新股首发 job machine 就业市场 welfare capitalism 福利资本主义 collective market cap 市场资本总值 golbal corporation 公司 transnational status 优势 transfer price 转让价格 General Accounting Office 〈美〉会计总会 consolidation 兼并 leveraged 杠杆 |
| 常见银行英语词汇 |
| [ 作者: 来源: 点击次数:602 发布时间:2007-7-23 13:21:35 ] |
| account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单 a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款 deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金 overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现 to honor a cheque 兑付 to dishonor a cheque 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 cheque,check 支票 cheque book 支票本 order cheque 记名支票 bearer cheque 不记名支票 crossed cheque 横线支票 blank cheque 空白支票 rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票 traveler's cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票 forged cheque 伪支票 Bandar's note 庄票，银票 banker 银行家 president 行长 savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行 National City Bank of New York 花旗银行 Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行 Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行 central bank, national bank, banker's bank 银行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行 requesting bank 委托开证银行 issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行 associate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行 trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司 financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司 trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部 commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行 construction bank 建设银行 industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行 post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行 merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行 import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 business accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计 depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐 subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐 journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余 idle capital 游资 economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣 economic recession 经济衰退 economic depression 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值 international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货 international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note issue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算 national gross product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券 treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链 direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率 foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现 discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备 money (financial) market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commission 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员 an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库 equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样 banking hours, business hours 营业时间 |
| 国际金融和国际金融市场 |
| [ 作者: 来源:icansay.com 点击次数:659 发布时间:2007-7-23 11:28:25 ] |
| The word "finance" signifies capital in monetary form, that is in the form of funds lent or borrowed,normally for capital purposes, through financial markets or financial institutions. When finance goes international, it is then an international finance. Financial market is a place where financial transactions take place.When a financial transaction takes place between a resident of a country and a non-resident, it is an international financial transaction, and the place where the transaction is traded is called an international financial market. 金融，就是以货币形式表示的资本，换句话说，就是通常为了资本目 的通过金融市场或金融机构已借贷资金形式构成的资本。当金融国际化了， 就成了国际金融。金融市场就是各种金融交易发生的场所。当一笔金融业 务发生在一个国家的居民和非居民之间，就成了国际金融业务，而这笔交 易发生的场所就是国际金融市场。 Normally a financial market consists of foreign exchange market, money market, bond market and equity market.The last two markets usually fall into the category of securities market or capital market. 通常，金融市场包括外汇市场、货币市场、债券市场和股票市场。债 券市场和股票市场又统称为资本市场。 Foreign exchange market deals with the exchanges of different means of payment.Because the relative values among different currencies will fluctuate according to economic and political circumstances of the currencies of the relative countries, foreign exchange markets provide services for international investors or financiers such as forward transactions and foreign currency futures to eliminate such risks. 外汇市场处理不同支付手段的兑换。由于不同货币之间的相对价值会 随着相关国家经济和政治情况的变化而波动，外汇市场为国际投资者和融 资家减少风险而提供了一些服务，例如远期交易、外汇期货等。 Most of the savings and investment transfers take place in the domestic market of a country.However, domestic investors may purchase foreign securities and may invest in foreign financial institutions.Strictly speaking,it is a "foreign" financial market. A significnat aspect of such international transactions is that all transcations are directly subject to the rules, usance, institutional arrangements, offcial policy governing foreign transcations in the respective domestic markets. 大多数储蓄和投资业务是发生在一国的国内市场。但是，国内的投资 者也可以购买外国证券和在外国金融机构内投资。严格的说，这是“外国” 金融市场。“外国”金融市场的一个显著特征就是，所有交易都直接受各 自国内市场的规章、管理、机构协议以及有关国外交易的官方的制约。 The Euromarket, which is defined as a market where financial instruments traded are denominated in currencies other than the currency of the country where the market is located.It is, in the true sense, an external financial market.The important distinction between the external financial market and the domestic financial market lies in that Eurocurrecy banking is not subject to domistic banking regulations. Today the Euromarket has become an indispensable element of the international financial market. 欧洲市场，就是在该市场上交易的金融工具都是用欧洲货币来标价而 不是用市场所在地国家的货币来标价。欧洲市场是真正意义上的境外金融 市场。境外金融市场和国内金融市场的重要区别是欧洲货币银行业务不受 国内银行规章制度的管辖。今天，欧洲市场已成为国际金融市场不可分割 的一个部分。 |
| 国际会计术语 |
| [ 作者: 来源: 点击次数:685 发布时间:2007-7-23 13:25:41 ] |
| Account 帐户 Accounting system 会计系统 American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 Audit 审计 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bookkeepking 簿记 Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测 Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师 Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 Financial forecast 财务预测 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 General-purpose information 通用目的信息 Government Accounting Office 会计办公室 Income statement 损益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 内部审计 Internal control structure 内部控制结构 Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署 Internal users 内部使用者 Management accounting 管理会计 Return of investment 投资回报 Return on investment 投资报酬 Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会 Statement of cash flow 现金流量表 Statement of financial position 财务状况表 Tax accounting 税务会计 Accounting equation 会计等式 Articulation 勾稽关系 Assets 资产 Business entity 企业个体 Capital stock 股本 Corporation 公司 Cost principle 成本原则 Creditor 债权人 Deflation 通货紧缩 Disclosure 批露 Expenses 费用 Financial statement 财务报表 Financial activities 筹资活动 Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设 Inflation 通货膨涨 Investing activities 投资活动 Liabilities 负债 Negative cash flow 负现金流量 Operating activities 经营活动 Owner's equity 所有者权益 Partnership 合伙企业 Positive cash flow 正现金流量 Retained earning 留存利润 Revenue 收入 Sole proprietorship 独资企业 Solvency 清偿能力 Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设 Stockholders 股东 Stockholders' equity 股东权益 Window dressing 门面粉饰 |
