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Unit5 What are the shirts made of?
重点语法:被动语态
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和______语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态的结构:be+PP
1.一般现在时的被动语态: am / is / are + 过去分词
She waters the flowers after school. The flowers ___________ ____________by ___________ after school. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态 : was / were + 过去分词
Guo Jingming wrote the book . The book ____________ ____________ ____________Guo Jingming. 3. 一般将来时的被动语态 will be +过去分词
The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon. A talk ______ ______ _______ _____the headmaster this afternoon. 4. 现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are+being+过去分词
The driver is repairing the car. The car ____________ ___________ ___________ __________the driver. 5. 过去进行时的被动语态 was/were+being+过去分词
My father was painting the wall. The wall ______________ ______________ _____________ by father. 6. 现在完成时的被动语态: has /have been + 过去分词
We have read the book.. The book ______________ ____________ _____________ by ____________. 7. 过去完成时的被动语态: had been + 过去分词
He had invited me to visit Japan before I came here. I _______ _________ _________to visit Japan before I came here. 8. 含有情态动词的被动语态: can / may /must /should +过去分词
Students should do their homework. Their homework __________ _________ __________ _________students. 被动语态的特殊情况:
(一) make/ let /have sb. do sth. ; see/hear/ watch / notice sb. do sth 变成被动语态时,后面的动词原形前需加to. : be made / seen / heard / watched / noticed to do sth.
被迫 / 被看见 / 被听见 / 被观看 被注意 做某事
1.The boss made his workers work day and night. The workers were made to work day and night. 2. I see him stand there He is seen to stand there by me.
2. His doctor makes him have two meals a day. ---He is _______ _______ _______ two meals a day. (使役感官真奇怪,to去to来令人猜,主动语态to离开,被动语态to回来。) 练习:请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。
 1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day.
 The horses___________ __________ __________ ___________the whole day.  2.I saw a mouse run into the room.
 A mouse ___________ ___________ __________ ___________ into the room.  3.I saw Lucy play in the park just now.
 Lucy_________ __________ ___________ ______________in the park just now.  4. I often hear her sing this popular song .
 She___________often_______ _______ _______ this popular song by_______.
(二)当动词带双宾语时give sb.sth show sb sth , pass sb sth , lend sb sth 时,有两种改法: 1)将其中指人的宾语被动句的主语时,另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来。
sb .be given sth sb be showed sth; sb be passed sth; sb.be lent sth. Eg: I give Tom a book . Tom is given a book by me.
He buys his sister a bag. His sister _______ ______ a bag by him.
2) 将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语,在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for” 。常见加to的动词有常见加for的动词有make, draw, buy…
sth be given to sb.; sth be showed to sb; sth be passed to sb; sth be lent to sb. Eg:I give Tom a book . A book is given ______Tom by me. 再如:He bought me a book.
-I was bought a book by him. (以人I做主语)
-A book was bought for me by him. (以物book作主语)
练习:1.Lily gave us some wonderful stamps. (1)______ ________ ______some wonderful stamps by Lily
(2)Some wonderful stamps_______ ________ _______ ________ by Lily
2014下半年教师资格证统考大备战 中学教师资格考试 小学教师资格考试 幼儿教师资格考试 教师资格证面试
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双宾语,很奇特,被动语态有两个,用人简单用物难,难在人前to, for添 常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to: (1)pass sb sth=pass sth to sb (2) give sb sth= give sth. to sb (3)teach sb sth=teach sth to sb, (4)show sb sth=show sth to sb (5) bring sb sth=bring sth to sb, (6)send sb sth=send sth to sb (7)hand sb sth =hand sth to sb (8) sell sb sth=sell sth to sb (9) take sb sth =take sth to sb (10) write sb sth=write sth to sb
for: (1) make sb sth= make sth for sb (2) buy sb sth =buy sth for sb (3) get sb sth= get sth for sb
(4) cook sb sth =cook sth for sb (5) keep ab sth=keep sth for sb (6) sing sb sth=sing sth for sb (7) find sb sth=find sth for sb (8) mend sb sth=mend sth for sb (9)perform sb sth=perform sth for sb
既可用for也可用to的词:read 练习:把主动语态变为被动语态。(两种办法) 1.He bought me a present yesterday.
___________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.My mother made me a big birthday cake last night.
__________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.I have written him a letter.
___________________________________ _______________________________________ 4.Our teacher taught us a new song last week.
____________________________________ _______________________________________ 5.She reads her son a story every day.
____________________________________ _____________________________________________
三、在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物动词短语)的句子中,变被动语态时,动词短语要看做一个整体,千万不要漏掉介词或副词。
Eg. People often talk about that film. That film is often talked about. 练习:改正下列转换中的错误: 1.We shouldn’t give up the work.
误:The work shouldn’t be given . 正: 2.Lily looked after the baby.
