1. ______ the regular train to London, Mr. Fog had to wait to take another one, so he was late for the conference.
| A．To have missed | B．Being missing |
| C．To miss | D．Having missed |
| A．forgetting | B．to forgot | C．having forgotten | D．to have forgotten |
| A．to publish | B．being published | C．published | D．to be published |
| A．Locating | B．Being located | C．To locate | D．Located |
| A．being wondering | B．to have wondered |
| C．to be wondering | D．having wondered |
| A．hidden | B．hide | C．to hide | D．to have hidden |
| A．where | B．when | C．that | D．during that time |
| A．if | B．because | C．although | D．unless |
| A．that | B．which | C．whose | D．whom |
| A．that | B．when | C．where | D．which |
A mysterious dog
Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 1 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention.
Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 2 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 3 (seat) at a table in the foreground.
Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 4 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten.
“It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 5 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call.
The museum noted that the dog 6 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 7 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting.
Covering up the dog allows viewers 8 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways.
Picasso made other changes to the work, including 9 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 10 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this.
12. Directions: Fill in each sentence with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. bitterly B. breakthrough C. conservation D. discounted E. effortlessly F. existing
| G. seize H. life expectancy I. moving J. projected K. track |
2. The car’s powerful engine allows it to ________ tackle steep inclines and rough roads, while the responsive handling and adaptive suspension system ensure a smooth and comfortable ride.
3. Biologists have designed an instrument named FlyPol, which uses light to ________ plants’ life cycles from a fast-moving helicopter more than a kilometer overhead.
4. Benefiting from the continuous expansion of the domestic market, major companies in the food industry are ________ to increase their profits by about 7 percent next year.
5. Aiming for more growth in the promising hair sector, this cosmetic company launched a new hair repair series with brand new self-developed technology that can help restore damaged hair to its original strength, which is a great ________.
6. The annual CIIE (China International Import Expo) is of great significance for the entrepreneurs home and abroad to better reach clients, expand market channels and ________ potential investment opportunities as well as boost innovation.
7. Having endured the high temperatures and harmful chemicals for years, employees in the cotton field in Uzbekistan are complaining ________ about their working conditions.
8. Gallo and five of his friends will compete as a team to find as many bird species in Connecticut as they can by sight or sound in a 24-hour period. Their goals: get 200 species; beat the ________ New England record of 195 species, set by their opponents in in 2014.
9. In order to expand the market, Microsoft bundles Windows 11 at ________ prices with its popular desktop application programs.
10. Since ________ is getting higher and higher, measures should be taken to encourage the participation of elderly people in various fields including economic activity.
13. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alarming B. carbon-intensive C. durability D. glued E. labels F. man-made
| G. manufacturing H. recycle I. redefine J. samples K. share |
Over the last five years the sneaker industry has grown rapidly and shows no sign of slowing down. The global athletic footwear market is expected to exceed 95 billion (USD) by 2025. According to the World Footwear Yearbook, over 24 billion pairs of shoes are produced annually. Among them sneakers account for the largest 1 . What are the environmental impacts of the rapidly growing sneaker industry?
Sneaker production is very 2 . A typical pair of running shoes produces about 13.6 kilograms of CO2 emissions which is unusually high for a product that does not use electricity or require power-driving components.
These emissions mainly come from 3 . The majority of sneakers are made from plastic and/or plastic-like materials. All these petroleum-derived plastics produce a(n) 4 number of carbon dioxide.
Then why don’t we move away from the use of plastic? Since sneakers have to endure much more than a regular pair of shoes, the aspect of their 5 is very important when it comes to their overall performance. Unfortunately, 6 materials hold up better than natural ones. Plastic has made shoes better, lighter, faster, more comfortable, and more accessible to everyone worldwide. Another issue with sneakers today is that most of them are made by using a combination of different plastics 7 in a very complicated way, making them very hard to 8 .
The footwear industry is at least 10 years behind the rest of fashion in terms of environmental standards. Seven out of ten brands are having discussions on sustainability, yet only 40% of companies have a sustainability program in place. Big industry players (such as Adidas and Nike) and some smaller 9 are trying to reduce their carbon footprint in different ways.
Considering that close to 25 billion pairs of shoes were produced worldwide in the last year, it is clear that immediate action is very important. It is my hope that we consumers will 10 our relationship with fashion and think about the environmental impact of our shopping habits.
