
班级: 姓名: 学号:
I: Multiple Choice
第一章 语言与语言学
1. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of ___.
A. A particular language B. The system of a particular language
C. Human languages in general D. The English language
2.In William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet said "What's in a name? That which we
call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." This illustrates ___.
A. the arbitrary nature of language
B. the big difference between human language and animal communication
C. the creative nature of language
D. the universality of language
3. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?
A. Productive. B. Dual. C. Symbolic D. Arbitrary
4. Who put forward the distinction between langue and parole?
A. M.A.K. Halliday B. Ferdinand de Saussure C. Noam Chomsky D. Charles Hockett
5. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences
he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ___.
A. duality B. arbitrary C. displacement D. Productivity
6. The ____ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.
A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative
7. Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language. Consequently, modern linguistics emphasizes the importance of language data collected from ___.
A. newspapers and magazines B. writing by the famous writers
C. the language people actually speak D. radio broadcasts
8. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called ___.
A. interchangeability B. cultural transmission
C. productivity D. arbitrariness
9.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ___.
A. Descriptive B. linguistic C. prescriptive D. analytic linguistic
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Language is a system. B. Animals also have language.
C. Language is symbolic. D. Language is arbitrary.
11. According to Noam Chomsky, which of the following is seen as the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language?
A. Competence. B. Parole. C. Performance D. Langue
12. Our linguistic ability is a ___ gift of the species' gene program.
A. biological B. physical C. scientific D. chemical
13. The description of a language at some point in time is a ___ study.
A. diachronic B. prescriptive C. descriptive D. synchronic
14. One of the properties of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is ___.
A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness
15. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by ___.
A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness
16. Cultural transmission is one of the ____features of language.
A. suprasegmental B. pragmatic C. distinctive D. design
17. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not lay down rules for "correct " linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A. descriptive B. sociolinguistic C. prescriptive D. psycholinguistic
18. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?
A. Native English words B. Borrowed words C. Onomatopoeic words D. One-syllable words
19. Saussure took a(n) ____ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ___ point of view.
A. sociological, psychological B. psychological, sociological
C. Applied, pragmatic D. Semantic, linguistic
20. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___.
A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable
第二章 语音学与音系学
1. The tone, defined as variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as ____.
A. Chinese B. English C. Chinese and English D. English and French
2. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as /t/, /l/ and /z/ can be labeled as ____ ones.
A. dental B. bilabial C. velar D alveolar
3. Of the following sound combinations, only ____ is permissible according to the sequentla1 rules in English.
A. kibl B. bkil C ilkb D. ilbk
4. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is the most flexible.
A lip B. mouth C. vocal cord D. tongue
5. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal
6. ____ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A . /z / B. /d / C. /k/ D. /b/
7. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by "copying" a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____.
A. identical B. similar C. exactly alike D. same
8. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____.
A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution
C. the allophones D. minimal pair
9. The sound /f/ is a ____.
A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodentals fricative
l0. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A. back B. central C. front D. middle
11. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____.
A. suprasegmental features B. immediate constituents
C. phonetic components D. semantic features
12. A(n)____is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme
13. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones
14. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?
A. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme.
B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.
C. Allophones distinguish meaning·
D. Allophones are language specific.
15. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ____.
A. intonation B. tone C. phoneme D. sentence stress
16. Which of the following is also called "semivowels ?
A. fricatives B. liquids C. affricates D. glides
17. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants /f/, /v/ are ____.
A. denta1 B. alveolar C. palatal D. labiodental
18. In terms of manners of articulation, the sounds /p/, /b/, /t/,/d/, /k/,/g/ are ____.
A. bilabial B. stops C. affricates D. fricatives
19. What is your understanding of "the Adam’s apple” ?
A. Part of Adam’s body. B. The front part of larynx.
C. The top of larynx. D. A kind of apple.
20. Which of the following is NOT a velar sound?
A. /k/ B. /ŋ/ C. /v/ D./g/
第三 章 形态学
1. ____ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.