误:The baby was looked by Lily. 正:
四.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that… 据说 It is reported that…据报道 It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that…众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 It is suggested that…据建议
练习:据说男孩通过了考试。___________ _____________ __________ ___________ the boy has passed the exam.
=The boy ____________ _____________ _____________ have passed the exam.
重点解析:
1.everyday与 every day
everyday 是形容词,意为“每天的;日常的”,用来修饰名词。 every day
意为“每天”,在句中通常作时间状语。
用everyday 或 every day填空
(1)You can find that the sentence is widely used in our ____________ life. (2)David's father takes exercise ______________. 2.
be made of表示“由……制造”,通常表示从成品中可以看出原材料 be made from 意为“由……制成”(看不出原材料); be made in +地点 意为“在……(地方)制成”; be made by 意为“被……制成”。 活学活用
(1) 这个飞机模型是用木头做的。The model plane _________ ____________ __________wood. (2)葡萄酒是由葡萄酿成的。Wine __________ ___________ ____________ grapes.
(3) 这些汽车是在上海制造的。These cars __________ ____________ ___________ Shanghai.
(4)这些蛋糕是我姐姐昨晚制作的。These cakes ____________ ___________ _________ my sister last night.
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3.
be known/famous for与be known/famous as
be known/famous for 表示“作为……而出名”,后跟出名的原因。
be known/famous as
表示“以……而出名”,后跟出名时的职业、身份或地位等。
活学活用
(1)老舍因《茶馆》而闻名。Lao She ___________ ____________ __________ his play, Teahouse.
(2)周杰伦是一位有才能的歌手。Jay Chou ____________ ____________ ___________ a talented singer. 4. be good +介词
be good for 对…有好处 be good at擅长于=do well in be good with和…和睦相处 be good to对…友善=be friendly to 活学活用
Drinking milk every day is ________ your health. A.good to B.good with C.good for D.good at 5.
no matter what“无论什么”=
whatever no matter who“无论谁”=whoever
no matter where“无论什么地方”=wherever no matter when“无论什么时候”=whenever no matter how“无论怎样”=however
Whatever you like, I will buy it for you. =____ ________ ______ you like, I will buy it for you. 6.turn into=change into 变成 turn on打开/turn off关上 turn up开大,调高/turn down开小/调低 活学活用
1)水可以变成冰。Water can be ________ ______ ice.
2))[2013〃益阳] The boy is sleeping. Please ________ the radio. A.turn up B.turn down C.turn on 7.
英语中表示“花费”的表达
(1)sb spend 时间/金钱on sth sb spend时间/金钱 (in) doing sth
(2)sb. pay money for sth (3)sth. cost (sb.) +money (注意:cost的主语一定是物,过去式是cost。) (4)It takes/took sb. some time to do sth
练习:1. They spend too much time______ the report. A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
2. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive --No,they only______l0 yuan. A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost
3. --Will you please______for my dinner Peter? --Sure! A. spend B. pay C. cost D.take 4. It will _____me too much time to read this book. A. take B. cost C. spend D.pay 5.完成那项工作花了他半个小时。 It ________ __________ half an hour to finish the work. 6.How much does the ticket ________ from Shanghai to Beijing?
A.cost B.took C.spend D.pay
7.I enjoy playing computer games, but I can't ________ too much time ________ that.
A.take; doing B.spend; doing C.spend; for doing D.take; to do 单元重点词组:
1. 由…制成be_________ _______(物理变化) 2.在…(地点)制造be________ ________ 3.环境保护environmental __________ 4. 由…制成be_________ _______(化学变化)
5. 以......闻名be ________ for (2种) 6. 在......(地方)生产be________in 7. 在许多不同地方______many different places 8.被手工采摘be______ _______hand 9.全世界all_______the world 10.对…有益be_______ ___________ 11.无论什么no_______what=____________ 12.即使even___________(2种) 13.擅长用be good_____________ 14避免做某事avoid______sth 15.日常用品__________things 16.查明,弄清________out
17.去潍坊度假go _______a vacation________Weifang 18.剪纸paper__________19.例如such_____________ 20.许多不同种类的many_________ _________of 21.把…变成__________into…
22.发出,放出,发送________out 23.被…覆盖be________ _________24.上升到空中rise________the air 25.穿上,贴上________on 26.作为…的象征as symbols_____________ 27.高科技产品__________products 28.被用于be________ __________ 29、在山腰上__________the sides of mountains
中考连接
1. We can find new buildings everywhere in our city.(改写句子,句意不变) New buildings can everywhere in our city.
2. Teenagers can learn more knowledge from real life if they have more chances to experience it.(改写句子,句意不变) More knowledge can by teenagers from real life if they are given more chances to experience it. 3. Teachers can use cartoons to give examples in lessons about AIDS.(改为被动语态) Cartoons can to give examples in lessons about AIDS. 4. A new bridge will_____across the river. A. be building B. be built C. build 5. Some people think trees _____on Tree Planting Day only.
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A. should be planted B, should plant C. should be planting D. be planted 6. Personal computers ____in 1976. It has changed the whole world.
