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Sustainable manufacturing for obsolete computers b

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Sustainable manufacturing for obsolete computers b

V01.12Supple.2J.CENT.SOUTHUNIV.TECHNOL.Oct.2005ArticleID:1005—9784(2005)S2—0138—04Sustainablemanufacturingforobsoletecomputersbasedon3Rengineering①SHIPei-jing(史佩京),XUYi(许一),WANGHong-mei(:E/≤t美),XUBin-shi(徐滨士)(NationalKeyLaboratoryforRemanufacturing,
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导读V01.12Supple.2J.CENT.SOUTHUNIV.TECHNOL.Oct.2005ArticleID:1005—9784(2005)S2—0138—04Sustainablemanufacturingforobsoletecomputersbasedon3Rengineering①SHIPei-jing(史佩京),XUYi(许一),WANGHong-mei(:E/≤t美),XUBin-shi(徐滨士)(NationalKeyLaboratoryforRemanufacturing,
V01.12Supple.2J.CENT.SOUTHUNIV.TECHNOL.Oct.2005ArticleID:1005—9784(2005)S2—0138—04

Sustainablemanufacturingfor

obsoletecomputersbasedon3Rengineering①

SHIPei-jing(史佩京),XUYi(许一),WANGHong-mei(:E/≤t美),XUBin-shi(徐滨士)(NationalKeyLaboratoryforRemanufacturing,Beijing100072,China)

Abstract:Thevolumetendencyofin-useandend-of-lifecomputersinChinawereanalyzed;theemergingdangerof

obsoletecomputersbyincorrecttreatmentwassummarized;theintegrationdisposaltechnologiesbased3R(recy-cle,remanufactureandreuse)engineeringaimingatmonitors,electronicdevices,metals,plasticsmaterials。and

overallcomputerswereputforward;theeconomicandsocialbenefitswerealsoanalyzed.Theresultsshowthattheintegrationdisposalprocessofobsoletecomputerisanoptimumapproachtotheofelectromechanical

products.Remanufacturinganddisposal100thousandobsoletecomputersperyearcancreateprofitsaboutRMBl0millionyuanandprovideemploymentfor300persons.Itbededucedthattheregreatpotentialopportunities

fortheobsoletecomputersdisposalindustrycontainingrecycle,remanufactureandengineering.

Keywords:sustainablemanufacturing;obsoletecomputer;reuse;remanufacture;recycle;cycleeconomy

CLCnumber:THl6;E927Documentcode:A

lINTRoDUCTIoN

Computerisflkindofelectricalproductswithlifeabout2—6years.Withthedevelopmentofsci—ence

andtechnology,theupdatingspeedofcom—puter

hasacceleratedobviously.Inrecentlyyears,thetotalsalesvolumeofcomputerisabout36.7millionperyearinAmerican,amongthesecom-puters,theaveragein-uselivesareabout18months[¨.In1998。thevolumeofend—of-lifecom—putersinAmericanreached20million,however,only11%oftheseobsoletecomputerswerere—used.In2005。itwasestimatedthatifflnewCOl—putersoldinmarket,aobsoletecomputerwoulde—merge[2川.AndinChina。thevolumeofin-usecomputerswasmorethan70millionandthevol—umeofend-of-lifecomputerswasupto12millionbytheendof2004Is].

Incommon,manufacturingonepersonalCOl—puterneedsapproximate700kindsofchemicalrawmaterials,andmostoftheserawmaterialsareharmful.Becauseoflackingeffectiveandscientificmethodsforobsoletecomputer,somewastecom—putermaterialsaremixedwithnormallyrubbishandburiedorexposedinnatureenvironment.Therefore,theenvironmentalpollutionfrom“computerrubbish”hasbecomeseriousproblems.Accordingtoabroadexperiencefordisposalobsoletecomputer,about80%componentsofcomputercanberecycledandreused,20%compo—nentscanberemanufactured.Therefore,carrying

outthesustainableintegrationdisposaltechnolo—gies(recycle,remanufactureandreuse)aimingatmonitors,electronicdevices,metals,plasticsma—terials,andoverallcomputerscanmakefulluseofresources,savematerialsandprotectenvironment.Itwillplayanimportantroleinenrichingthecycleeconomyandacceleratingthedevelopmentofna—tionaleconomy.

2SUSTAINABLEMANUFACTURINGTECH.NIQUEFOROBSOLETECoMPUTER

ThereareeighthundredmilliontonssolidrubbishemergedperyearinChina,andthevolumeofobsoletemoni‘torandhostcomputeriS80一160thousandtons[61.Besidessomeharmfulmaterials.therearelotsofvaluablematerialsinobsoletecom—puters,mostofthemcanberecycledandreused.Itwasreportedthatthereare3.15hundredmillionobsoletecomputersinAmericanin2004,andthesecomputerscontainedaboutfourbillionpoundsplastics,1.5billionpoundscadmium,1.2billionpoundschromium,onebillionpoundsleadandlotsofmercury[71.Fig.1showstheproportionofmainmaterialsinobsoletecomputer.It

canbeseenthatplastic,ferrousmetalandprintercircuitboardarethemainreusableresources,andtherearesomepreciousmetalsinprintercircuitboard.Table1liststheproportionandcompositionofpreciousmetalcontainedincomputerprintercircuitbofirdiS3.

