冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,只能用在名词之前。冠词有定冠词the和不定冠词a和an。定冠词the可以用在单数可数名词，复数名词和不可数名词之前，不定冠词a和an只能用在单数可数名词之前。
一．不定冠词a/an的用法
（一）a和an的用法区别
| a | 用在以辅音音素开头的单词、字母、数字等前面。 | a book /buk/一本书； a pen /pen/一支钢笔； a “c”/si:/一个字母“c”；a “nine”/ naɪn/一个数字“9” |
| an | 用在以元音音素开头的单词、字母、数字等前面。 | an English /ˈɪŋglɪʃ / book 一本英语书； an apple /ˈæpl /一个苹果； an “f”/ef/一个字母“f”（字母f的首音素为/e/）； an “eight”/ eɪt /一个数字“8”(数字eight的首音素为/eɪ/) |
| 注意：判断一个词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。注意以下几种特殊情况：an hour/ˈaʊə(r) /一个小时（hour中的 h不发音）；a one-year /wʌn /-old boy 一个一岁的男孩(数字one的首音素为/w/)。 | ||
| 1.用在单数可数名词前，表示泛指"一个"。 | I am a student. 我是一个学生。 My father is a teacher. 我爸爸是一个老师。 This is an egg. 这是一个鸡蛋。 I have an eraser. 我有一块橡皮。 |
| 2. 表示"一个"（相当于one） | An apple a day keeps the doctors away．一天一个苹果，医生远离我。 |
| 3.用在固定搭配中 | a few一些； a little一点，一些；a lot of许多；have a cold感冒； have a good time玩得愉快；have a break/rest 休息一下； have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look游泳/步行/谈话/跳舞/看一看 |
| 1. the +单数可数名词/复数名词/不可数名词（表示特指"这个，这些"） | The books on the desk are very interesting. 桌子上的这些书很有趣。 The water in the river is good. 这条河里的水很好。 |
| 2.the + 独一无二的事物 | the sun太阳；the earth地球；the moon月亮； the sea大海； the world世界 |
| 3.the + 发明物 | the telephone /computer.电话/电脑 |
| 4.the +方位名词 | on the left/right在左/右边； in the east/west/north/south of China在中国的东/西/北/南部 |
| 5.the +西洋乐器名词 | play the violin/ piano 拉小提琴/弹钢琴。 |
| 6.the +序数词/形容词最高级 (注意：副词最高级前即可以加the，也可以不加the) | the first lesson第一课 Tom is the tallest student in our class and runs (the) fastest. 汤姆是我们班里最高的学生并且跑得最快。 |
| 7.用在固定搭配中 | do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服 ；go to the hotel去住旅馆； go to the cinema去看电影 |
| 1.复数名词和不可数名词，表示泛指，不加冠词。 | I like reading books. 我喜欢读书。 Water is necessary to us. 水对于我们是必不可少的。 |
| 2. 名词前已有所有格或作定语的物主代词（my, your, his, her等），指示代词（this/ these, that/those），不定代词（some, any等）时，不加冠词。 | This is Tom’s book.这是汤姆的书。 These flowers are beautiful.这些花很漂亮。 |
| 3.在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类名词前，不加冠词。 | Spring comes after winter.冬天过去了就是春天。 Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十号，星期四，是教师节。 He likes playing basketball/chess.他喜欢打篮球/下棋。 |
| 4．表交通工具或通信手段的名词与by连用时，不加冠词。 （注意：不与by连用时，要加冠词） | by bike/ car/bus/train 骑自行车/乘汽车/乘火车 by plane乘飞机 by boat/ship乘船 by radio/ telephone通过无线电/打电话 （on a bike骑自行车 in a car乘汽车） |
| 5.用在固定搭配中 | go home回家； go to work去上班；go to bed/ school去睡觉/上学；at noon/night在中午/夜晚；at home在家； at work在工作 |
一．用适当的冠词填空
1. Mr. Li is ____ old worker.
2. Look at ____ picture! There’s ____ house in it.
3. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.
4. Tom is ___ kind boy. All ___ students love him.
5. Meimei is ___ best student in her class.
6. ___ earth is one of ____ sun’s planets.
7. Mary is ___ cleverer of the two girls.
8. --How long did you stay there ?
--About half ___ hour.
9._______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world.
10. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.
11. Beijing is _______ beautiful city.
12. There is _______ old book on the desk. _______ old book is Mary’s.
13.His sister likes playing ______ piano.
14. She has _______ orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice.
15. At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby.
二．单句改错
1.What a interesting story it is!
2. Kate sometimes plays violin before supper.
3.I sometimes play the table tennis after school.
4. We can’t see sun at night.
5. There is a “s” in the word “bus”.
6. The Huanghe River is in north of China.
7.A book on the desk is mine.
8.I have new pen and I like it very much .
9.I go to school by a bike.
10. My father is an teacher.
答案：
一．1. an 2. the; a 3.an; the 4. a ; the 5.the 6.The;the 7.the 8.an 9. The; the 10.the 11.a 12.an; the 13.the 14.an; the 15.a
二．1.a—an 2. violin之前加 the 3.去掉the 4. sun 之前加 the 5.a—an 6. north 之前加 the 7.A—The 8. new 之前加a 9. 去掉a 10.an--a
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