高定价2004年高考备考研讨会英语科讲座

technology information-seeking

2004年高考备考研讨会英语科讲座

北京钢铁学院附中张铁城

一、2004年“考试说明”要点不变：基本“指导思想：稳定中，求发展”。

（1）向国外先进外语教学寻求发展：只考查语言能力。不考查语言知识。

（2）考虑我国外语教学的现状：还要以考查知识为辅，以求稳定。

（3）要求考查实际情景中的交际能力以及相关能力，逐步加大力度。

（4）现实局限：只考听、读、写以及“语言知识”四部分，暂时不考“口试”。

（5）听力理解部分：“该项语言技能的重要性日益明显。”

（6）“语言知识”部分：“单项填空”“强调应用”，其“情境理解和语言运用的味道浓

厚”。

“完形填空”“是综合性题型，既考查词汇知识，也考查阅读理解能力。”

（7） “阅读理解”“在试卷中占比重较大”。

（8）“短文改错”题，既考查知识又考查阅读能力，没有整体理解便不能完成。

（9）“书面表达”题，测试在“特定情景中，按特定要求”的表达能力。

二、 004年高考复习的基本方法

1.英语备考须知例一：All the larky toapes frabjously breadled into a paraful groal.

例二：路透社讯：2003年7月9日在意大利北部城市帕多瓦举行第七届世界机器人足球锦标赛，图为赛前球员们站在足球面前各就各位。（Team of robots positioned in front of the ball prior to the start of their match during the Seventh Soccer World Championship for Robots in Padua, northern Italy, on July 9. REUTERS ）从以上的两个例子可以看到，英语的三项语法基本要素。

（1）三项语法基本要素：

其一，英语与汉语的“词序”word order或“语序”不一样；

其二，汉语没有英语那样的“结构词”structural words，如：介词、连词、代词、关系代（副）词、情态（助）动词、冠词、常用副词等

等“小词”或虚词。它们仅占英语词汇总量的1%以下，但是在语篇（文章，书刊、对话）中却占全部词数的50%左右。

其三，汉语没有英语那样的“词形变化和构词法”（inflexion and word building）。

词形变化包括：名、代词性、数、格以及动词变位、时态和形、副词比较级、最高级等等。构词法有三种: compounding（composition）合成,conversion转换 and derivation派生。

（2）七百至一千个基本词汇：掌握700-1,000个单词，便能够听懂、读懂75%---80.5%的英语。※加大复现率※包括：结构词，常用动词（包括特殊变化的约90多个动词）、名词、形容词。

2. 英语备考活动模式---“交际法模式”之九要素：CLOUD FREE 其含义简述如下：

（1）内容（Content）：要重点关注语篇内容，不仅关注其形式（即：语法，词汇，语音）。更要关注“交际话题”，以“报刊杂志原汁原味原文”语料为教材；“英语学习”，“英语文摘”，“参考消息：周一版”，“简易对照阅读文学”，“21st century”等等都是“高考备考主力材料”。也可使用一套“托福试题”。

（2）学生（Learner）：学生自主学习，以“英英辞典”为师，培养学生的学习策略、方法与情感态度。介绍三本“英英辞典”: （“交际法模式”详见：“中国教育报”2003年3月12日及4月9日）

1、ALD: OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY / 牛津高阶英汉双解词典

2、LONGMAN: LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH / 朗文双解词典

3、LONGMAN（百科全书类）: LONGMAN MODERN ENGLISH DICTIONARY

（3）口语（Oracy）：永远坚持听说领先，以“口语”为中心，带动听说读写，以“口试模式”全面备考。

（4）使用（Usage）：坚持“综合使用英语”。时时处处以学过的英语为工具，经常参与交际交流。

（5）语篇（Discourse）：无论水平高低，均以语篇为备考单位，切忌背诵“英汉对照单词表”。以近12年（1992-2003）的高考试题语篇为备考精读材料。阅读聆听“全国公共英语等级考试2、3级”教材。

（6）流利（Fluency）：“取法于上，仅得其中。取法于中，故为其下。”口笔语要高标准，做到流利流畅。

（7）真实性（Realistic）：多接触，多听、多读“原汁原味的真实的英语原文原著。”※重点不是“课本”

（8）趣味性（Entertaining）：以英语为友，为己所好，培养兴趣，加深情感，端正态度。选材要广博。

（9）高效率（Efficiency）：输入输出英语不追求表面形式，要求：高标准，高速度，高密度，高效率。

三、2004年高考复习具体方法------英语学科备考特色

1、把单词放在语篇中学习与记忆的方法符合语言心理学的原则怎样记忆的，便怎样回忆起来。

语言心理学家M. Anisfeld认为：“Things that are stored together tend to be recovered together.”

译文：“一起储存起来的东西往往一起被回忆起来。”

语言心理学家M.L. Hunter认为：“Present together things to be remembered together.”

译文：“规定一起记忆的东西，要一起讲授。”

2、以3/4的精力操练“真实语篇”，以1/4的精力搞课本。2000高考试题分析一书p.225：指出：高中学生在学习过程中所见到的文章---“课本语篇”---较多‘温室中的花朵’，这类文章通常：（1）较少特定性，较多普遍性；（2）较少修辞文采（真实语篇的修辞），较多直接阐述；（3）较少真实性，较多通用性；（4）较少个性，较多共性；（5）较少隐蔽性，较多明确性；（6）较少模糊性，较多清晰性；（7）较少暗义，较多明义；（8）较少想象空间，较多说明解释。※最好阅读1—2本英汉对照杂志“英语文摘”（订购处: 邮局，代号：2—716）

3、高考备考要纠偏：偏了语言，应重视内容。偏了例子，应重视数量。偏了分析，应重视朗读。偏了理解，应重视背诵。（※每日利用３－６次１０－１５分钟零碎时间，朗读背诵默写英语语篇）。

四、备考策略口诀：

1、背默语篇一百天，高考应试不再难。

2、熟读真题十二年，整体输入三百篇。

3、关注内容自主学，查阅英英大辞典。

4、对镜口笔实景练，改写拓展善应战。

5、真实英语流利记，崇尚情趣讲效率。

6、研读锤炼七百词，复现之中补差距。

唐太宗“帝范四”：“取法于上，仅得其中，取法于中，故为其下。”心理学：以超常智学生的标准，要求常智学生。（※阅读聆听杭州出版的“英语画刊高中版” 订购邮局，代号：4-717/8 价格：4元一本）