A. Derivation B. Blending C. Abbreviation D. Compounding
2. Words such as "telex " and "workfare "are created through ____.
A. blending B. compounding C. conversion D. affixation
3. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “internationalism” should be referred to as a ____.
A. root B. stem C. prefix D. suffix
4. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
A. Happiness. B. Television. C. Ecology. D. Teacher.
5. Which of the following words is a derivative?
A. Able. B. Pet. C. Dusty. D. Change.
6. How many morphemes are there in the word “disarmed”?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4 D. 5
7. When "-ing" in "gangling" is removed to get a verb "gangle", we call this way of creating words ____.
A. suffixing B. compounding C. back-formation D. acronymy
8. The phoneme "vision" in the common word “television” is a(n) ____.
A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme
9. As is known ____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language.
A. words B. sentences C. phonemes D. morphemes
10. “-s” in the word "books" is ____.
A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root
11. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____.
A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic
12. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the
meaning of a compound____.
A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components
B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes
C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase
D. none of the above
13. Bound morphemes are those that ____.
A. have to be used independently B. cannot be combined with other morphemes
C. have to be combined with other morphemes D. can either be free or bound
14. As one of the affixes, a prefix is ____.
A. below the stem B. after the stem
C. before the stem D. in the middle of the stem
15. ____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
A. syntax B. grammar C. morphology D. morpheme
16. Which one of the following is NOT a suffix for adjectives?
A. -ous . B. -ness C. -al D.-able
17. ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes
18. The stem of the word “disengagements” is ____.
A. engagement B. disengage C. engage D. disengagement
19. Which of the following words is a derivational one?
A. Cocktail B. Reads C. Establishment D. Kids
20. ____ and ____ can constitute a compound.
A. A stem, an affix B. A free morpheme; a free morpheme
C. A root, an affix D. A prefix, a suffix
II: Define the following terms
2. parole p.4
3. competence p.5
4. performance p.5
5. synchronic study p.4
6. diachronic study p.4
7. IPA p.17
8. phonetics p.15/22
9. narrow transcription p.17
10. phonology p.22
11. phoneme p.23
12. phone p.23
13. allophone p.23
14. assimilation rules p.26
15. suprasegmental features p.27
16. morpheme p.32
17. morph p.33
18. allomorph p.33
19. free morpheme p.33
20. bound morpheme p.33
21. inflectional morpheme p.35
22. derivational morpheme p.35
23 compounding pp.38-39
24. conversion p.100
25. derivation p.37
语言学期中测试
班级: 姓名: 学号:
I: Multiple Choice
第一章 语言与语言学
1. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of ___.
A. A particular language B. The system of a particular language
C. Human languages in general D. The English language
2.In William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet said "What's in a name? That which we
call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." This illustrates ___.
A. the arbitrary nature of language
B. the big difference between human language and animal communication
C. the creative nature of language
D. the universality of language
3. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?
A. Productive. B. Dual. C. Symbolic D. Arbitrary
4. Who put forward the distinction between langue and parole?
A. M.A.K. Halliday B. Ferdinand de Saussure C. Noam Chomsky D. Charles Hockett
5. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences
he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ___.
A. duality B. arbitrary C. displacement D. Productivity
6. The ____ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.
A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative
7. Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language. Consequently, modern linguistics emphasizes the importance of language data collected from ___.
A. newspapers and magazines B. writing by the famous writers
C. the language people actually speak D. radio broadcasts
8. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called ___.
A. interchangeability B. cultural transmission
C. productivity D. arbitrariness
9.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ___.
A. Descriptive C. prescriptive
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Language is a system. B. Animals also have language.
C. Language is symbolic.
11. According to Noam Chomsky, which of the following is seen as the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language?
A. Competence. B. Parole. Performance D. Langue
12. Our linguistic ability is a ___ gift of the species' gene program.
A. biological B. physical C. scientific D. chemical
13. The description of a language at some point in time is a ___ study.
A. diachronic B. prescriptive C. descriptive D. synchronic
14. One of the properties of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is ___.
A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness
15. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by ___.
