裸子植物门分种检索表

1.落叶 (2)

1常绿 (5)

2.叶扇形，在长枝上螺旋状排列，短枝上簇生；雌雄异株···············银杏

2.叶条形，在长枝上螺旋状互生，短枝上簇生；雌雄同株 (3)

3.种鳞木质，球果成熟后脱落·······································金钱松

3种鳞革质，宿存 (4)

4.种鳞上部边缘不反曲；1年生枝色浅，不为红褐色，无白粉············华北落叶松

4.种鳞上部边缘显著向外反曲；1年生枝红褐色，被白粉················日本落叶松

5.灌木 (6)

5.乔木 (7)

6.匍匐灌木；具二型叶；种子近球形··································叉子圆柏

6.灌木或小乔木；无二型叶；种子近卵圆形····························杜松

7.枝无长短枝之分 (8)

7.枝具长短枝之分 (17)

8.枝具特化短枝 (9)

8.枝仅具长枝 (12)

9.叶3~5针一束；叶内有一条维管束；鳞脊顶生 (10)

9.叶2~3针一束；叶内有两条维管束；鳞脊背生 (11)

10.叶3针一束；种鳞鳞脊背生，有刺；球果卵圆形，形小···············白皮松

10.叶5针一束；种鳞鳞脊顶生，无刺；球果卵状圆锥形，较大···········华山松

11.叶长；鳞脊有刺·················································油松

11.叶短；鳞脊凹下，无刺···········································樟子松

12.种鳞脱落；球果腋生，直立；枝上无叶枕···························辽东冷杉12.种鳞宿存；球果顶生，下垂；枝上有叶枕 (13)

13.基部宿存芽鳞不反曲·············································青杄

13.基部宿存芽鳞反曲 (14)

14.1年生嫩枝淡绿黄色，2年生枝淡粉红色····························青海云杉

14.1年生小枝红褐色或黄褐色 (15)

15.叶先端钝；小枝无白粉···········································白杄

15.叶先端尖或锐尖 (16)

16.1年生小枝无白粉；球果种鳞露出部平滑无纵纹·····················红皮云杉

16.1年生小枝有白粉；球果种鳞露出部有纵纹·························云杉

17.球果当年成熟 (18)

17.球果翌年成熟 (21)

18.叶鳞与种均为螺旋状互生；叶基部下延；种鳞扁平，苞鳞革质·········杉木

18.叶鳞与叶均交互对生或轮生；种鳞木质 (19)

19.叶条形，排成两列；叶基部下延；球果具长梗，两侧有翅·············水杉

19.叶鳞形或刺形；叶基部不下延；球果具短梗，两侧具窄翅或无翅 (20)

20.种鳞木质，背部有勾状尖头；种子无翅·····························侧柏

20.种鳞革质，顶端具突起小尖头；种子两侧具翅·······················北美香柏

21.叶基部下延·····················································南洋杉

21.叶基部不下延 (22)

22.叶三棱针形；雌雄异株，球花单生枝顶；种翅膜质···················雪松

22.叶鳞形或刺形；雌雄同株，球花单生枝顶；种子具窄翅或无翅 (23)

23.成熟球果的种鳞木质，盾形，熟时张开····························柏木

23成熟球果的种鳞肉质，成浆果状，熟时不张开或微张开··············刺柏