
时间;2014年9月19日
地点:博识楼1003
主讲教师:刘倩
流程:
1、学生练习,以下题目二选一,撰写演讲稿,完成主要框架
1. English,A Word Changed the World
2. Trust, We Cannot Afford to Lose
2、对比分析所发演讲稿,总结演讲稿的篇章特点
1.全篇结构:总——分——总,要有明显的主题句(陈述句)
2.分——分论点1,分论点2,分论点3,不超过5点
3.重复、排比等修辞手法的运用
结构即是根据某种需要把散乱的材料有条理有逻辑地组织起来,使材料之间相辅相成,构成一个完整的有机体。而演讲结构即是以掀起听众的情感波澜为宗旨,巧妙地安排论点材料,以便做到层次清晰、循序渐进,自始至终吸引住听众。
(一)开头引人入胜为主,幽默风趣适当。
万事开头难,演讲的开头更是如此,因为它担负着极其重要的任务, 好的开头能镇定纷乱的会场、集中听众的注意力,还能导入主题、定下基调, 把听众带入演讲者需要的气氛中去。因此对于演讲的开头应精心设计,力求引人入胜。 演讲如何开头应根据演讲内容、演讲风格、听众心理、现场情况等因素来确定, 或开门见山揭示论点、或提出问题引人思考、或名言警句发表高论、或善于抒情创造意境、 或描绘叙述形象生动等等,方式方法不胜枚举,目的都是要吸引听众。
(二)主体部分结构分明,以理服人,令人信服
主体部分是回答问题、巩固成果的阶段。这一部分不能空洞, 应以充实的材料充分展开,深入挖掘主题、广泛阐述道理,保持开端造成的声势,环环相接、 扣人心弦。主体部分的材料安排应注意形成内在情感的节奏感, 即通过由浅入深的论述层层推进听众的情感。安排材料时还应将典型的突出的事例详写,一般性的材料作为辅助略写,详略相间,造在情感的张弛回旋。主体部分的材料应多姿多彩, 正反相照、深浅相兼、触类旁通,不可单调呆,才会显得起伏转折、处处有景, 时刻吸引住听众。
(三)结尾情真意切、真诚呼吁、掀起高潮,令人回味。
经过开头和主体部分的蓄势, 演讲者和听众的情绪都已水到渠成达到了最高峰,这时应该安排一个有力的结尾,总结全文突出主题、掀起高潮、摧人奋发, 给听众留下一个更强烈的回味无穷的印象,演讲的结尾应简洁明快,精彩有力, 切忌虎头蛇尾、枯燥冗长、当断不断、落入俗套。演讲的结尾方式多种多样, 可重复本文论点进行强调,可直抒胸臆进行呼吁,可发表宏誓鼓动听众, 可展望未来给人希望等等。
3、优秀演讲稿赏析
2008年21世纪联想杯冠军赵心妍
From made in China to Created in China
One in four computers in the world comes from China; but from each computer produced, China earns only what 10 apples are worth. I read this in People’ Daily not long ago. While the force of globalization has spread Chinese-made products all over the world and earned China the name “world’s factory”, China earns very little profits from this kind of low-cost production. It’s even been said that China has to export 800 million shirts to get an airplane.
The problem is, China has involved in countless processes of production, but doesn’t necessarily have the intellectual property rights. If all we can be is part of the low-cost, labor-oriented production process, we’ll remain in a passive, disadvantaged position and gradually lose our competitive edge in the global arena. To develop China’s creative industry, transforming products from "made in China" to "created in China" has become one of China’s major tasks.
This transformation will be no less like a marathon, requiring much effort especially that from Chinese enterprises, the major force in Chinese economy. Though there’ s no one in front leading us which direction to run, there’s much to learn from some Chinese enterprises that have already found the right strategies and are shining on the global stage. These strategies involve brand identity establishment, technological innovation and modern management system.
Firstly, the brand that I mentioned above is an intangible yet most valuable asset to a company. It gains credibility from consumers, thus constituting the reason for consumers to buy habitually. Tong Ren Tang, the largest producer of traditional Chinese medicine, remains one of the oldest surviving brand names. The credibility that it gained through quality products has made its name known worldwide and maintains its recognized brand.
The second strategy is innovation of technology, which helps enterprises gain its core competency. In the global era where technology emerges at a rapid speed, one has to adopt the latest technology, and also to compete for the speed of developing new ones. The success of Haier, the third largest household appliances manufacturer in the world, lies in its constant innovation. Over the past 16 years, Haier has invested a total of 7 billion RMB in technological development, using 6 percent of its income for scientific research and the development of new products. At present, Haier's development operational speed is turning out 1.3 new products a day, maintaining its upper-hand in the fierce competition.
The third strategy is the establishment of modern management system. New Hope Group, the National Leading Enterprise for Agriculture, started from family-owned business. When the business was soaring and situation was changing, the family members had divergent views of management. To make sure of the development of their business, they decided to turn their company into a limited liability one, distributing property rights efficiently. Because of this, the company increased its competitiveness rapidly. Establishing a modern management system will lead to efficient levels of division of labor and efficient patterns in the business cycle.