A. duality B. productivity C. displacement . arbitrariness
16. Cultural transmission is one of the ____features of language.
A. suprasegmental B. pragmatic C. distinctive D. design
17. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not lay down rules for "correct " linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A. descriptive B. sociolinguistic C. prescriptive . psycholinguistic
18. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?
A. Native English words B. Borrowed words C. Onomatopoeic words D. One-syllable words
19. Saussure took a(n) ____ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ___ point of view.
A. sociological, psychological B. psychological, sociological
C. Applied, pragmatic D. Semantic, linguistic
20. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___.
A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable
第二章 语音学与音系学
1. The tone, defined as variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as ____.
A. Chinese B. English C. Chinese and English D. English and French
2. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as /t/, /l/ and /z/ can be labeled as ____ ones.
A. dental B. bilabial C. velar D alveolar
3. Of the following sound combinations, only ____ is permissible according to the sequentla1 rules in English.
A. kibl B. bkil C ilkb D. ilbk
4. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is the most flexible.
A lip B. mouth C. vocal cord D. tongue
5. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal
6. ____ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A . /z / B. /d / C. /k/ /b/
7. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by "copying" a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____.
A. identical B. similar C. exactly alike D. same
8. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____.
A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution
C. the allophones D. minimal pair
9. The sound /f/ is a ____.
A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodentals fricative
l0. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A. back B. central C. front D. middle
11. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____.
A. suprasegmental features B. immediate constituents
C. phonetic components D. semantic features
12. A(n)____is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme
13. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones
14. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?
A. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme.
B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.
C. Allophones distinguish meaning·
D. Allophones are language specific.
15. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ____.
A. intonation B. tone . phoneme D. sentence stress
16. Which of the following is also called "semivowels ?
A. fricatives B. liquids C. affricates D. glides
17. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants /f/, /v/ are ____.
A. denta1 B. alveolar C. palatal D. labiodental
18. In terms of manners of articulation, the sounds /p/, /b/, /t/,/d/, /k/,/g/ are ____.
A. bilabial B. stops ricates ricatives
19. What is your understanding of "the Adam’s apple” ?
A. Part of Adam’s body. B. The front part of larynx.
C. The top of larynx. D. A kind of apple.
20. Which of the following is NOT a velar sound?
A. /k/ B. /ŋ/ C. /v/ D./g/
第三 章 形态学
1. ____ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.
A. Derivation B. Blending C. Abbreviation D. Compounding
2. Words such as "telex " and "workfare "are created through ____.
A. blending B. compounding C. conversion D. affixation
3. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “internationalism” should be referred to as a ____.
A. root B. stem refix D. suffix
4. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
A. Happiness. B. Television. C. Ecology. D. Teacher.
5. Which of the following words is a derivative?
A. Able. B. Pet. C. Dusty. D. Change.
6. How many morphemes are there in the word “disarmed”?
A. 2. B. 3.
7. When "-ing" in "gangling" is removed to get a verb "gangle", we call this way of creating words ____.
A. suffixing C. back-formation
8. The phoneme "vision" in the common word “television” is a(n) ____.
A. bound morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme
9. As is known ____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language.
A. words D. morphemes
10. “-s” in the word "books" is ____.
A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root
11. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____.
A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic
12. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the
meaning of a compound____.
A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components
B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes
C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase
D. none of the above
13. Bound morphemes are those that ____.
A. have to be used independently B. cannot be combined with other morphemes
C. have to be combined with other morphemes D. can either be free or bound
14. As one of the affixes, a prefix is ____.
A. below the stem B. after the stem
C. before the stem D. in the middle of the stem
15. ____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
A. syntax B. grammar C. morphology D. morpheme
16. Which one of the following is NOT a suffix for adjectives?
A. -ous . B. -ness C. -al D.-able
17. ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes B. Suffixes
18. The stem of the word “disengagements” is ____.
A. engagement C. engage D. disengagement
19. Which of the following words is a derivational one?
A. Cocktail B. Reads C. Establishment D. Kids
20. ____ and ____ can constitute a compound.
