在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在句中可以充当及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。宾语从句的三大考点即:引导词、时态和语序。
一、宾语从句的引导词
1.that引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是陈述句时,用连接词that引导,that在口语、非正式文体中常被省略。
He says(that) he has been to Shanghai twice.他说他去过上海两次。
She said (that) she went to the park last week.她说她上周去公园了。
2. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问词就是引导词。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词不可省略。
Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting?你能告诉我们将在哪儿开会吗?
I wondered what I should do next.我想知道下一步该做什么。
3. if或whether引导的宾语从句
(1)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时,要用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。 If和whether只起到连接作用,不充当句子成分,一般情况下可互换,但if常用于口语中,whether常用于正式文体中。
I want to know if /whether he is waiting for me.我想知道他是否在等我。
Could you tell me if /whether you have been to Australia? 你能告诉我你是否去过澳大利亚吗?(2)下列情况下一般只能用whether:
①与or not连用时
I don’t know whether he likes the movie or not. 我不知道他喜不喜欢这部电影。
②作介词的宾语时
Everything depends on whether we have enough time.一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。
③放在不定式前,与不定式组成词组时
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.她还没决定去还是不去。
④作discuss等词的宾语时
We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论了是否该关闭那家商店。
二、宾语从句的时态
(1)如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句可用其所需的任何时态。
He says (that) he has seen this film.他说他已经看过这部电影了。
He says (that) he is watching TV.他说他正在看电视。
(2)如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句常用过去的某种时态。
He said they would go to Hainan winter holiday.他说他们将去海南度假。
She didn’t know if they had seen the movie.她不知道他们是否看过那部电影了。
注意:如果从句的内容表示的是客观真理或不可改变的自然现象等,虽然主句用了过去时态,从句仍然用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转动。
The teacher said light travels faster than sound.老师说光比声音传播得快。
三、宾语从句的语序
当宾语从句是疑问句时,要用陈述语序。
What’s his father’s name? 他父亲叫什么名字?
I don’t know what his father’s name is? 我不知道他父亲叫什么名字?
When will they leave for Shanghai?你们什么时候去上海?
Can you tell me when they will leave for Shanghai?你能告诉我他们什么时候去上海吗?
四、宾语从句的否定转移
当宾语从句表示否定意义时,如果主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词时,通常将否定转移到主句的谓语动词中。
I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。
I don’t think there is anything wrong with the radio.我认为这台收音机没有毛病。
注意:
1.当宾语从句的否定转移时,若主句的主语是第一人称,则该句的反意思疑问句由从句来决定。
I don’t think he is an honest boy, is he ?我认为他不是一个诚实的孩子,对吗?
2.若主句的主语不是第一人称,则该句的反意疑问句由主句来决定。
You believe he will come here soon, don’t you ?你相信他很快就会来这儿,不是吗?
练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4. Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8. Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.(how, why)
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today?(who, whom)
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.(how, who)
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.(改为否定句)
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.(改为复合句
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
六、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what color was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year
D. when they will leave for Paris
( ) 5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( ) 6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
( ) 7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
( ) 8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got
( ) 9. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( ) 10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( ) 11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
( ) 12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( ) 13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
单项选择
1)I hope ________ it will snow this winter.
A.when B.if C.whether D./
2)—I don’t know ________ Mr.Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A.why B.when C.how D.where
3)I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.
A.whether B.why C.what D.how
4)—Do you know ________?I’m going to see him.
—Sorry,I don’t know.
A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived
5)—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer?
—Sorry,I have no idea.
A./;bought B.has;bought
C.did;buy D.does;buy
6)I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.
A.that B.whether C.why D.where
7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?
—Sorry,I have no idea.
A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for
C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for
8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I don’t know ________ tomorrow.Can you tell me?
A.when we started B.when did we start
C.when we will start D.when will we start
经典例题
例1 In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper ________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A.that B.how C.what D.if
例2 I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when
例3 (2010江苏苏州中考)—I wonder ________.
—Zebras.
A.what do they call these animals
B.how they call these animals
C.what they call these animals
D.how do they call these animals
例4 (2010北京中考)I’m different from my twin sister.I love dancing,________ she is interested in reading.
A.so B.or C.but D.and
例5 (2010重庆中考)Work hard,________ you may catch up with your classmates soon.
A.or B.but C.and D.yet
宾语从句参:
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was
三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they
五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works
7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go
六、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—13:CCB
答案:D hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that 在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。
答案:A 从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。
答案:A 本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。
答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?”。
答案:C 句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。
答案:A do you think是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。
答案:C 由tomorrow判断,应该用将来时态表示。
答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除A、B两项,由last week判断应该用过去时态。
思路解析:注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案:D
黑色陷阱:本题的主要陷阱是书名 Who Moved My Cheese, 它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。
绿色通道:在英语中,注意书名一般都是斜体的,且书名的首字母是大写的,注意把它看成一个的完整的东西。
思路解析:注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”,应该用when表示“当……时”,本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案:D
黑色陷阱:本句结构复杂,主要陷阱设置在when 上,它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。
绿色通道:做此类题,要慢慢理顺思路,不要钻牛角尖,当一种含义说不通时,从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。
思路解析:本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how,注意本句中隐含句型call sb. sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。
绿色通道:解答本类题首先分析句意,确定引导词,然后看好语序和时态。
思路解析:本句是转折关系,选择C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式,不细读题而误选D项。
绿色通道:并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系,所以一定要把题读完再作判断。
思路解析:本句是“祈使句+and”的句型,句意为“努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and在句中表示承接关系,所以选C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:本题的陷阱是句型,本句型区别于“祈使句+or”,这个句型的含义是“……,不然的话/否则……”。
绿色通道:祈使句后面既可以加and,也可以加or,所以要全面分析句意,再作决定