14. At ten o’clock on the morning of May 25, 2009, Nasir Uddin was standing outside his mud house. He noticed that the river next to his house was higher than ________. He looked toward the sea. He suddenly saw a huge wall of brown water. It was rushing toward him. Within minutes, the water came into his house. It washed away the mud walls. Uddin and his three young daughters jumped onto the kitchen table. “I was sure we were all dead,” he later said. ________, an empty boat passed by. He managed to put his daughters in the boat. He held on to its side. This Bangladeshi family was ________. They were saved, but hundreds of their neighbors died.
Floods happen when a river or the sea rises and covers dry land. Unfortunately, Bangladesh often experiences floods. This is because the majority of its land is less than 15 feet (5 meters) above sea level. The sea level is rising because of global warming. As it rises, it ________ more land in Bangladesh. In the worst-case scenario, the country may ________ one quarter of its land by the end of the century to the water. This is very serious because millions of people live close to the sea.
Coastal flooding is also very destructive because it ________ the land with salty seawater. The salt ________ in the soil even after the flood is over. When there is too much salt, farmers cannot grow their crops, which is ________ threatening farming communities in Bangladesh. Frequent coastal flooding is destroying farms and crops. As a result, many farmers can no longer farm. Worse still, farmers often have nowhere to go. They cannot move to a new area because Bangladesh is so ________. In fact, it is one of the most packed countries in the world.
Bangladeshis are facing many challenges from flooding. Yet this is a nation of strong people. They are finding solutions. Bangladeshi farmers now grow special rice ________ for salt water. They raise sea food such as shrimp and crab in areas closest to the sea. ________, they have built huge walls of earth. They hope these walls will keep the sea away from their vegetable farms. They have also stored temporary tents to ________ victims and developed an early-warning system. “Let me tell you about Bangladeshis,” says Zakir Kibria, a farming expert. “We may look poor..., but we are not ________. We don’t sit there waiting for help and we always ________ ourselves.”
So, when Uddin lost his home that day, he did what most Bangladeshis do: He rebuilt. This time, however, he built his house out of wood, not mud. He wants his home to ________ the next flood.
1.
| A．normal | B．past | C．visible | D．necessary |
| A．Incredibly | B．Safely | C．Decisively | D．Quietly |
| A．harmonious | B．fortunate | C．vulnerable | D．outstanding |
| A．floods | B．transfers | C．employs | D．declines |
| A．lose | B．contribute | C．involve | D．bring |
| A．engages | B．addicts | C．combines | D．ruins |
| A．lives | B．stays | C．extends | D．impresses |
| A．surprisingly | B．conveniently | C．constantly | D．shortly |
| A．near-sighted | B．underfed | C．short-handed | D．overcrowded |
| A．interpreted | B．adapted | C．decoded | D．activated |
| A．In addition | B．As a result | C．By contrast | D．For instance |
| A．shelter | B．trap | C．raise | D．cultivate |
| A．eyewitnesses | B．subjects | C．victims | D．targets |
| A．count on | B．live up to | C．look into | D．decide on |
| A．survive | B．guard | C．protest | D．defend |
Many scholars ________ a subjectively meaningful life to three factors: the feeling that one’s life makes sense (coherence), the possession of clear and satisfying long-term goals (purpose) and the belief that one’s life matters in the overall scheme of things (________ mattering).
But we believe there is another element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are ________ to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, which represents the detection of and ________ for life’s inherent beauty.
To better understand this form of appreciation, we conducted a series of experiments in which we gave people specific tasks and asked them to report how strongly they ________ statements linked to the factors of meaningful life. In one case, we found that participants who watched an awesome video, such as the BBC documentary Planet Earth, reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life, compared with participants watching more ________ videos, such as an instructional woodworking video. ________, participants who wrote about a recent experience for which they were ________ had a greater sense of meaning when compared with those who simply wrote about a common place they had ________ last week.
The results confirmed our original theory: people are born with the ability to appreciate beauty, and appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But ________ that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, ________ lifestyles fill the day with targets. We attempt to ________ output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and ________ the significance in the everyday. As former Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in 1950, “We live in a wonderful world… There are countless adventures that we can have if we ________ them with our eyes open.”