五、“高考听力”为中心，强调应用，注重实际，搞综合能力训练（听、读、说、写、译、背、演）

2003年听力首次全面按30分计入总分。听力大题难度0., 比2001的0.58和2002的0.54容易许多。

（1）03 全国卷1.What is the man going to do? A. Open the window. B. Find another room. C. Go out with the woman.（但是，第一题，第2句语速明显过快。六个词连读成一片。）

Key: A 原文：（※务必背诵，表演，默写这个对话。）（27words,12seconds,135wpm.）

--- Excuse me, but it’s a bit hot in here. Isn’t it any care if I open the window? （值得注意！）

--- Fine with me. I feel a little hot, too. （但是题干部分速度适中，不影响答题。）

（2）98.10托福1. What will the woman probably do on Saturday? （造成心理压力与03-1相似。）

A. Go to the basketball game.

B. Try to postpone the game.（37words,11seconds,198wpm.）

C. Go to work.

D. Change her work schedule. Key: C 原文：（※务必背诵，表演，默写这个对话。）

--- A bunch of us are getting together to go to the basketball game on Saturday afternoon. You want to come? （※建议：购买精听一套“托福”等国外考试真题或模拟题）

--- Oh, I’d love to, but I have to work. （※不求完全听懂，听毕，以其原文为阅读材料。）

（3）03 全国卷3. What do we know about mother and son? 答案：C （全国：34.1%）

A. She wants to tell him the result of the game.（15.4%考生误选A）

B. She doesn’t like him to watch TV.

C. She knows which team he supports.

Text 3原文：--- Mum, I’m watching today’s football game on tape. If you happen to know the score, please don’t tell me. （31 words, 13 seconds, 156wpm.）

--- OK. But it’s not you’re not going to like it. （连读）

分析：听力理解能力与阅读理解相近---需要“改写能力”的支持。Question 3. What do we know about mother and son?（常识：知子莫如母。）与其正确选项C. She knows which team he supports.之和是听力原文中母亲对儿子说的话But it’s not you’re not going to like it.这个句子的改写，或“换句话说i.e., in other words, that is（to say）”。

（4）03全国卷最难小题：（江苏：33.33%, 全国：33%）Text 8（170 words, 70 seconds, 144wpm）

Question 12.Why does the woman say her husband is fortunate?

A. He often goes to work in a friend’s car.

B. He doesn’t need to go shopping by bus.

C. He lives close to the bus station. 答案：A（全国：37% 考生误选C 项）

原文：Text 8（※务必背诵，表演，默写这个对话。）（Text 8中出现一定数量的连读，值得注意。）

--- Hello, Mrs. Smith. I’m from the Daily Mirror. I’m right doing reports on public opinion about the city bus service.（连读）So, what do you think about the bus service?

--- The bus service? Actually I don’t use yet bus often unless I have to go shopping.

--- What’s er… How could the bus service be improved?

--- Well, they could turn up（连读）on time. I mean, you look at the timetable and you think:“Oh, well, five minutes to wait.”And it turns（连读）out to be an hour.

--- Do any other people in your family use the bus service?

--- My husband, he uses that more often. But fortunately a girl who works in his office often gives him a lift into work. That when he does use it（连读）then he’s often angry at it. Once he waited up to fifty minutes at the station for a bus. So I think there should be some way of warning people when a bus is not going to arrive. And secondly much more frequent bus services.

分析：听力理解能力与阅读理解相近---需要“改写能力”的支持。Question 12.Why does the woman say her husband is fortunate?与其正确选项A. He often goes to work in a friend’s car. 之和，是听力原文中But fortunately a girl who works in his office often gives him a lift into work.这个句子的改写，或“换句话说i.e., in other words, that is（to say）”。

（5）03全国卷Text 10的Question 19. How long will the program last?

A.8 days.

B. 12 days.

C. 20 days. 答案：B（全国：37%, %的考生误选C.）

Text 10原文：（速度不快，但有些书面语言词汇。）（150words,75seconds, 120wpm.）

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I want to take a little of（连读）your time to let you know about the short training programme the company is now planning. The programme is called learning from adventure and it is designed to develop leadership skills. There will be lectures on public relations and management as well as outdoor activities such as climbing mountains, long-distance running and camping. You don’t need any past experience. There will be no end-of-programme test. However, the company will receive a full report on your performance. You’re sure to improve your ability to help others to realize their goals and to deal with difficult tasks under difficult conditions. The twelve-day programme will be in July. If you like, you can use part of your twenty–day paid holidays. There’s no charge for this programme. If you’re interested please write your name （连读）on this piece of paper after the meeting. Thank you.

分析：因为本文有不少大长词汇，有的长达15个字母。故，单词数量相对较小，因此，平均每分钟的读速似乎不快。但是聆听近似书面语言的长篇独白，必须具备较高的整体理解能力，否则，顾此失彼，便会产生类似第19小题的严重误选错误。如果平时进行大量的以“百词以上长度的独白”和“长对话”为“听说读写”训练单位，重视四化教学（语篇化，整体化，交际化，实用化），则长篇“整体听力能力”必然会得到提高。※2001年听力Text 1018. Who is the speaker?

A. A student.

B. A teacher.

C. An office clerk.

原文： What happened to me that day is just unbelievable. The first thing to go wrong was that all the parking spaces were taken, so I had to park on the grass and hoped that I would not get a parking ticket. When I got to the admissions office, there was already a long line of students waiting. By the time it was my turn, two of the courses I needed were filled, and I had to go back to my advisor and make out a whole new timetable. Although I did sign up for all my courses, I missed lunch. The next thing to go wrong was that the bookstore had sold out one of the textbooks required. As I was leaving I wondered what else could possibly happen. Then I saw a policeman standing beside my car and writing out a ticket.

答案 A 通过率17.4% 误选B, C项的考生分别多达24%, 58.3%

失误原因：“…绝大部分考生对国外学校课程情况了解甚少，对学生情况也了解很少。考生认为，既然说话人涉及了停车问题，那么，说话人肯定不是学生。考生这样判断问题说明他们部分地听懂了这段独白。关于背景知识问题，实在是一个应当探讨的问题。 ”

（6）03北京卷Text 9【答案】BBB （66 words, 23seconds, 208wpm.）

15. Who is going to visit the place?

A. Customers.

B. Reporters.

C. Tourists.

16. Where will the woman meet the visitors?

A. At the office.

B. At the factory.

C. At a restaurant.

17. What is the relationship between the man and the woman?

A. Teacher and student.

B. Boss and assistant.

C. Visitor and host.

原文（※务必背诵，表演，默写这个对话。）

--- You know these people who want to write about this company?

