一、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)定义:
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时。
例:Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求)
Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告)
Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)
Look out!Danger! (小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)
No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止)
二、祈使句的否定形式
祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never。如:
Don’t you be nervous!你不要紧张!
以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us/me后加not。如:
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!
但英式英语也用这样的表达:Don’t let’s say anything about it.
三、祈使句的反意疑问句
1.祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式,要用will。如:
Pass me the book,will you?
2.Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如:
Let’s go for a walk,shall we?
Let’s forget it,shall we?
3.Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“will you?”。如:
Let us go for a walk,will you?
4.其它行为动词引起的祈使句,无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句,多用“will you?”,表一种客气的语气。如:
Listen to me,will you?
Don’t tell anyone about it,will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如:
Have a cup of coffee,won’t you?
Come in and take a seat,won’t you/will you?
四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中
1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。
2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。试比较:
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)
(一)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. It's an important meeting.______ (not be) late.
2._____ (look) out!A car is coming!
3.________ (not make) any noise! The baby is sleeping.
4.Let's _______(not say) anything about it.
5.________ (not let) the baby cry.
6._____ (read) aloud,please.
7._________ (not talk) with your classmate in the class.
(二)选择题
1.Her doctor said:"____ work so hard"
A stop B Don't C can't D No
2.Sindy,____ to be here at 8 o'clock.
A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
3._____ him the secret,will you?
A Don't tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling
4.Please _____ look outside,look at the blackboard.
A not B don't C aren't D can't
5.John,read the text for us,_____ ?
A does he B will he C do you D will you
6.Let's do it at once,_____ ?
A shall we B will you C do we D do you
7.Let us do it at once,____ ?
A shall we B will you C do we D do you
8._____ in bed, It's bad for your eyes.
A Not to read B Don't read C Don't to read D Not read
9.____ smoking!
A Don't B No C Don't to D Be not
10. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
11. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
12. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we
13.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
A not they B do not they C don’t they D not to
14 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest? -- All right.
A Why not B How about C Why not to D why don’t
15. Just _________ to him, and you will see how unusual he is!
A. to listen B. listen C. listened D. listening
16. _________ the footpath and you’ll eventually hit the road.
A. Follow B. Following C. Followed D. to follow
17. _________ your radio down, or you’ll wake the neighbors.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Having turned D. Turn
18. _________ a bit closer and you’ll be able to see better.
A. To come B. Coming C. Having come D. Come
19. Make sure the iron isn’t too hot _________ you’ll burn the cloth.
A. and B. or C. yet D. so
20. Don’t loosen your grip on the rope _________ you’ll fall.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
21. Come on, get moving _________ you’ll be late for school.
A. but B. and C. or D. so
22. Be quiet or you_________ the whole house!
A. are waking B. have waken C. will wake D. wake
23. Keep to the path or you _________ your way.
A. are losing B. have lost C. will lose D. lose
(一)1. Don`t 2. Look 3. Don`t 4. not say 5. Don`t let 6. Read 7. Don`t talk
(二)1-5 BDABD 6-10 ABBBA 11-15 BBCBB 16-20 ADDBC 21-23 CCC