1.
| A．adventurous | B．routine | C．active | D．carefree |
| A．add up | B．back up | C．sum up | D．make up |
| A．mental | B．physical | C．existential | D．everyday |
| A．open | B．credited | C．connected | D．close |
| A．patience | B．admiration | C．responsibility | D．support |
| A．gave out | B．relied on | C．referred to | D．identified with |
| A．funny | B．streaming | C．neutral | D．principal |
| A．Undoubtedly | B．Similarly | C．However | D．Therefore |
| A．anxious | B．sorry | C．pity | D．grateful |
| A．visited | B．imagined | C．mentioned | D．researched |
| A．applying | B．revealing | C．seeking | D．analyzing |
| A．research-backed | B．tech-driven | C．family-based | D．goal-oriented |
| A．correct | B．maximize | C．avoid | D．reduce |
| A．modify | B．embrace | C．assess | D．state |
| A．seek | B．transform | C．display | D．stretch |
The works of great poets and writers come to mind, but how many of us will write the next David Copperfield, or Ode to Autumn? Sporting triumphs also occur: the breaking of the four minute mile for instance. But again, how many of us are great athletes? So what can we do?
Shakespeare writes, “The evil men do lives after them; the good is oft interred (often buried) with their bones.” For once, however, I think Shakespeare is wrong. I think the good we do can live after we have gone. Sir Terry Pratchett writes, “A man is not truly dead while his name is still spoken,” and I think that is more true. Perhaps we cannot expect our name to be remembered for hundreds or thousands of years, but to be remembered with kindness and even thankfulness after we’ve gone is surely something to strive for.
I had two grannies when I was growing up. One was my mother’s mother; the other was our cousin’s grandmother on their father’s side. Our own grandmother died young, so this lovely lady adopted us as her honorary grandchildren.
Granny was the most lovely and loving lady you could imagine. There were always cakes in the tin and a warm welcome whenever we visited, there were small presents at Christmas and on our birthdays, and we loved her dearly. It was only when I attended her funeral that I realized how far her love extended: the church was packed, and tale after tale was told of her kindness. Her name was—and possibly still is—spoken long after her death.
I wish I could say the same of my other grandmother, but I can’t. My mother talks about her, but I don’t; there is no point in talking about unkindness.
When I announced my retirement, a couple of months ago, I was stunned to receive so many emails and letters of thanks. My patients really appreciate all that I have done for them. That will last after I’m gone and spread down through generations.
1. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with about the online meditation?
| A．The evening meditation are more important than the morning ones. |
| B．The online meditation receive more attention in the evening. |
| C．The morning meditation are difficult to use in daily life. |
| D．The online meditation are worthy of the name. |
| A．support Shakespeare’s statement on the afterlife |
| B．argue that greatness is the only way to be remembered |
| C．emphasize the importance of kindness to ordinary people |
| D．criticize the idea that only evil deeds are remembered |
| A．The author’s granny on mother’s side was a kind person. |
| B．Shakespeare believed the goodness fades far sooner than the evil. |
| C．A man’s contribution is highly dependent on their achievements. |
| D．People were happy to know the retirement of the author. |
| A．magazine featuring famous athletes |
| B．blog post by a doctor who recently retired |
| C．book about the importance of creating a legend |
| D．medical journal discussing the benefits of meditation |
By Land
In many cities around the world, motorcycles are becoming increasingly popular. Currently, Vietnam has around 33 million motorcycles. China has almost 120 million. The convenience of these motorcycles comes at a cost. Air pollution is a growing problem. In large cities, people often complain it is difficult to breathe. They also complain about the noise.
To solve these problems, a U.S. company designed an environmentally friendly motorcycle. It uses electricity as fuel. You can drive it for 40 miles ( kilometers) before recharging the battery.
It is also quiet and fast-60 miles (96 kilometers) per hour. This makes it a good choice for getting around a city.
By Water
The Italian city of Venice is a city with only a few roads. There are no cars in the city center. Instead of cars, water taxis and buses carry people along the city’s canals. The engines of these boats are simple and cheap. However, they cause pollution, particularly to the water. This causes damage to the city’s buildings.
English mechanics Dick Strawbridge and Jem Stans designed a solar-powered water taxi. The solar panels charge three electric batteries. These, in turn, provide power to the engine. The water taxi can carry six passengers. It can run for a day. In the future, solar taxis could be an alternative to Venice’s current taxis.