①Foundationitem:Project(50235030)supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina

Receiveddate:2005—06—15;Accepteddate:2005一08—08

Correspondence:SHIPei-jing,PhDcandidate;Tel{+86—10—66718541;E—mail:peijing_shi@sohu.cornSHIPei-jing,etal:Sustainablemanufacturingforobsoletecomputersbased3Rengineering·139·

Fig.1Proportion

inobsoleteofmainmaterialscomputer

Table1Proportionofpreciousmetals

inprintedcircuitboardperton

ComponentContent/gComponentContent/gCu286Cd0.79

Fe90Ta0.38Bromide56MO0.31Pb54Pd0.25

Sn44Be0.18

Ni40CO0.17

Sb22Ce0.10

Zn9Pt0.07

Ag1La0.06

AU1Hg0.02

Therefore。thereiSgoodfoundationforohso—letecomputerremanufacturing.Forexample,manydiodesandtriodescanbereuseddirectly‘;somenonferrousmetal,preciousmetalandplasticscanberecycled;mainboard,networkcardandharddiskcanberemanufactured.Byuseofthein—tegrationtechnology,thecomputerservicelifecanbeprolonged.Meanwhile,therearegreatdiversityandhierarchyconsumptionwithdifferentresident,lotsofcomputerrejectedbycitycanbereusedinruraltown.Besides,plentyofexperienceandlotsofkeytechnologiescanbeaccumulatedanddeve—lopedbyuseofmodernizedtechnology,andalltheseinformationcanguidethesustainabledesignforcomDuterandobtainbetterreclaimingperfor-mance[9|.Fig.2showstheintegrationprocesschartofreclaimingandremanufacturingtechniqueforobsoletecomputer.

2.1ReclaiminganddisassemblytechnologyTherearemanydifferentkindsofcomputerproducedbydifferentcompany.Therefore,theideaof“sweepingreclaiming,scientificclassify,

professionaltreatmentandharmlessreused”shouldbecarriedoutduringthereclaiminganddis—assembleprocess[10|.So,apermanentcompanyshouldbesetupandofferservicebynetworktoreclaimobsoletecomputer.Meanwhile,some

spe—cialfacilitiesshouldbeusedtodisassembletheob—soletecomputerbyprofessionalemployees.Then,thecomponentsshouldbeclassifiedandcentralizedmanagement.

2.2DiagnosingandlifeevaluationtechnologySpecialfacilityisusedtodiagnosesomemajorandvaluablehardware(mainboard,harddisk,floppydrive,etc.)andevaluatetheresiduallife.Fig.3showsthemainhardwaredetectiontester.Amongtheobsoletecomputers,somehardwarebeinginoptimaloperatingperiodcanbeusedasnewpartsdirectlyafterdetectingandcleaning,and

somehardwarewithlittledamagealso

canbere—usedassparepartsafterdetectingandrepairing.

2.3Remanufaetureandreusetechnology

Basedonthedisassemblinganddiagnosingprocess,somereusablecomponentscanbeupgradedandremanufactured.SuchasCPUproces—sor,displaycardandEMSmemorycanbeupgra—dedbyuseofoverfrequencymethod;mainboardcanbeupgradedbyrefreshBIOSprogramorrenew

CMOSprocessor:harddiskorfloppydrive

canbereusedinnewcomputerafterbeingrepaired[11·"3.

Fig.2Integrationprocessremanufacturingtechniquechartofreclaimingandforobsolete

computer

.140.

JournalCSUT

V01.12

Supph,.2

2005

2.4

RecycletechnologyThere

are

threecommonresource

ways

tore—

cycleprintercircuitboard,CRTmonitoror

otherelectroniccomponents(dry

method,wetmethod

andphysicalmethod).Amongthemethods,themostregularandscientificwayisphysicalmethod,itis

widelyusedinJapanandwestern

countries.

However,insomedevelopingcountries,dry

or

wetmethodiSstillusedintherecycleprocess.Theprocess

ofphysicalmethodincludesmaterialidenti-

fication,chipseparation,comminutionandopti—

mized

selectionCl3—1引.Fig.4shows

therecycleprocess

for

wasteprintercircuitboard.Itcanbe

seen

that

someferrous

metal,nonferrousmetalandpreciousmetalare

recycledandrefinedbythe

methods

of

commlnUtlOn,masschoosing,magnettc

choosingand

erratic

current

separation.Then,

about90%ofmetalandplastic

materialscanbere-cycled,only

10%residue

can

beburied

or

fired.