A. have been invented B. are invented C. were invented D. invented 7.[2013·株洲] Do you know when the first train ________ in China? A.was produced B.is produced C.produced
8.[2013·丽水] Each year quite a lot of food ________ around the world. It's really time for us to do something. A.was wasted B.is wasted C.wasted D.will be wasted 9.[2013·天津] —What language ________ in that country? —German and English.
A.are speaking B.are spoken C.speak D.is spoken 10.[2013·梅州] The child without parents ________ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A.is taken B.are taken C.take D.takes 基础练习 I. 单项选择
1.The kind of cup is used__________drinking. A.to B.as C.by D.for 2.This pair of shoes________hand, and it_______very comfortable.
A.is made with, is felt B.are made from,is felt C.are made of, feels D.is made by, feels
3.I think the short story_________by Lu Xun. A.is writing B.is written C.written D.was written 4.--Who________the electric light lamp______? —Edison.
A.was;invented B.is;invented C.was;invented by D.did;invented by
5.The number of the students in our school_________1,600 and a number of them_________from Canada. A.are;come B.is;come C.is;comes D.are;comes 6.I think the mountains________with trees in a few years’time. A.are covered B.will be covered C.are covering D.will cover
7.Mary_______to the party yesterday. A.invited B.has invited C.was invited D.were told
8.They should________to choose their own clothes. A.allowed B.be allowed C.allow D.are allowed II. 句型转换
1. This book was written by Lu Ying .(改为否定句)This book __________ __________ by Lu Xun. 2. I saw our math teacher go the office just now.(改为被动句)
Our math teacher _____ ______ ______ ______ into the office just now.
3.He noticed that something was coming towards him .(改为同义句)He noticed something ______ _______ ________. 4.The car is made in China. (改为否定句)_______________________________________________
5.The classroom is cleaned by students every day. (改为一般疑问句)_____________________________________________ 6.The sweater is made of wool. (对画线部分提问)______________________________________
7.The boy is taken care of by the old woman.(改为主动语态)____________________________________________ 综合能力提升
1. ___ far as I know, her mother is a very famous writer. A. With B. In C. As D. On 2. The desk is made ____ wood. A. from B. at C. of D. in
3. Please try to avoid ____ those cheap things. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
4. The hill ____ heavy snow in winter. A. is covered with B. covered with C. covered at D. is covered of 5. The tall building ____ 10 years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds
6. What a nice garden! It ____ every day. A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. must clean D. is cleaned 7. The trees ____ three times every week. A. water B. must watered C. must be watered D. has watered 8. If the child ____, please telephone the police. A. found B. is found C. was found D. has found 9. _____ this kind of question often ____ in your class, Li Ping? A. Does, ask B. Is, asked C. Has, asked D. Will, ask 10. She is often seen _____ basketball on the playground. A. play B. to play C. plays D. playing 11. Rice _____ in South China. A. grows B. is grow C. is grown D. are grown
12.The Olympic Games ________ every four years. A. are held B. were held C. are holding D. will held 13、More rice this year than last year. A. makes B .produces C. is made D. is produced
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14. The trees on March12 every year. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 15. My shoes and sweater were made _____ hand. A. in B. on C. with D. by
16.—Do you know that there are many different________animals in the zoo?—Yes, I do. I think some of them are_____scary. A.kinds of, kind of B.kinds of, kinds of C.kind of, kinds of D.kind of, kind of
17.The earthquake happened_____8:20_______the morning of April 20th,2013. A.on, in B.at, on C.at, in D. on,on 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的动词,并用其适当形式填空。有的需要加助动词或不定式符号。(每词限用一次)
do come make give write
Do you like Justin Bieber’s song? Now, Justin is eighteen years old. The Canadian pop stars celebrated (庆祝) his 18th birthday on March 1st. His manager 91___________ him a car as a gift on his birthday.
Justin , however, has a gift for his fans, too. His new album(专辑) Believe
92___________ out on June 1st. Since last year, Justin 93____________ some songs for the album himself. “ Everything must 94_____________ well if I put my heart into it,” he said.
The young man also feels excited about being 18. “Eighteen means a lot of responsibilities(责任).”Justin said. “I can 95_____________ my own decisions…Eighteen is going to be a great year. ”
cross pick find throw give
A man was going to the house of a rich friend. He saw a watermelon on the road. He ____________ it up and then he said to himself, “I do not want the watermelon. My rich friend ____________ me lots of delicious food to eat.” So he threw it onto the ground.
He came to a big river. It was so big that he couldn’t cross it. He waited for some time. Finally, he said to himself, “I can’t go to my friend’s house today. The river is too wide for me ___________ .” He turned to get back home. He felt very hungry. He thought of the watermelon and began to look for it. Finally, some broken pieces __________on the ground. But they were very dirty, and he could not eat them.
What can we learn from this story? Don’t ___________ good things away. You may be sorry later.