--- Yes, you’re meeting them next week, aren’t you?

--- Huh, where should I take them? The factory, perhaps?

---I suppose you prefer the office, because it is more comfortable.

---Well, I did think here. Yes, but maybe a restaurant somewhere.

--- I think they prefer to see where our products are made.

--- OK. I’ll meet them there.

（7）03北京卷Text 10【答案】ACA （180 words, 40 second, 180wpm.）

18. Why is the man angry with the woman?

A. She hasn’t kept a place for him.

B. She hasn’t got any idea who he is.

C. She hasn’t given him a phone call.

19. How is the problem solved?

A. The woman helps the man find another room.

B. The man calls to tell his friends not to come.

C. The woman manages to get the man a table.

20. What does the man do?

A. He’s a businessman.

B. He’s the head waiter.

C. He’s a policeman.

原文（※务必背诵，表演，默写这个对话。）

--- I understand how you feel sir, but there simply isn’t any room. The person who took your booking must’ve forgotten to write it down. I’m afraid it was just a mistake. He’s new, you see.

---Just a mistake? Do you realize I’ve invited some very important people to dinner? That mistake could make me lose an important business partner.

---I’m sorry, sir. I suggest you call them and explain them the problem. I’m sure you’ll find several other very good restaurants around here.

--- I can’t get in touch with them now. They’re probably on their way atthis very minute. Surely you could fit one more table in?

---Not unless you’d like me to put you in the hall, sir.

--- Oh, OK. That’s better than nothing.

（8）听写：2003年北京海淀区中考最后一个独白及其5个问题。（学习托福听力及上海听力，

听力问题不再写在“卷面”上，而是仅仅口头读出。）

（独白222words +问题50words = 272words,170 seconds. 平均语速96wpm.

其中：独白部分语速102wpm）

试卷上有书面文字只有这5个问题的选项：

1. A. On Saturday. B. On Thursday C. On Tuesday.

2. A. Three B. Four. C. Five.

3. A. His father could share his car with his neighbors.

B. Hs father often turns to his neighbors for help.

C. His father should park his car near a pool.

4. A. His homework got an F. B. The future is hopeless. C. Oil is getting less and less.

5. A. A terrible waste in his country. B. How to save energy. C. His family’s daily life.

听力原文：Key: CBACA

Last night after dinner I told my family the bad news. I had this homework to make a report on our use of energy at home for a week. Our family got an F. Tuesday night my brother Tim watched the same 2-hour movie on his TV set that we were watching in the living room. Thursday Mom ran the whole dish washing cycle for 3 cups, 2 plates, a knife and 3 little forks. That’s a lot of electricity and hot water down the drain. Dad drives 28 miles back and forth to work alone. Two men he’s worked with live nearby. And they could car pool and save about 1,000 gallons of gas a year. And me, too. I went out and left a radio on in my room all Saturday morning. So last night at the dinner table we all agreed to do everything we could to stop wasting energy. Faster showers. Full-load cars. It’s a fact that this country is using up energy faster than we produced. I read we may run out of oil for ever in 30 years. So terrible! If every person in every house on every block doesn’t do his part, the future will hardly be bright. I’m getting more and more worried about the future. Because that’s where I’m going to be.

1. When did Tim watch the 2-hour movie with his family?2. How many people are there in the speaker’s family?

3. What does the speaker mean by saying:“They could car pool”in his speech?

4. Why did the speaker say:“So terrible”?

5. What is the speaker mainly talking about in his speech?

（9）试听1999年5月托福的第1-5小题（可作为单项填空题）（A面）1.

（A）The woman doesn’t drive often .

（B）Traffic is better than it used to be .

（C）Taking public transportation saves time .

（D）The subway is crowded .

2.

（A）Wear a heavy sweater to the game .

（B）Exchange the tickets .

（C）Take care of his cold .

（D）Watch the game at home .

3.

（A）He dropped out of Professor Johnson’s class .

（B）He’ll probably take another class with Professor Johnson .

（C）Professor Johnson’s lectures were boring .

（D）Students weren’t allowed to bring drinks into Professor Johnson’s class .

4.

（A）She hasn’t received any mail yet .

（B）She doesn’t know where the post office is .

（C）She thinks the post office is nearby .

（D）A new post office has just opened .

5.

（A）Someone else told him Fred had called .

（B）The man looked for Fred at the gym. .

（C）It wasn’t really Fred who called .

（D）Fred probably borrowed someone else’s sleeping bag .

原文及答案：

1.

W: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy this time of day.

M: When you take the subway, you don’t have to deal with traffic. I neverdrive any more.

Q: What does the man imply?（C）（38 words, 13 seconds, 174 wpm.）2.

W: I’ve got two tickets to today’s game .Do you want to come along?

M: It’ll be on television, besides it’s really too cold for me.

Q: What will the man probably do?（D）（30 words , 12 seconds, 150 wpm.）

3.

W: You had Prof. Johnson before, right? How would you describe his lectures?

M: Well, let me put it this way. I could never stay awake in one of his classes without first

drinking at least two cups of coffee .

Q: What does the man imply? （C）（43 words, 16 seconds, 156 wpm.）

4.

W: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office?

M: Your guess is as good as mine. I’m new around here.

Q: What does the woman mean?（B）（29 words, 10 seconds, 174 wpm.）

5.

W: I forgot to tell you that Fred called last night to borrow your sleeping bag.

M: Oh, I saw him at the gym this morning and he didn’t say anything. So, he must have asked

somebody else.

Q: What does the man imply?（C）（41 words, 14 seconds, 174 wpm.）

（10）试听1999年5月托福的第40-42小题（可作为阅读理解题）（B 面）

40.

（A）To emphasize the hazards of wooden buildings .

（B）To explain why certain building techniques started in Chicago .

（C）To warn against building skyscrapers close together .

（D）To explain how Chicago’s early skyscrapers were destroyed .

41.

（A）It was constructed without bricks.（B）It was the tallest early skyscraper .

（C）It contained offices where victims of the fire could get help .

（D）It had an internal metal skeleton .

42.

（A）It was the first skyscraper with walls of glass .

（B）It did not have enough support for its height .

（C）It was not built by an architect from Chicago .

（D）It was the tallest skyscraper built in the 1800’s .