| 经济金融术语汉英对照表A－C |
| [ 作者: 来源: 点击次数:367 发布时间:2007-7-23 13:43:35 ] |
| A 安全网 safety net 按可比口径 on comparable basis 按轻重缓急 to prioritize 暗补 implicit subsidy 暗亏 hidden loss B 颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务 to take deposits 保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce 备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves 本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation 本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避税（请见“逃税”） tax avoidance 币种搭配不当 currency mismatch 币种构成 currency composition 变相社会集资 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（业务） off-balance-sheet items（operation） 薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes 不变成本 fixed cost 不变价 at constant price;in real terms 不动产 real estate 不良贷款（资产） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets） C 财务公司 finance companies 财政赤字 fiscal deficit 财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy） 财政与货币的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作弹性 operational flexibility 操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate 产品构成 product composition;product mix 产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory 产销率 current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio 产销衔接 marketability 产业 industrial policy 长期国债 treasury bonds 敞口头寸 open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承购包销 underwrite（securities） 成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s） 城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs） 城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks 城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks 城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income 持续升温 persistent overheating 重复布点 duplicate projects 重置成本 replacement cost 重组计划 restructuring plan 筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels 初见成效 initial success 出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports 出口退税 export tax rebate 储蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。） 储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits 储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings 传导机制 transmission mechanism 从价税 ad valorem tax 从紧控制 tight control 存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio 存款保险体系 deposit insurance system 存款货币银行 deposit money banks 存款准备金 required reserves |
| 经济金融术语汉英对照表D－F |
| [ 作者: 来源: 点击次数:680 发布时间:2007-7-23 13:33:21 ] |
打白条 issue IOU
大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）
大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline
大一统的银行 （all-in-one）mono-bank system
呆账（请见“坏账”） bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 non-performing loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans
倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
地区差别 regional disparity
第一产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货不足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国（请见“母国”） host country
核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging
对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector
多种所有制形式 diversified ownership
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market
F
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股本 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement
法人股 institutional shares
法人股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房地产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）
非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure
风险管理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard
服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
| 复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account |
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
个人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公开市场操作 open market operations
私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事业 public utilities
公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises
股份制银行 joint-equity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减让 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood
国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
国有经济（部门） the state-owned（or public）sector
国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）
国有制 state-ownership
国有资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities
过度竞争 excessive competition
过度膨胀 excessive expansion
过热迹象 signs of overheating
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资本 core capital
合资企业 joint-venture enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
宏观目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
坏账 bad debt
还本付息 debt service
换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
汇兑在途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership
货币态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
J
基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基本经济要素 economic fundamentals
基本适度 broadly appropriate
基准利率 benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions
机会成本 opportunity cost
激励机制 incentive mechanism
积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
挤提存款 run on banks
挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）
技改投资 investment in technological upgrading
技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product
计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status
计划经济 planned economy
集体经济 the collective sector
加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工贸易 processing trade
加快态势 accelerating trend
加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration
加权价 weighted average price
价格放开 price liberalization
价格形成机制 pricing mechanism
减亏 to reduce losses
简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures
交投活跃 brisk trading
缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves
结构扭曲 structural distortion
结构失调 structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）
结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融动荡 financial turbulence
金融风波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危机 financial crisis
金融压抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融诈骗 financial fraud
紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy
紧缩 austerity policies;tight financial policies
经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility
经济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）
经济改革 economic reform
经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）
经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth
经济制裁 economic sanction
经营自主权 autonomy in management
景气回升 recovery in business activity
境外投资 overseas investment
竞争加剧 intensifying competition
局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance
K
开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business
可维持（可持续）经济增长 sustainable economic growth
可变成本 variable cost
可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency
控制现金投放 control currency issuance
扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis
库存产品 inventory
银行业务 cross-border banking
跨年度采购 cross-year procurement
会计准则 accounting standard
L
来料加工 processing of imported materials for export
离岸银行业务 off-shore banking（business）
理顺外贸 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利润驱动 profit-driven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
联行清算 inter-bank settlement
连锁企业 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses
良性循环 virtuous cycle
两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution
零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）
流动性比例 liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款 working capital loans
流通 distribution system
流通网络 distribution network
留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase
垄断行业 monopolized industry（sector）
乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising
乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges
乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）levies
M
买方市场 buyer's market
卖方市场 seller's market
卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo
贸易差额 trade balance
民间信用 non-institutionalized credit
免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明补 explicit subsidy
明亏 explicit loss
名牌产品 brand products
母国（请见“东道国”） home country
N
内部控制 internal control
内部审计 internal audit
内地与 the mainland and Hong Kong
内债 domestic debt
扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效应 bubble effect
bubble economy
培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
平衡发展 balanced development
瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）
平稳回升 steady recovery
铺底流动资金 initial（start-up）working capital
普遍回升 broad-based recovery
配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套人民币资金 local currency funding of…
Q
企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企业集团战略 corporate group strategy
企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring
企业领导班子 enterprise management
企业所得税 enterprise（corporate）income tax
企业效益 corporate profitability
企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠税 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration
强制措施 enforcement action
翘尾因素 carryover effect
切一刀 partial application
清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans
（破产）清算 liquidation
倾斜 preferential policy
区别对待 differential treatment
趋势加强 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
权益回报率 returns on equity（ROE）
缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum
R
绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling
人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP
人均收入 per capita income
人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）
认缴资本 subscribed capital
软贷款 soft loans
软预算约束 soft budget constraint
软着陆 soft landing
W
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税凭证 tax payment documentation
违法经营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
无纸交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺经济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
下岗工人 laid-off employees
下游企业 down-stream enterprises
现场稽核 on-site examination
现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）
消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）
消费税 excise（consumption）tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售平淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion
新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息不对称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback（information）
信息共享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信用扩张 credir expansion
信用评级 credit rating
姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand
虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
Y
养老基金 pension fund
一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation
一级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
银行网点 banking outlets
赢利能力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans
用地审批 to grant land use right
有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资（热钱） hot money
有市场的产品 marketable products
有效供给 effective supply
诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans
与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）
预调 pre-emptive adjustment
月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis
Z
再贷款 central bank lending
在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank
在途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures
增长平稳 steady growth
value-added tax（VAT）
涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchment;consolidation
工具 policy instrument
性业务 policy-related operations
性银行 policy banks
组合 policy mix
干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
支付困难 payment difficulty
支付能力 payment capacity
直接方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
指令性措施 mandatory measures
指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan
制定和实施货币 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy
滞后影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project
周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
主办银行 main bank
主权风险 sovereign risk
注册资本 registered capital
逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation
逐步取消 to phase out
抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）
专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked
转贷 on-lending
转轨经济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit
准货币 quasi-money
资本不足 under-capitalized
资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio
资本利润率 return on capital
资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility
资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）
资产质量 asset quality
资产组合 asset portfolio
资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost
资金到位 fully funded （project）
资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利用率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
自筹投资项目 self-financed projects
自有资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成本 total cost
最后贷款人 lender of last resort
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