
Ⅰ 冠词与普通名词
冠词类指用法,即冠词与名词连用泛指一类的人或物,下定义。
定冠词+单数名词
The church is a building where Christians go to worship.
不定冠词+单数名词
A bank manager is someone who is in charge of a local bank.
零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词
Running water is water that flows and not keep in a pool or a container.
定冠词常用来表示独一无二的事物。例如:
The Koran is the sacred book of the Muslims.
The Pope is to visit some East countries next month.
Ⅱ冠词与其它名词
1 在乐器名称之前常用定冠词,而在球类、棋类等文体活动名称之前通常用零冠词。例如:
Tom plays the accordion and I the violin.
How about a game of bridge?
2 在度量衡名称前常用定冠词,但在许多情况下,既可用定冠词,也可用不定冠词。例如:
We are paid by the hour/the piece.
My watch gains 12 seconds a day.
There are 16 ounces to the pound/in a pound.
It sells at two dollars the pound/a pound.
3 在职位、职称、官阶、职业等名称之前通常用零冠词,特别是当这类词组出现在主语补语或宾语补语位置时。例如:
We elected her monitor of our class.=We elected her our monitor.
Who’s captain of the ship?
They elected him general manager of the company.
4 在季节名称之前,如果表示某某季节的性质,通常用零冠词;但若表示特定的时段,则用定冠词。例如:
If Winter comes ,can Spring be far behind?
The summit conference was scheduled to take place in the spring.
night,day,morning等名词前也是同样的:
During harvest, we have to work hard from day to night.
5在by-词组中交通工具名称之前通常用零冠词,但在其他情况下则用定冠词或不定冠词。比较:
It’s much cheaper to ship goods by road than by air.
He took a/ the tube to Victoria.
I would like to go there by bus.
It is very expensive to take a taxi in Xi’an.
6 疾病名称前(包括以-s结尾的疾病名称),通常用零冠词。例如:
Smoking can causes cancer in the lungs.
AIDS is a fatal disease.
某些小病名称,通常用不定冠词:
I’m having a cold/ a sore throat/ a cough.
I’ve caught a chill.
7 在餐食名称前通常用零冠词,但若特指某一次的餐食则用定冠词或不定冠词。例如:
Dinner was already waiting for her.
I am to give a dinner for gusts form Japan.
How did you enjoy the dinner last night.
但若餐食名称前带前置修饰语通常用不定冠词:
A relaxed breakfast is itself an enjoyment.
I had a late supper last night.
8.bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, office, prison, sea, school, table等名词前,如果带定冠词或不定冠词则表示各该名词所表示的处所;若带零冠词,则表示各该处所得功能。例如:
Before the war there used to be a school in the village.
The boy is old enough for school.
When we go to the church, the wedding ceremony had already began.
He is in/ at church. (在做礼拜)
When I saw him, he was dozing at the table.
They were at table when we called.
(10) 在某些与动词同形的名词前用定冠词可表示一种相关的运动状态。例如:
The number of students in this school has been constantly on the increase.
Don’t jump off the train when it is on the move.
We have been on the go all day.
A taxi driver came to the/ his rescue and took him to hospital.
(11) 在某些单数名词前用定冠词可表示与各该名词相关的抽象意义。例如:
The music is pleasant to the ear.
The landscape was really easy on the eye.
He is a bit too fond of the bottle. (他有点贪杯。)
In the agreement you’ve hit it on the nose.
(12) 在某些介词词组中表示人体部位的名词之前用定冠词客表示击中、捉住某人某部位等意义。例如:
She seized the boy by the collar.
The ball happened to hit him in the face.
Somebody patted me on the shoulder.