原文及答案：（235 words , 88 seconds, 1wpm.）

Part C Questions 40-42, listen to part of a talk in an architecture class.

Today, we’re going to take a look at the development of the skyscraper. We’ll start with some buildings in Chicago. One of the circumstances that let Chicago become home to some of the buildings now considered the prototypes for later skyscrapers was this: in 1871, there was a great fire that destroyed much of the city. It was that tragic fire that cleared the way for a new kind of city that used the new building techniques and new materials developed during the 1800’s. One of these new structures was the Home Insurance Building, completed in 1885. It was ten stories high. Now granted, that’s no higher than some of the early skyscrapers in New York City. What makes Chicago’s Home Insurance Building important is that is had true skyscraper construction with an internal metal skeleton that carried the weight of the brick exterior.

This metal-support system, along with the early development of the elevator, were the two innovations that made the later very tall industrial buildings possible. Chicago’s Reliance Building was another important building in the development of the skyscraper. It showed the architects’understanding of the possibilities of metal-frame construction. By eliminating walls and opening up the sides as a glass box. It was the first expression of the skyscraper as a glass-shelf framed in a metal grid.

40.Why does the professor mention the fire of 1871?（B）

41.What was important about the Home Insurance Building?（D）

42.What point does the professor make about the Reliance Building?（A）

六、以“高考口试”为模式，强调应用，注重实际，综合训练（听说读写、每读必写）

请做2001年北京市高考口试试题一份“2001年（5）号题” （※全文阅读准备时间不得超过5分钟。）

朗读下面短文中星号（*）间的段落。阅读整个短文，准备用英语回答主考教师此文提出的7个问题。

*I always enjoy the drive into Marley. It is a good straight road, with some pleasant views of the countryside on either side. There are woods and hills, villages and farms and, about halfway, a large lake. And because there is rarely much traffic on the road, I can usually enjoy the view as I drive along.

I was rather annoyed the other morning, therefore, when a small green car began to drive very close behind me. I went a little faster, hoping to leave the car behind. But whenever I slowed down, the little car caught up with me. The driver, a middle-aged man, was grinning and waving to me. However, I did not recognize either him or the car. *（※以上两段要求在１分钟内，朗读完毕。）

Again I began to drive a little faster but the little car caught up with me whenever I slowed down. “Perhaps I am doing something wrong, ”I thought.

I checked my lights and my indicator, but they were both in order. The man was a lunatic, I decided. Feeling rather annoyed, I drove off very fast, leaving the small green car behind. I did not slow down until I got to Marley.

There are some traffic lights just before you cross the railway bridge into Marley and, as it happened, the lights turned red as I approached. I was still waiting there when the little green car caught up with me. The driver got out and knocked on my window. I opened it. “Can I help you?”

I asked rather coldly. “I'm trying to help you! ” the man said. “You see, your number plate fell off about fifteen miles back. I tried to attract your attention, but you didn't take any notice! ”

主考教师向考生口头提出的7个问题（※要求在２分钟之内听懂并口头回答老师提出的下列口头问题。）

l. What does the author enjoy about the drive to Marley?

2. Why did the author feel annoyed when driving to Marley one morning?

3. What did the other driver do when he caught up with the author?

4. Why did the author think that the other driver was mad?

5. Why did the author stop before he crossed the railway bridge into Marley?

6. What did the other driver do after he caught up with the author again?

7.Why did the other driver follow the author all the way to Marley?

“口语作文”要求不少于十句话。* Have you ever misunderstood other people or been misunderstood by other people? Tell us about it.

上述7个问题的【答案】　　　　

l. He always enjoys the good straight road with some pleasant views of the

countryside on either

side, including woods and hills, villages and farms and a large lake, and, above all, without much

traffic on the road.

2. Because a small green car began to drive very close behind him and kept following him all the

way.

3. When the other driver caught up with the author, he started grinning and waving to him.

4. Because the author thought the other driver, a total stranger, was following him all the time for

no reason. He believed he had done nothing wrong. Both his lights and indicator were OK.

Besides he thought the man’s grinning or waving to a stranger was a bit abnormal.

5. The author stopped because the traffic lights had turned red as he approached.

6. The other driver got out and knocked on his window.

7. Because the other driver wanted to tell the author that his number plate had fallen off about

fifteen miles back on the road before he managed to catch up with him at last.“口语作文”参考范文（※要求在5分钟内拟好腹稿，并在2—3分钟内说出类似下文的二分之一。）

I was rather annoyed the other morning when a small man suddenly began to walk very close behind me.

I went a little faster, hoping to leave the man behind. But whenever I slowed down, the little man would try to catch up with me. The man, a middle-aged man, would try to say something to me, grinning and waving his hands in a meaninglessly way. However, I did not remember I had ever met him somewhere before.

My heart began to beat faster and I began to run as fast as I could. But when I was about to cross the railway bridge into the neighborhood where I live, the traffic lights turned red and the sound of a long train was heard in a short distance. I had to stop and wait. The man caught up with me at last. Out of breath and no longer able to grin or move his hand, he showed me my wallet. To my great surprise, he waited until I finished checking my wallet and found nothing missing. The dumb and deaf man went away quietly,leaving me deep in thought, ashamed of myself to have hurt such an honest and kind heart.

※练习写作可使用“全国公共英语等级考试2、3级　新思路　单项技能教材·写作”

主编张在新　高等教育出版社　定价分别为：12元和16元

七、研读、拓展备考 “经典材料”---“高考真题”（2003高考试题）

1. 2003全国卷“单项填空”大题通过率0.56

（1） 2003全国卷“单项填空”.第24题（全国：）（江苏45%）

24. --- Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to …

--- Don’t call me “Joe.”I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______ you forget it!

A. do

B. didn’t

C. did

D. don’t 答案：D

（2）2003全国卷“单项填空”.第27题（全国：0.263）（江苏31%）27. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____.

A. has grown

B. is growing

C. grew

D. had grown

分析：答案：C此题本来不难，本来只不过是测试一个最基本的时态：一般过去时。但有些考生不清楚grow可与表示抽象意义的名词搭配使用，对于这类内容的词句（真实语篇的修辞）接触的太少，少见多怪，便不知所措，竟然成为一个难题。对于经常“以英英词典为师”的考生来说，这与词典厂建例句差不多，如：LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH 朗文当代英语辞典（英语版）1995年最新版，便会在p.630 看到grow 一词之4 INCREASE的例句：De Niro’s reputation continue to grow. / Fears are growing for the safety of the crew. / growing concern/ interest / disbelief etc Scientists view the hole in the ozone layer with growing concern. 其中，reputation，fears，concern， interest，disbelief与nervousness 一样都是抽象意义的名词。而这一切，都必须在大量的阅读实践中多接触，多积累。

（3）2003全国卷“单项填空”.第28题（全国：）（江苏48%）

28. A left-luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway

station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 答案：B

（4）2003全国卷“单项填空”第30题（全国：0.317）（江苏37%）

30. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.

