一．图表类型
饼状图，直方图或柱形图 趋势曲线图 表格图 流程图或过程图 程序图
二．解题技巧
A. 表格图
1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 3无需将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值，对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的
说明：考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。
B. 曲线图
1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明
2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平
3交点说明: 对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明
说明：关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据！可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。
C. 饼状图
1介绍各扇面及总体的关系 2各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较 3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的
D. 柱状图
1.比较: similarity 2.对比: difference)
3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征
E. 流程图
1． 首先说明：做什么工作的过程，目的是什么 2． 准备工作 3． 按时间/过程先后描述 4． 结果 5． 简单总结
说明：注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系；表达每一流程的主体内容，阐明这种关系；揭示其内在联系或规律；最后，给予简要归纳和总结。
F. 实物/器具工作过程 1． 实物的名称，功能 2． 基本结构 3． 工作过程 4． 简单总结
G. 综合图
1不求甚解，不拘泥于细节2分门别类，分段落详细介绍各个图表 3不画蛇添足，主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系
三．写作结构
框架结构
1．开头：该图阐述的是______的______.共有以下几个部分组成。
（that） / According to / As （is） shown in … / As can be seen from /
It can be seen from / We can see from / It is clear / apparent from the figures/statistics / It is from / This … tells us the main story about / concerning / concerned with / on / related to…
2．分析：首先看到的是____, 在_____年呈现出____的趋势 / 占______; 其次，……第三[比
较分析]
1）内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion
2）用语：
| 从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化 | as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in…… |
| 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到…… | from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the chart that…… |
| 这个图表向我们展示了…… | this is a graph which illustrates…… |
| 该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系 | this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to…… |
| 该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势 | the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in…… |
| 在……至……期间，……基本不变。 ……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点，为…… 比率维持在…… | over the period from……to……the……remained level |
| 在……年到……期间…… | in the year between……and…… |
| 1995年至1998三年里…… | in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998…… |
| 从那时起…… | from then on/from this time onwards…… |
| ……月（年）至……月（年）……的数量基本不变 | the number of……remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year） |
| 数字急剧上升至…… | the number sharply went up to…… |
| ……至……期间……的比率维持不变 | the percentage of……stayed the same between……and…… |
| ……的比例比……的比例略高（低） | here is not a great deal of difference between……and…… |
| 这是个柱型图，描述了…… | this is a column chart showing…… |
| 如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。 ……的比例比……的比例略高（低） | as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of…… |
| ……与……的区别不大 | .the percentage of……is sightly larger/smaller than that of…… |
| 该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍 | the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of…… |
| ……逐年减少，而……逐步上升 | ……decreased year by year while……increased steadily |
| ……的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为……百分点 | the situation reached / mount to a peak（a high point at） of [%] |
| 数字（情况）在……达到底部 | he figures/situation bottomed out in…… |
| 数字（情况）达到底部（低谷） | the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough |
| 占到…比例 | gain the percentage of |
| a是b的……倍 | a is ……times as much/many as b. |
| a增长了…… | a increased by…… |
| a增长到…… | a increased to…… |
| 比低高（低） | high/low/great/small/ percentage |
| ……数字呈上升趋势 | there is an upward trend in the number of…… |
| ……到……发生急剧上升 | a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to…… |
| 从……到……，下降速率减慢 | from……to……the rate of decrease slow down. |
| 从这年起，……逐渐下降至…… | rom this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the……，reaching a figure of…… |
| 与……相似 | be similar to…… |
| 与……相同 | be the same as…… |
| ……与……之间有许多相似（不同）之处 | there are a lot similarities/differences between……and…… |
| a于b有共同之处 | a has something in common with b |
| a与b之间的差别在于…… | the difference between a and b lies / consists in…… |
| ……年……急剧上升 | ……（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in…… |
| 下降后保持平稳 | bottom out / level out（降至最低点） |
| 上升后保持平稳 | level off |
四．有效词汇
上升：increase、rise、 ascend 、core、 surge 、go up 、climb 、mount、 level up
下降: decrease、 fall 、drop、 descend、 decline 、reduce 、lessen、 level down
平稳:stable 、steady、 remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to
波动:fluctuate、 fluctuation、 rise and falls、 up and down
占:occupy、 take up、 account for、 gain
而:while、 howeve、r whereas、 on the other hand、 actually/in fact
相比:by contract、 on the contrary、 likewise、 compared with
最高点:the highest 、the top、 the summit 、the peak、 the most
最低点:bottom 、less 、least 、rock bottom
平均:mean、 趋势:tendancy 、trend、 inclination 预见:prediction
达到顶峰:在***中占***: gain the percentage of
有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen
五，经典范文
第一类：表格
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category-2002
| Country | Food/Drinks/Tobacco | Clothing/footwear | Leisure/Education |
| Ireland | 28.91% | 6.43% | 2.21% |
| Italy | 16.36% | 9.00% | 3.20% |
| Spain | 18.80% | 6.51% | 1.98% |
| Sweden | 15.77% | 5.40% | 3.22% |
| Turkey | 32.14% | 6.63% | 4.35% |
The table gives the breakdown about data on consumer spending on various items (Food/Drink/Tobacco,Clothing/Footwear and Leisure/Education) in five different countries (Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey)in 2002.
Generally, each country consumed much more in food/drink/tobacco where Turkey dominated the first place with 32.14%, standing in marked contrast with Sweden (only 15.77%) than in other 2 categories. In terms of Clothing/Footwear, Italy expectedly spent most with 9% compared with still Sweden seeing the smallest proportion (5.4%). As for Leisure/Education, it was Turkey and Spain that consumed the most and least with 4.35% and 1.98% respectively.
Additionally, we can see immediately that in food/drink/tobacco, after Turkey, Ireland, Spain and Italy came in turn with 28.91%, 18.80% and 16.36%. On the contrary, in Clothing/Footwear, we failed to see big gap from Ireland,Spain and Turkey in middle positions which saw different reductions of 2.57%, 2.49% and 2.37% in comparison with Italy, likewise, in Leisure/Education, still small differences were found. To be exact, Turkey was followed by Sweden, Italy and Ireland in a slow falling turn with 3.22%, 3.2% and 2.21%.
In conclusion, people prefer to spend on those products directly relating to food. (1 words)
第二类：柱状图
The chart below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
范文：
The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase of decrease. In fact there is considerable fluctuations from country to country.
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30000 in 1930 to 80000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand, the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930-1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.(169 words)
第三类：饼状图
The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Units of electricity by fuel source in Australia
范文：
The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.
In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.
In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and unclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.
Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power. (206 words)
第四类：曲线图
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文：
The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.
In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.
In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (1 words)
第五类：地图题
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文：
The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.
The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-west), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages. (194 words)
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