3BENEFITANALYSIS

Thejobofremanufacturingandreusingcorn-

puter

belongs

to

labordensityindustryand

needs

lotsofmanual1abors.Therefore,itcan

provide1argeremployment.、Table2andTable3

listthe

salesprofitanalysisbased

on

reusingandremanu—facturingsinglecomputerand

100thousandcorn—

puters

respectively.ThoughrecyclingaCRTmo—

nitorwill10SSRMB9.05yuan.employingintegra—tionremanufacturingtechnologywillmakeprofits.

Remanufacturinganddisposal100thousandobso—

letecomputersperyearcancreateprofitsaboutRMBIOmillionyuanandprovideemploymentfor300persons.

Fig.3

Somehardwaredetection

testers

(a)一Mainboard

detection

tester)(b)--EMSmemory

detection

tester;

(c)一Harddiskdetectiontester

Fig.4

Recyclemetalprocessforwasteprintercircuitboard

Table2

Costsandsalesprofitsanalysisofreusingand

remanufacturingsinglecomputer(yuan(RMB))

Reuse

Hostcomputer

CRTmonitor

Remanufacture

Component

Manufacturing

116.8

35.66310.62310.62Salesvalue133.85

28.01

850

543.3Profits

10.36——9.05

496.88

205.48

Table3

Integratedprofitsanalysisbased

on

remanufacturingand

reusing100thousandcomputers(thousandyuan(RMB))

Reuse(80thousand)

Item

Hostcomputer

CRT

monitor

Subtotal

ReInanufacture(20thousand)Amount

Salesvalue1070.8224.081294.881720.963015.84

Profits

82.88

—72.4

10.48

993.76

1004.24

1)Largequantityobsoletecomputerleadsto

environmentpollutionandresourcewaste.Among

theseelectronicrubbish,about80%components

ofcomputercanberecycleandreused,20%tom-

ponentscanberemanufactured.

2)Carryingoutthesustainableintegration

disposaltechnologies(recycle,remanufactureand

reuse)aimingatmonitors,electronicdevices,met—

alsandplasticsmaterialscanmakefulluseofre—

sources,savematerialsand

protect

environment.

3)Remanufacturinganddisposal100thou—sandobsoletecomputersperyearcancreateprofitsaboutRMBIOmillionyuanandprovideemploy—mentfor300

persons.

[1][2][3][4][5]

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(EditedbyLIXiang-qun)

Sustainable manufacturing for obsolete computers

based on 3R engineering

作者:SHI Pei-jing, XU Yi, WANG Hong-mei, XU Bin-shi

作者单位:National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, China

刊名:

中南工业大学学报(英文版)

英文刊名:JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(ENGLISH EDITION)

年,卷(期):2005,12(z2)

引用次数:0次

1.邓智明.李亚男关于防止废旧电器、电子产品回收处理行业环境污染的研究[期刊论文]-环境保护 2003(1)

2.童昕电子废弃物资源化利用的现状及发展[期刊论文]-科技导报 2002(8)

3.Daniel V.Guide R Jr.Vaidyanathan Jayaraman Production planning and control for remanufacturing:a state-of-the-art survey 1999

4.Geraldo F.Robert U The impact of remanufacturing in the economy 2000

5.Daniel V.Guide R Jr Production planning and control for remanufacturing:industry practice and research needs 2000

6.李虹废旧电脑的综合治理[期刊论文]-环境保护科学 2002(4)

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8.林逢春.王珏废旧电脑的环境管理与回收利用体系[期刊论文]-环境卫生工程 2003(2)

9.JIANG Bo-xin.CAI Yan-xiu.ZHANG Xiao-dong Study on the reusing condition and technology of waste computer 2002(11)

10.PEI Sbu.CHEN Shi-xing Research on recycle and remanufacture for computer 2000(11)

11.WANG Hai-dou.ZHUANG Da-ming.WANG Kunlin Comparative investigation on tribological properties of ion sulfuration layers under dry friction 2002(7)

12.WANG Hai-dou.ZHUANG Da-ming.WANG Kun lin Microstructure and wear behaviors of ion sulfide layer on high-speed steel 2002(19)

13.Antrekowitsch H.Prior F Recycling of metals and plastics from electronic scrap 2004

14.TONG Liang On the necessity of establishing thelegislation on recycling economy 2002(1)

15.王庚关于我国废旧家电回收与再利用的立法问题[期刊论文]-佳木斯大学社会科学学报 2002(3)

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Sustainable manufacturing for obsolete computers b

V01.12Supple.2J.CENT.SOUTHUNIV.TECHNOL.Oct.2005ArticleID:1005—9784(2005)S2—0138—04Sustainablemanufacturingforobsoletecomputersbasedon3Rengineering①SHIPei-jing(史佩京),XUYi(许一),WANGHong-mei(:E/≤t美),XUBin-shi(徐滨士)(NationalKeyLaboratoryforRemanufacturing,
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