A. A stem, an affix B. A free morpheme, a free morpheme
C. A root, an affix D. A prefix, a suffix
II: Define the following terms
1. langue p.4
2. parole p.4
3. competence p.5
4. performance p.5
5. synchronic study p.4
6. diachronic study p.4
7. IPA p.17
8. phonetics p.15/22
9. narrow transcription p.17
10. phonology p.22
11. phoneme p.23
12. phone p.23
13. allophone p.23
14. assimilation rules p.26
15. suprasegmental features p.27
16. morpheme p.32
17. morph p.33
18. allomorph p.33
19. free morpheme p.33
20. bound morpheme p.33
21. inflectional morpheme p.35
22. derivational morpheme p.35
23 compounding pp.38-39
24. conversion p.100
25. derivation p.37
南京师范大办生学士学位课程考试
英语专业
《英语语言学》 课程考试卷
I. Multiple Choice ( 20x1)
Directons: You are supposed to choose the best out of the four choices and write the
letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in the TABLE.
1. What are the dual structures of language?
A. Sounds and letters. B. Sounds and meaning
C. Letters and meaning D. Sounds and symbols.
2. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?
A. Landlady B. Greenhouse C. Uplift D. Unacceptable
3. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?
A. Language is a system. B. Language is symbolic.
C. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary
4. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?
A. Saussure B. Chomsky Halliday D. Anonymous
5. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language?
A. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue
6. The study of the way listeners perceive the sounds is called ____.
A. acoustic phonetics B. auditory phonetics C. articulatory phonetics D. phonology
7. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in ____.
A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of airstream
C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips
8. Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?
A. Phonetics. B. Phonology. C. Semantics. D. Pragmatics.
9. Which studies the sound systems in a certain language?
ics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
10. Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?
B. Syntax C. Phonology D. Semantics
11. ______ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.
A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Sense relation D. Concept
12. ______is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act
13. Historical linguistics explores __________.
A. the nature of language change B. the causes that lead to language change
C. the relationship between languages D. all of the above
14. Language change is essentially a matter of change _____.
A. in collocations B. in meaning C. in grammar D. in usages
15. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _____.
A. use of words B. use of structures C. accent D. morphemes
16. ______ in a person's speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.
A B. Changes in emotions
C. Variation in connotations D. Stylistic variation
17. Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure and dynamics of______.
A. human brain B. human vocal cords C. human memory D. human
18. Linguistic _____ is the brain's neurological specialization for language.
A. fossilization B. performance C. competence D. lateralization
19. In first language acquisition, imitation plays _____.
role B. a significant role C. a basic role D. no rule
20. In general, a good second language learner is an adolescent_____.
A. who has a strong and well-defined motivation to learn
B. who seeks out all chances to interact with the input
C. who is willing to identify himself with the culture of the target language community
D. all the above
II. Define the following terms (6x5)
Directions: You are supposed to write each of the following definitions in the corresponding space.
1. productivity
2. context
3. sentence and utterance
4. regional dialect and sociolect
5. psycholinguistics
6. interlanguage
Ill. Decide whether the statements are true or false (10x1)
Directions: You are supposed to put your answer T (true) or F (false) for each sentence into the corresponding space in the TABLE.
1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment
2. A stem first of all
3. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world.
4. In most cases, l idioms and collocations.
5. The use of the term 'implicature' is different from 'implication' in that i relationship between two propositions.
6. The defining properties of human language that distinguish it
7. There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our
8. Modem linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language as secondary.
9. Descriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for 'correct' language use, i.e., t they should say and what should not say.
10. Phonology is the branch of
IV. Answer the following questions (4x10).
Directions: You are supposed to answer each of the following questions in the corresponding space.
1. What are the possible causes of language change?
2. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure
They knew that the senator would win the election.
3. What is arbitrariness? Illustrate it with examples
4. What do you think of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Give examples or proof to support your point of view.