By Air
Designing an environmentally friendly airplane is a real challenge. Planes use an enormous amount of jet fuel. This means they cause significant air pollution, and they are very noisy. Some major airplane manufacturers have started to address the problems. They are using cleaner fuels, for example. However, Swiss engineers have gone one step further. They developed a solar airplane — the Solar Impulse. Solar panels cover its wings. These panels provide power to four electric motors and batteries. The batteries allow the plane to fly at night. This plane holds the world record for the longest solar-powered flight — 985 miles (1541 kilometers) from Arizona to Texas in the United States.
1. What do the three innovative ideas proposed have in common?
| A．They aim to solve traffic problems in big cities. |
| B．They use cleaner energy and cause less pollution. |
| C．They aim to change traditional way of transporting goods. |
| D．They are good will of developed countries to help developing countries. |
| A．China owns the largest number of motorcycles. |
| B．There are no cars in the center of Venice city. |
| C．Solar-powered water taxi can run for a day with one battery at work. |
| D．The newly designed motorcycle can drive 60 miles after being charged. |
| A．lighter wings | B．less noise |
| C．powerful batteries | D．longest solar panels |
Ants are a good example of swarming animals. Swarms of ants can do many difficult tasks. For example, they can find the shortest path to the best food source. It may appear that individual ants build nests and defend their homes, but ants aren’t clever architects or soldiers—at least not as individuals. If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you will be impressed by how inept it is. Although individual ants don’t appear to be very intelligent, as colonies they are, thanks to swarm intelligence.
Swarm intelligence is the collective behavior of large groups. The key feature of swarm intelligence seems to be that no one is in charge. In the case of ants, there appear to be no leaders. No ant seems to be telling any other ants what to do. There is a queen ant, but her only role is to lay eggs. Yet, a colony of half a million ants functions perfectly without any managers at all. Furthermore, no single ant seems to have any knowledge about the big picture—the main goals or objectives. The swarm relies on lots of interaction between individuals who all follow the rules. One of these rules is to stay close together. When individuals stay close together, they communicate and share a lot of information.
Different animals have different methods of interaction. For example, ants leave a trail of pheromones for other ants to follow. A key component of bee interaction is movement. When bees need to move their hive, scout bees go out in search of a suitable place to live. When they return, they each do a type of dance. The “happier” the bee is about the new location, the faster the dance is. In addition, the dance includes a code with directions to the new location. The excited dancers excite other scout bees. These bees then fly out to check. They come back, get close together, and dance with the other excited bees. The bees will not move until they are all “excited”, or in agreement about the best location. Once a large enough group of bees all agree, they convince the thousands of other bees. Then they all fly together to the new site.
Some scientists are applying the wisdom of animals to solve human problems. Thomas Seeley, a biologist at Cornell University, uses swarm intelligence in his meeting. Seeley doesn’t tell his staff what to do or make all decisions. Instead, he asks his staff to identify all the possibilities, discuss their ideas, and then vote by ballot. Seeley wants his staff, like the bees, to focus on the group’s needs, not on the individual ideas. “It gives a group time to let the best idea emerge and win.” Seeley says that running meetings using swarm intelligence ideas can lead to better decisions. It can also reduce conflict among the staff.
In nature, animals use swarm intelligence for survival. For these animals, working together is a matter of life or death. For humans, there is much to learn from swarm intelligence to make our lives more efficient.
1. According to paragraph 2, “inept” means ________.
| A．awkward | B．appealing | C．isolated | D．smart |
| A．There should be a leader although he may not be in charge. |
| B．It won’t work if individuals don’t understand the collective goals. |
| C．Every individual should be very familiar with the rules and with each other. |
| D．Team member should stick together and communicate what they know. |
| A．They communicate within their group through pheromones. |
| B．Failure in reaching agreements seldom occurs in an intimate team. |
| C．They head towards the new location when majority of bees agree. |
| D．The way they dance reflects how satisfied they are with the location. |
| A．boosting team spirit | B．eliminating conflicts |
| C．encouraging best ideas | D．solving interpersonal problems |
If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage.
Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 1
Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 2 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place.
3 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark.
People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 4 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.”
This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done?
No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality.
| A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. |
| B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. |
| C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. |
| D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” |
| E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. |
| F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. |
21. 世界范围内，正在建立类似的以社区为基础的旅游项目。 (set) (汉译英)
22. 浏览网络，你一定会受到各种减肥计划广告的轰炸。 (祈使句) (汉译英)
23. 那个海边城市以美丽的自然风光闻名海内外，是游客们沐浴阳光，逃离都市喧嚣的首选。(soak) (汉译英)
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