With brand identity, technology and flexibility, China’s creative industries will blossom and give China the cutting edge in the fierce global competition. One day, China will stand firm and proud, with national brands thriving on the global markets, and with millions of products tagged “created in China”, instead of “made in China”.
第十二届“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲比赛冠军—陈星
Giving is Receiving-Personal Growth in Volunteer Work
Last summer, I volunteered to work as an English teacher in a primary school for children of migrant workers. To be accurate, I didn’t volunteer. I was dragged in. When my friends first hit upon the idea of this project, I was all against it: “What? To spend my vacation standing in the heat, yelling at a bunch of nine-year-olds who couldn’t even speak proper Putonghua? After all, there’s no pay for my toil. No, I’m not going.” But my friends twisted my arms to have me join them.
Unexpectedly, the first lesson I taught turned out a lesson for me. The moment I stepped into the shabby classroom, I was touched by the loud, respectful voices in unison: “Good morning, teacher!” Instead of fooling around, the children were thirsty for knowledge and efficient in absorbing everything I was able to give them. I started to blame myself because I hadn’t even prepared for the class. During the break, I leaned over the squeaky desk, chatting with a sweaty boy in the front row: “Without air-conditioning, it’s pretty hot here. Are you tired?”
“Not at all,” said he, shaking his head. “It’s fine here. My Dad builds asphalt roads. That is really tiring and hot.”
As summer advanced, my enthusiasm as a teacher grew. I prepared my teaching carefully and even used some methods my teachers used. I organized many group activities to give the kids fun. Strangely enough, the heat was also becoming less and less unbearable.
Soon, my one-month volunteer work came to an end. When I was leaving my last class, I turned back and saw smiling faces and waving hands. Never before had I ever had such a feeling of sadness, which was nevertheless mixed with a sense of enrichment, fulfillment and happiness. I was paid for my work, amply paid, not in terms of money, but something more valuable.
My English was improved. I was able to teach it, although not very professional.
I learned about the grassroots-level society. Inside myself a heart is growing, a heart that not only beats for myself, but cares for others as well. The volunteer work gave me a precious little chance to say thanks to people like the little boy’s father, who construct highways and undergrounds, build up modern skyscrapers, and make our cities more and more beautiful. To help the children with their English was all I could do at present to show my gratitude to these unsung heroes. The world may not have been fair to them, so people like me are obliged to do whatever we can to help make their life better. Whatever I do for them, however, I know it cannot be compared with what they have done to improve the quality of life in our cities.
Ladies and gentlemen, now I realize that volunteering is not just a one-time personal experience. It should be a lifetime activity of everybody. Many of us are now offering our assistance to the needy and to each other. Our efforts have indeed made a difference. Whether we are helping children with their schooling, or caring for the elderly in nursing homes, or helping out with 2008 Beijing Olympics, we will not only contribute to the harmony of the world but also elevate ourselves. Emerson once said, “It’s one of the most beautiful compensations of this life that no man can sincerely try to help another without helping himself.” He was right.
I hear that my university is going to organize another voluntary teaching program this summer. This time I won’t be dragged in. I will volunteer.
第十一届“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲比赛冠军—曹丰
Our Future: A Battle between Dreams and Reality
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen:
When I was in the primary school, I have a dream. I want to invent a device which could bring you from one place to another in no time at all. When I was in the secondary school, my dream was to study in my ideal university. And when eventually I got into the university, my dream was to graduate.
How pathetic! When we grow up, we dream less and become more realistic. Why? Why do we have to change our dreams, so, so in order to let it be "fulfilled"? Why do we have to surrender to the so-called "reality"? What IS the reality actually?
Ladies and gentlemen, the reality is not real. It is a barrier keeping us from all the possible fantasies. Flying, for example, had been a dream to mankind for thousands of years. A hundred years ago, "man could not fly" was still regarded as the "reality". Now if that was really the reality, what did the Wright brothers do? How did some of you get to Macau? Only when we believe that the reality is not real can we soar with our dreams.
People say that our future is a battle between the reality and our dreams. And if, unfortunately, Mr. Reality wins this war, then I see no future of mankind at all. AIDS will never be curable as this IS the reality; People living in the undeveloped countries will suffer from starvation forever as this IS the reality; 4)Disputes among different countries would never be settled as this misunderstandings and intolerance IS the reality.
Ladies and gentlemen, how many of you have a dream of being able to make a lot of money? Please raise your hands. Oh, quite a number of you! Actually, ladies and gentlemen, this is not a dream, but a task. Every one of us has to make a living, right? Anyway I hope your task will be accomplished. How many of you think that you have already fulfilled your dream and that you don't dream anymore? Dear 5)adjudicators, what do you think? C.S. Lewis once said, "You are never too old to dream a new dream." So for our future, please dream and be unrealistic.