A. be stayed

B. stay

C. be staying

D. have stayed 答案：B

分析：此题也不难，本来只不过是测试一个最基本的时态：一般将来时。但有些考生不清楚stay可表示remain的含义，便不知所措，胡乱猜测，竟然成为一个难题。原因还是平时没有“以英英词典为师”，根本没有使用词典“研读最基本的700-1.000常用词汇”的习惯。如果查阅OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY 19-1994版, 便会在p.1255看到：stay v 1 （a）[La, I, Ipr, Ip, It, In/pr] remain or continue in the same place（for a long or short time, permanently or temporary, ......）（b）[La, Ln] continue in a certain state: stay awake○ stay single , ie not marry○ He never stays sober for long. ○ They stayed friends for years. 如果查阅LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH 朗文当代英语辞典（英语版）1995年最新版，便会在p.1409看到：stay v.. (2)

IN A POSITION [I, linking verb] to continue to be in a particular position, place, or state, without changing: stay calm/ quiet / warm etc It’s going to stay cold for the next few days. / You’d think he could stay sober for once……. （真实语篇的修辞）。

※※原本容易的常见语法题变成难题的还有：

1999年“单项填空”第10题（淡化语法，强调应用。语法应用，立足基础，远离冷僻。）

--- Alice, you feed the bid today, _______?

--- But I fed it yesterday. （※分析此题时，切忌再添“新的细化语法规则”。）

A. do you

B. will you

C. didn’t you

D. don’t you

答案：B 通过率：27.7%

试题分析：本题测试的是祈使句在日常生活中的使用能力。此题最大的干扰来自有关祈使句的“通用语法规则”；这就是为什么许多考生误选D项。其实，在大量的听力与口语活动，诸如Sit down, will you? You drive the car, will you ?这类语句俯拾即是。

（5）2003全国卷“单项填空”第31题（江苏0.33, 全国0.317）

31. News reports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down

B. have broken out （短语动词历来是高考难题。）

C. have broken in

D. have broken up【答案】A

此题的最大干扰项D. have broken up 03春季北京卷完形41题

英英词典例句原句的“改写”或“翻版。”如：LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH p.152的例句Peace talks have broken down over the questions of reparations.和OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY p. 136的例句Negotiations between the two sides have broken down。又如：02上海卷完形57题，难度很大,“抄自”词典OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY p. 1256的“通俗习语固定搭配”：blow off/let off steam（infml）（idm）release surplusenergy or emotion from being restrained: e.g. The children were out in the playground letting off steam.（发泄多余精力，排解平时受拘束的紧张与压力。）（真实语篇的修辞）。

词组动词历来是高考的难题：

※※2002全国卷“单项填空”第31题

31. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______ it. It might be valuable.

A. hold on to

B. keep up with

C. turn to

D. look after 【答案】A

通过率25%，多达60%考生误选B。（B. keep up在1996年-- 21题B 项，多达54.4%考生误选）从原义（primary meaning）hold on to the bar on a bus（抓住手把, 例句：The child held on to her father on the fast-going bus while her father was trying to keep balance before he took the seat next to me.）及其目的so that not to fall down向其借喻词义（figurative meaning）--- hold on to it及其目的 so that not to be underpaid的转换，意思是：“不见好价不撒手,” 而转换的原因则是下句的It might be valuable.的含义。此外，but 一词引导的分句也提醒考生注意语义的“转折”，不再thought of selling this old furniture了。

keep up with 一词往往是在下面这几个词组动词出现的“语篇”中使用的：lag behind 落伍（拉后）, fall behind落伍（拉后）, catch up with 赶上, keep up with 齐头并进, overtake超过, surpass超过；请试试说出这个语篇。

turn to sb. for sth. 表示（转身朝）向某人要求某事，如：turn to sb. for help/money/advice/support 求助/钱/指点/支持；

look after 照看，其词义比较“形象” （即：在… 的后面，如同在幼儿身后小心照看它不要摔倒一般）。

※※※难度较大（25%）。 7%选C，8%选D，※60%选B。

※※※※这个小题的hold on to的拼写有些陈旧。因为：

hold on to这个词组动词的第一词义（primary meaning）本来是“抓住”的意思，其引申词义（figurative meaning）是“不放弃，不肯出卖”的意思。在较早版本的词典里其英语词义为：

1）OXFORD DICTIONARY OF CURRENT IDIOMATIC ENGLISH（1975年版）: hold on to =

keep grasping sth, not let it go.;（informal）keep, retain; not give or sell to sb else; hang on to.

2）LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH（1978年版）:

hold on to == to keep your hands or arms tightly around something so that itcannot move or you

cannot fall; to keep something by not losing it, selling it, or having it taken from you.

3）LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE（1984版）：

hold on to=== to keep possession of

4）OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY（19年版）：hold on （to sb/sth）=== keep grasping or gripping sb/sth; not let go of sb/sth

而hold on to 的引申词义则演变为hold onto sth === （informal）not give or sell sth to sb else; keep or retain sth.

由此可见，词汇的意义，包括词组动词在内，是在演变之中的，必须关注语言在“实际交际情景”中的使用情况，必须经常使用最新版本的英英词典。

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※1993（30）Readers can ______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word . 答案：C 通过率：23%

A. get over

B. get in

C. get along

D. get through

1996（21）It is wise to have some money ______ for old age.

A. put away

B. kept up

C. given away

D. laid up 答案：A 通过率：21%

试题分析：本题测试的是“词组动词的习惯用法”，这类惯用法要在以语篇为单位的交际实践活动中逐渐掌握，而不是什么“语法和句型”或者“英汉对照单词表”的死记硬背。有54%的考生误选B项，就是因为他们在背诵英语单词的汉语词义上下的功夫太多，对于keep一词的汉语词义“保持”的印象太深刻了，几乎挥之不去。其实，任何词组动词的词义往往与其构成部分没有多大关系；如：keep 和up构成的词组动词keep up 的词义不等于“逐渐保持”，尽管build和up构成的词组动词build up具有“逐渐积累”的词义。

2001（26）We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ________ very well.

