1. 在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句
It seems as if it’s going to rain.
2. 引导方式状语从句
Nick behaved as if he hadn’t grown up.
3. as if从句用虚拟语气,表示句子说述的是不真实或很少有可能发生、存在的事情。
(1)从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。
Sam talks as if he were a millionaire.
(2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”。
Nick sat there as if he had fallen asleep.
(3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。
It looks as if it might rain.
4. as if从句所述是真实的或是很有可能发生或存在的情况,则用陈述语气。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
5. as if从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样形成“as if + 名词/不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词”。
Bob acts as if (he were) a fool.
Vicky went into the room as if (she were) in search of something.
翻译:
麦克看着我好像真有话要说。
Mike looked at me as if he wanted to say something.
汤姆说起纽约来好像他以前真去过一样。
Tom talked about New York as if he had been there before.
保罗觉得仿佛自己曾和这位年轻女子在某个地方相遇过。
Paul felt as if he had met this young lady somewhere.
If真实条件句
假设过去:
If tall chimneys were built above sea level, the tunnel would be well-ventilated.
注:主句用对应的将来时。
假设现在:
If she is sleeping, I will call her later.
注:主句用对应的将来时。
假设将来:
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
If真实条件句是一般现在时,主句是一般将来时或情态动词、祈使句、疑问句等,“主情从现,主将从现。”
“主将从现”还在时间状语从句中应用
If 真实条件句的各种时态 | If从句 | 主句 |
假设过去 | 过去的各种时态 | 过去将来时 |
假设现在 | 现在的各种时态 | 一般将来时 |
假设将来 | 一般现在时(替代将来) | 一般将来时 |
省略if可以倒装(变一般疑问句的方法),主句不变
If you had joined us, we would h4ave had more fun.
Had you joined us, we would have had more fun.
If I were you, I would think it twice.
Were I you, I would think it twice.
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.
Had there not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.
假设现在 | |
If从句(从句往前推) | 主句(4+1) |
一般过去时 | |
Did/were(be动词只能用were) | Could+ do |
Would+ do | |
Should+ do | |
Might+ do | |
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner! If I could rearrange the alphabet, I would put U and I together. | |
假设将来,将来同现在 | |
If从句 | 主句(4+1) |
一般过去时 | |
Did/were(be动词只能用were) | Could+ do |
Were to do | Would+ do |
Should do | Should+ do |
Might+ do | |
假设过去 | |
If从句(从句往前推) | 主句(4+1) |
过去完成时 | |
Had done | Could+ have done |
Would+ have done | |
Should+ have done | |
Might+ have done | |
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.被动 |
Suggest,advise,propose,recommend/order/ask,demand,insist,request…
The engineers proposed that they (should) look at the design again.
The professor recommended me (should) look for the information in the library.
The workers demanded they (should) be given the wages they should get.被动
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do,