Now that I am a university student, my goal is to graduate with excellences. But at the same time, I have a dream deeply rooted in our future. One day, people living in the areas now 6)sweltering with the horror of wars will be able to sit with their families and enjoy their every moment. One day, people from the rich countries are willing to share what they have with those from the poor countries and those from the poor countries will eventually be able to make their own happy living themselves. One day, different cultures in this age of globalization will coexist with tolerance and the unfriendly confrontations among them will be 7)eliminated. One day, the globe will share the dream with me and we will all contribute to making our dream come true. One day, our dream will defeat the reality! Thank you very much.
第十四届“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲比赛冠军—金璐
What would you do if you had only one day left to live?
“What would you do if you had only one day left to live?”
I asked this question to my young students when teaching English this winter. What were their answers?
“I would watch television!” the first answer. “I would play with the computer!” the second one. “I would play with computer TOO.” The girl finished her sentence perfectly with a serious smile. Indeed how cute and innocent that smile was, but how seriously my heart was hurt. I was too frightened to listen to more answers like that.
Ten years ago, at their age, I had a different answer: I would spend the last day of my life gazing at the face of my dear grandmother until I inscribed every detail of it onto my mind.
When grandmother was getting old and weak, my family bought her a telephone so I could save time and the trouble of traveling to her home by making phone calls instead. Later we bought her a television so she could watch modern dramas by herself. Then grandma must have been, we assumed, very contented and happy.
But I never really knew how grandma felt. She silently passed away without a word one night. When I heard about her death, a chilling pain pierced my empty heart. The pain grew even sharper as I tried to remember in detail exactly how grandma looked and I failed completely! How could I remember? I had not visited her for ages—it seemed like a century! My memories of her dissolved into thin air and leaked away like water.
Even though I have a telephone, can she hear me now?
Even though I might be on television, can she see me now?
Even though I have modern telecommunications, can she still communicate with me now?
With all these “tele”s, I was powerless.
Don’t people just love the word of “tele”, which means far away. Indeed this is how modern technology has changed our world. But please don’t forget this other word with “tele”: telepathy: which refers to human beings’ inborn ability to connect to our loved ones. Our minds are supposed to read each other’s minds; our hearts are supposed to feel each other’s hearts — and fulfill these without any forms of tool!
But the moment I desperately struggled to remember grandmother’s face, the telepathy between her and me had shut down forever. With the help of modern technology, I killed our telepathy.
This shall never happen again! The “tele”s are great inventions. But “telepathy” gives them the warmth of a human face. Let’s harness the power of television to excite our kids to develop their telepathy with nature… so that they can read the secret language of flowers. Let’s make the telephone lines provoke us to preserve our telepathy with each other, so we can connect in a warm and feeling way. Let technology keep our “telepathy” ALIVE! We need to wake up and make this happen.
I told my grandma’s story to those young kids that day. They got very quiet. They asked me for a second chance to answer the question. They had come to a new understanding – that very moment they had made to me and to our future together, a dear promise.
Thank you very much!
4、演讲稿的撰写
1. 自己的亲身经历可以谈,但不要局限
2. 一定要搜集自己以外的资料,从以下几方面选择材料一般能取得较好的效果:
(一)新闻事件真实而新鲜,知识性强、时效性强。
(二)亲身经历或亲眼所见富于真情实感,有利于打动听众。
(三)名人事迹借助名人效应,说服力强。
(四)有真实数据的统计资料令人信服
(五)旧事新议赋予人们所熟悉的事物以新意或从一个新的角度来议论一个旧话题能激发起听众的兴趣。演讲材料切忌陈词滥调。
(五)站在听众立场选择材料,易唤起听众的切身感受。
(六)幽默风趣的材料能够寓教于乐,老少咸宜、雅俗共赏,并有助于活跃现场气氛。
3. 关于撰写演讲稿过程
选题——头脑风暴——收集资料——多读多看多思考——确定提纲——材料的取舍——下笔成文——请室友改——请指导老师改
5、演讲前的练习
1. 朗读与背诵
2. 对手势、动作、声音、表情的设计与处理
3. 请室友录像,帮助修改
4. 反复修改与操练
6、怎样回答老师的提问
1. 对评委的问题的回答其实就是一个即兴演讲,那么怎样进行即兴演讲呢?
美国公共演讲专家理查德为我们归纳了一个即兴演讲的“精选结构模式”,比较实用。他劝演讲者以这样四句话作为提示信号:
喂,请注意!(一开头就以“耸人听闻”的悬念激起听众的注意)
为什么要费口舌?(以警醒的议论“勾”住听众的感知兴趣)
举出典型的例子。(形象化地将自己的观点印入听众的脑海)
怎么办?(说明应该怎么做,满足听众的诠释期待)
2. 即兴演讲思路训练2
7、建议
1. 输入是输出的前提,所以要多背诵美文,如《新东方美文30篇》
2. 多在优酷、网易、搜狐甚至暴风影音教育频道收看中英文名人演讲、TED等视频
3. 推荐陈安之的《16种非常实用的训练口才的方法》,找对方法、坚持不懈、提升自己
4. 推荐“英语演讲与辩论博客——斯碧驰”