A. worked out

B. tried out

C. went on

D. carried on

答案：A 难度：0.13

试题详析：测试词组动词的实际应用。

高考的主要依据是高考“词汇表”，该表只有英语单词，没有任何汉语词义。这说明：该“词汇表”所列每个单词究竟有几种词义，几种用法，“根本没有。”高中英语课本并不是高考的依据，因此，此题必然难倒众多考生。他们手头的“英汉对照词汇表”指出work out的词义是“算出”和“解决”，与此题无干。结果，只好，在C和D中任选一个。二者都有“继续”（continue）的意思。故肯定不能选。剩下的try out表示“实验”的意思，则更加与此题无干。那么，使用“排除法”便可选中A 了。当然，真正完成好此题，仍然要依靠“上下文”；这句话的上文是：我们本来并不是那样安排这个展览会的，暗指原来规模较小，…下文是：结果…进行得非常好，出乎意料。这使人联想起turn out一词，其词义为“结果，出乎意料，竟然是…”。它与work out一样都跟out搭配，便可“猜测，推测” work out与turn out词义相同。最后，还是要看几个句子，才能“心中有底。”

1、I hoped that our firm would join up with one of the largest companies of the country. But it doesn’t seem to be working out that way.

2、 --- I wonder if you can work out this problem .

--- I shan’t know until you try me out.

3、Please carry on as usual while I listen to the class .

4、I want to go on being a teenager, because I am enjoying every minute of it.

要吸取的经验：

考生们手头的“英汉对照词汇表”到了21世纪仍然在害人。千万不要背记“英汉对照词汇表” 。高考复习一定要立足“语篇”。误选C. went on：44.2% 误选D. carried on：35.2%

2. 2003全国卷“完形填空”

难度为：0.49。完全是语篇层次的语境与上下文测试，是“语篇上下文” 的“通篇研读”。从历年高考完形填空的通过率调查数据，可以看到此大题的难题集中现象；如：从（39）至（50）这一部分，难题几乎接踵而至。只有准确翻译此题（真实语篇的修辞）。，才能透彻理解其含义。

After all, Ed’s idea of 39 has always been nothing more 40 than lifting a fork to his mouth. 41 I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and 42 proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed 45 for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly 46 , I was so surprised that I was 47 . My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. 48 , at the point in our game when I’d have predicted（预计）the score to be about 8 to 1 in my favor, it was 49 7 to 9 ---- and Ed was 50 .

39. A. exercise B. preparation C. joy D. fitness

40. A. time-saving B. comfortable C. suitable D. effort-making

41. A. As soon as B. As long as C. When D. Since

42. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly

43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked

44. A. clean B. larger C. straight D. darker

45. A. set out B. got ready C. arrived D. returned（※江苏.41%选B）

46. A. notice B. admire C. believe D. measure

47. A. nervous B. curious C. careless D. speechless

48. A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last

49. A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally

50. A. leading B. coming C. waiting D. counting

【解析】

（39）A. exercise

（40）D. effort-making: （此二题“难”到一起来了。）

After all, Ed’s idea of（39）exercise has always been nothing more （40）effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.是全文的“主题词语”--“体育活动”，由于为表达幽默的修辞手段，将nothing more than== only 句型换用了位置，令人费解。此句可改写为：After all, to Ed’s mind（Ed thinks）having exercise is only as effort-making or difficult as lifting a fork to his mouth; i.e. This fat boy believes eating is already a very difficult movement he has to make every day--- putting food into his mouth is itself a sort of exercise which requires his efforts. 意思是：对于他这样的胖子，连吃饭都嫌累得慌，何况运动了。

（41）答案：B as long as 在此处的意义并不是on condition that的意义，难怪通过率只有27.3%

（江苏27.33%），难怪有43%的考生误选D项。但是如果整体看待此题，仅仅从上下

文和语段的内容便可毫不犹豫地选出最佳选项。

（42）答案：A （全国22.8%, 江苏27.33%）之所以选strangely ，完全是由上下文决定的。

否则，仅仅从句子搭配形式看，四个选项都是对的。竟有44%的考生误选B项

personally 。

（45）答案：C. 通过率：全国12%，江苏12%。arrived: So when Ed arrived for our game notonly with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with stomach you could

hardly notice.此处set out, got ready, returned的干扰作用颇大，因为它们在句型中都与连

用，而且在内容上至少有两个似乎讲得通。※江苏.41%选B （46）答案：A. 通过率：全国18.7%，江苏26。67%。主要是考生完成此大题时，几乎完全

不理解文章的内涵。

（47）答案：D . 通过率：全国26.8%，江苏26.67%。D. speechless: I was so surprised that I was

speechless. （本身并不难）与36） C. surprising : It was the most surprising and tiring games

I’ve ever had. 前后呼应。此外，考生不理解D. speechless的构词成分，甚至，仅仅知道

speech的意义是“讲演。”

（48）答案：D. At last:

（49）答案：C. instead:

（48）At last , at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my

favor, it was

（49）instead 7 to 9--- and Ed was

（50）leading.此句的含义是：我早已预料到必然能够轻取胖子，料到比赛之么莫个时刻（如：

打到头半场中间）比分必是：9比1以“我”领先。这个时刻终于到了，但是结果正相反。

（52） When the score was 16 up, I was having serious 52. B. doubts about staying alive until 21

years old, let alone 53. A. scoring that many points. 江苏：34.67%

52. A. thoughts B. doubts C. situations D. problems

53. A. scoring B. completing C. receiving D. keeping

3. 2003年阅读理解大题通过率0.51。

C篇是“选自各类活页宣传材料”的书刊广告（刘庆思）

文章短小，却是“实际读物”--- “原汁原味原文原著”。远离英语交际的“实际生活”----不常看原版书刊的人，则不可能习惯于快速浏览这

种“真实英语Realistic English”小册子的。2003年的阅读速度明显高于往年。与2002年的.5wpm相近：63wpm。比以往的35wpm—50wpm明显提高。这种小册子短文题材的语篇分别在1996（E篇Events的第68小题36%，第69小题47%），1997（D篇：“英语培训广告”第65小题22%，第66小题35%）和1999（C篇“旅游节省开支”第60小题34%）出现过难题，应当研读探究一番。

Tales From Animal Hospital

David Grant

David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr. Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery（外科手术）．Tales From Anima l Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!

£ 14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster

ISBN 0751304417

Issac Newton: The Last Sorcerer

Michael White

From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the world’s first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact, Michael White’s learned yet

Readable new offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic（魔术）ended and science began.

£ 18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate

Fermat’s Last Theorem

Simon Singh

In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique（词典中误此词，应为：Polytechnic）. Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effortover three centuries, Fermat’s Last Theorem will delight specialists and general readers alike.

£ 12.99 Hardback 384pp Fourth Estate

63. What is Animal Hospital? 答案：D 通过率：0.212（55%考生误选B 项）

A. A news story.

B. A popular book.

C. A research report.

D. A TV programme.

分析：此题What is Animal Hospital?与其正确选项D. A TV programme.之和等于原文David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital.和Tales From Anima l Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake! 这两句话的改写或者“换句话说i.e. , that is, that is to say, in other words”。其中关键词语是：fans of Animal Hospital和all fans of the programme中间的fans与programme。（真实语篇的修辞）。

. In Michel White’s book, Newton is described as . 答案：C 通过率：30%

A. a person who did not look the same as in many pictures. （37%的考生误B选项）

B. a person who lived a colourful and meaningful life

C. a great but not perfect man

D. an old-time magician

分析：此题. In Michel White’s book, Newton is described as .与其正确选项C a great but not perfect man之和等于原文Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic（魔术）ended and science began.这句话的改写或者“换句话说i.e. , that is, that is to say, in other words”。其中关键词语是：human weaknesses等抽象词汇的意义（真实语篇的修辞）。

65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?

A. To encourage people to raise questions.

B. To cause difficulty in understanding.

C. To provide a person with an explanation.

D. To limit people’s imagination.

分析：此题的正确选项B. To cause difficulty in understanding.是从原文中……the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,……这句话的改写……the theorem had defeated the best mathematicians,making it difficult for them to understand …中“推导出来的”，即：baffle与beat的意义含义相近（真实语篇的修辞），完全不必查词典，也能猜对。而theorem一词从结构上看，与theory相近，亦不必说出它的精确意义是“理论”还是“定理”。答案：B 通过率：0.344（江苏36%）

D

There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others, and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese.

The product is foreign words.

Cairaigo--- words that come from outside---- have been part of the Japanese language for centuries. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.

But in the last few years the trickle（涓涓细流）of foreign words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the Japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good qualities of traditional（传统的）Japanese.

“The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new,”says university lecturer and writer Takashi Saito. “By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easy for the media（媒体）to pick up.”

“Experts（专家）often study abroad and use English terms when they speak with people in their own fields. Those terms are then included in government white papers,”said Muturo Kai, president of the National Language Research Institute. “Foreign words find their way easily into announcement made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese.”

Against the flow of news words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. Saito’s Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.

“We were expecting to sell the books to young people,”said the writer,“but it turns out they are more popular with the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Japanese.”

68. What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Japanese terms?答案：A

A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new. 通过率：0.232（33%的考生误选C项）

B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.

D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.

分析：此题的正确选项A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.是从原文中“By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easy for the media（媒体）to pick up.” 这句话改写，“推导出来的”。其中，new一词是“关键词汇”。之所以33%的考生误选C项，是因为他们缺少“改写活动”实践，看不出另一个“关键词汇”----- sound 与seem是可以互相改写的。（“改写活动”应该贯穿于高三备考之始终。）

70. Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words? 答案：A

A. The media and government papers.

B. Best-selling Japanese textbooks. 通过率：0.376

C. The interest of young Japanese.

D. Foreign products and experts. （28%的考生误选项C）

分析：此题70. Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words? 与其正确选项A. The media and government papers.之和等于原文Those terms are then included in government white papers,”said Muturo Kai, president of the National Language Research Institute. “Foreign words find their way easily into announcement made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese.”这两句话的改写或者“换句话说i.e. , that is, that is to say, in other words”。其中关键词语是：government papers，announcement made to the general public 等抽象词语（真实语篇的修辞）。

E

At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need of paper copies of documents（文件）because they could be stored electronically. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.

It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. “I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down,”says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organisation.

Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets. Several Internet companies have been set

up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer. Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co. announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a one-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer. As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.

Does all this mean environmental concerns（环境问题）have been forgotten? Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away.“I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling（回收利用）,”said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco. Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful. He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.

73. Environmentalists believe one possible way of dealing with the paper situation is

A. to encourage printing more quality documents

B. to develop new printers using recycled paper

C. to find new materials for making paper

D. to plant more fast-growing trees答案：C 通过率：0.323 （53%的考生误选B项）

分析：此题73. Environmentalists believe one possible way of dealing with the paper situation is

与其正确选项to find new materials for making paper之和等于原文The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 之所以53%的考生误选C项，是因为他们缺少“整体阅读”和“语篇评价”实践，看不出：作为“one possible way”，倒数第二句的“printers that print on both sides”与倒数第一句的“acceptable paper made from materials other than wood”是不可同日而语的，前者只是被动的“节流”，而后者才是真正的“开源节流”。（“改写活动”应该贯穿于高三备考之始终。）

74. Hewlett-Packard Co. has decided to develop new technologies because .

A. people are concerned about the environment

B. printers in many offices are working overtime

C. small companies need more hard copiesD. they see a growing market for printers答案：D 通过率：0.394

分析：此题测试Hewlett-Packard Co. has decided to develop new technologies的原因。整个第三段就是答案。其主题句---第一句话Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets.和最后一句话As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.，及其关键词汇printing most promising new markets.，the greater demand for printers.，共同支持了正确选项D，尤其是promising，greater demand等词语与选项中的growing互为改写。

※※近三年高考各大题“语篇话题”一览请读者依据下面的列表，按照“话题”分类研读这40个不同大题的语篇，自己归纳出它们之间的内在联系，必然受益匪浅。

2001全国卷 2002北京卷 2002全国卷 2003全国卷 2003北京卷 2003上海卷

听力 1餐馆特色 1失眠求医－－ 1天热开窗 1询问时间 A 1-10:邀请、2老师换课 2餐馆点菜－－ 2旅游口信 2邀请打球购物、人际、

3等传口信 3电脑升级－－ 3球迷心态 3购橘问价泊车、住房、

4火车时刻 4出行方式－－ 4考试变换 4出行方式工作、学英语、5出行方式 5作业缓交－－ 5变换地址 5请递东西 …（小对话）

6读友人信 6请听音乐－－ 6上班迟到 6新体育馆 B （长对话）：7请听音乐 7家长忧虑－－ 7访友迷路 7讲座通知保健、俱乐部；

8打的路线 8洗碗失手－－ 8服务问卷 8空姐教师 C 学生简介（如：语言水平等）

9求传口信 9旅游通知－－ 9见老同学 9记者访问上下班活动情况；

10注册泊车 10售船广告－－ 10经理培训班 10预订包间（听信息填表格）

－－ 11青年女外教的困惑－－－－－－－－

完形填空科普（雪人）少年心理反智商论少年减肥少年打工（A）农场赛羊（B）英国人的礼貌

阅读理解A 汽车租赁心脏手术地下开发科普（地理）手机效应上网旅游

阅读理解B 冰雪饭店宠物广告有机农产小狗陪幼儿读书宇宙新星匆忙辞职、求职更难。

阅读理解C 绿色产品父女之情文娱广告书刊广告大象群体亚洲少儿超重问题

阅读理解D 法语对英语的影响抢救古建筑寻找古代宝藏外来语在日本的影响男女学生的学习差异纳米技术否可行？

阅读理解E 男女交友人物生平组织生日聚会的广告因特网与树木环保少年移民“留学生”

短文改错独生子女的苦衷父母发怒怎么办？旅游日记学习写英语日记

书面表达减轻课业负担前后变化野外日记关于公园门票的讨论为外国同学租房

（1）大树与环保（2）如何过好暑假

4. 2003年短文改错大题的通过率与2002年一样都是0.44。

通过率最低的第79和第80小题，都是测试“语法在特定情景中的习惯用法”，触及“汉语与英语语法习惯用法”的强烈反差。

My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her 79. 难度0.04, 4%的通过率

advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. 难度0.26, 26%的通过率

这两句话，如果用汉语表达，则“我记我的日记”和“每天应该写100个左右单词”都似乎没有什么错误。

这类试题比比皆是，如：“单项填空”的第33（Why me?）和第35小题（No way.）。可见，“应重视语言知识的教学，但切忌讲的过多、过细、过深，应该重点培养学生在不同的语境中灵活运用所学语言知识的能力。”（“中国考试”2003年 11/12期）

5. 2003年书面表达大题的通过率0.52 ,比2002年的0.53少难一点。

但是，与2003年北京卷的两篇书面表达相比，要求还不够高。

假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建华文学学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找到一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告之住房面积为25平方米，月租为500元。（图略）　

注意：１．词数：100左右；

2．参考词汇：房租rent n.。　　

One possible version:

Dear Bob,

I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September. I’ve found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No. 11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d like it? If not, I can tryand find another place for you. Just let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

※※动词to be重复使用了8次。情态动词can 重复使用了2次。其他动词仅有3个：let, find, take。与中考难度相当。

2003年北京卷书面表达

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）

情景作文（20分）

北京市将举行主题为“Protecting Mother Earth”的中学生英语作文竞赛。你准备根据下列四幅图画写一篇“Story of a Tree”的英语小故事参赛。（图略）

注意： 1. 词数100左右。

2. 开头已为你写好。

第二节开放作文（15分）

根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字。词数不少于30。

You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You say to him, “I’m going to enjoy myself in the vacation.”He asks, “What exactly are you going to do to have fun?”

You tell him what you want to do to make your vacation great fun. Be sure to use one or more examples to show what you mean.

说明1. 内容要点可用不同方式表达。2. 对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

书面表达参第一节情景作文（满分20分）

Once there was a family living in a cabin under a huge tree. Its strong branches and thick leaves kept the family safe from the wind and rain. Some time（原答案Sometime）later, they felled down the tree with an ax, as they were building another cabin. They needed the wood for its walls and the branches and leaves for its roof. But before the completion of the new cabin, there came a storm. And strong winds blew away the roofs of both the old and new cabins, because the tree was no longer there to protect the place from the wind.

※使用动词9个，无一重复。其中还有分词和短语动词。

第二节开放作文（满分15分）根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字。词数不少于30。

You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You say to him, “I’m going to enjoy myself in the vacation.”He asks, “What exactly are you going to do to have fun?”※You tell him what you want to do to make your vacation great fun. Be sure to use one or more examples to show what you mean.※

One possible version: （这段文字应该这样写：My answer is as follows :）

I’ll go to a beach to see the seabirds flying in the dark-blue sky and drive a motorboat, sailing through clear water toward the rising sun. Then I’ll surf the“nba.com”website, play games on “FreeEnglish.com”, or chat with friends online about hot movies like “The Lord of the Rings”and“Harry Potter.” 使用动词8个，无一重复。其中还有分词和一些贴近现代生活的词语。

※备考参考资料※:

“每日聆听和阅读并记忆未见过的语篇”约两篇共700-1,000词。“备考参考资料”应选自：

（1）高三课本的Reading部分及其译文（见“教师用书”）；

（2）1992-2003 全部高考真题；（必须背诵默写）

（3）全国公共英语等级考试（PETS）第1,2,3级的至少300篇阅读、写作及听力材料；

（4）一至两份（本）“原汁原味原文”语料，如：21世纪报、英语文摘、参考消息每周一的“双语天地”等等英汉对照的报刊杂志；

（5）适当选用大学四、六级、托福、雅思等试卷为“听读”综合资料。

（6）人民出版社2004年2月即将出版的“高考二轮导航”。

“英语文摘 English Digest 2002年第10期 p.1 The Honorable People by Theodore Roosevelt

※Theodore Roosevelt 1858-1919 26th president of the USA 1901-1909 Republican, Nobel Peace Prize winner※

It is not the critic who counts, nor the person who points out how the strong person stumbled or where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the person who is actually in the arena; whose face is actually marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and comes short again and again, who knows great enthusiasm and great devotions, whose life is spent in worthy cause; who, at best, knows in the end the triumph of high achievement and at worst, if failure wins out, it at least wins with greatness, so that this person’s place shall never be with those timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.

参考译文（一览摘译自Brain Candy Quotation Collection）

真正令人尊敬的并非那些评论家和那些指出强者是如何跌倒、或实干家本该做得更好的人。荣誉属于那些亲临竞技场，满面污泥、汗水和鲜血的人。他们不懈地努力，他们曾犯过错，并一再失败。他们满怀激情，执著不懈，将生命奉献于崇高的事业。他们为经过艰辛努力最终取得的伟大成就而自豪，如果失败，他们也败得荣耀。因而，这样的人永远不应与那些不知道胜利，也未失败过的胆怯灵魂相提并论。