Sustainablemanufacturingfor
obsoletecomputersbasedon3Rengineering①
SHIPei-jing(史佩京),XUYi(许一),WANGHong-mei(:E/≤t美),XUBin-shi(徐滨士)(NationalKeyLaboratoryforRemanufacturing,Beijing100072,China)
Abstract:Thevolumetendencyofin-useandend-of-lifecomputersinChinawereanalyzed;theemergingdangerof
obsoletecomputersbyincorrecttreatmentwassummarized;theintegrationdisposaltechnologiesbased3R(recy-cle,remanufactureandreuse)engineeringaimingatmonitors,electronicdevices,metals,plasticsmaterials。and
overallcomputerswereputforward;theeconomicandsocialbenefitswerealsoanalyzed.Theresultsshowthattheintegrationdisposalprocessofobsoletecomputerisanoptimumapproachtotheofelectromechanical
products.Remanufacturinganddisposal100thousandobsoletecomputersperyearcancreateprofitsaboutRMBl0millionyuanandprovideemploymentfor300persons.Itbededucedthattheregreatpotentialopportunities
fortheobsoletecomputersdisposalindustrycontainingrecycle,remanufactureandengineering.
Keywords:sustainablemanufacturing;obsoletecomputer;reuse;remanufacture;recycle;cycleeconomy
CLCnumber:THl6;E927Documentcode:A
lINTRoDUCTIoN
Computerisflkindofelectricalproductswithlifeabout2—6years.Withthedevelopmentofsci—ence
andtechnology,theupdatingspeedofcom—puter
hasacceleratedobviously.Inrecentlyyears,thetotalsalesvolumeofcomputerisabout36.7millionperyearinAmerican,amongthesecom-puters,theaveragein-uselivesareabout18months[¨.In1998。thevolumeofend—of-lifecom—putersinAmericanreached20million,however,only11%oftheseobsoletecomputerswerere—used.In2005。itwasestimatedthatifflnewCOl—putersoldinmarket,aobsoletecomputerwoulde—merge[2川.AndinChina。thevolumeofin-usecomputerswasmorethan70millionandthevol—umeofend-of-lifecomputerswasupto12millionbytheendof2004Is].
Incommon,manufacturingonepersonalCOl—puterneedsapproximate700kindsofchemicalrawmaterials,andmostoftheserawmaterialsareharmful.Becauseoflackingeffectiveandscientificmethodsforobsoletecomputer,somewastecom—putermaterialsaremixedwithnormallyrubbishandburiedorexposedinnatureenvironment.Therefore,theenvironmentalpollutionfrom“computerrubbish”hasbecomeseriousproblems.Accordingtoabroadexperiencefordisposalobsoletecomputer,about80%componentsofcomputercanberecycledandreused,20%compo—nentscanberemanufactured.Therefore,carrying
outthesustainableintegrationdisposaltechnolo—gies(recycle,remanufactureandreuse)aimingatmonitors,electronicdevices,metals,plasticsma—terials,andoverallcomputerscanmakefulluseofresources,savematerialsandprotectenvironment.Itwillplayanimportantroleinenrichingthecycleeconomyandacceleratingthedevelopmentofna—tionaleconomy.
2SUSTAINABLEMANUFACTURINGTECH.NIQUEFOROBSOLETECoMPUTER
ThereareeighthundredmilliontonssolidrubbishemergedperyearinChina,andthevolumeofobsoletemoni‘torandhostcomputeriS80一160thousandtons[61.Besidessomeharmfulmaterials.therearelotsofvaluablematerialsinobsoletecom—puters,mostofthemcanberecycledandreused.Itwasreportedthatthereare3.15hundredmillionobsoletecomputersinAmericanin2004,andthesecomputerscontainedaboutfourbillionpoundsplastics,1.5billionpoundscadmium,1.2billionpoundschromium,onebillionpoundsleadandlotsofmercury[71.Fig.1showstheproportionofmainmaterialsinobsoletecomputer.It
canbeseenthatplastic,ferrousmetalandprintercircuitboardarethemainreusableresources,andtherearesomepreciousmetalsinprintercircuitboard.Table1liststheproportionandcompositionofpreciousmetalcontainedincomputerprintercircuitbofirdiS3.
①Foundationitem:Project(50235030)supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina
Receiveddate:2005—06—15;Accepteddate:2005一08—08
Correspondence:SHIPei-jing,PhDcandidate;Tel{+86—10—66718541;E—mail:peijing_shi@sohu.cornSHIPei-jing,etal:Sustainablemanufacturingforobsoletecomputersbased3Rengineering·139·
Fig.1Proportion
inobsoleteofmainmaterialscomputer
Table1Proportionofpreciousmetals
inprintedcircuitboardperton
ComponentContent/gComponentContent/gCu286Cd0.79
Fe90Ta0.38Bromide56MO0.31Pb54Pd0.25
Sn44Be0.18
Ni40CO0.17
Sb22Ce0.10
Zn9Pt0.07
Ag1La0.06
AU1Hg0.02
Therefore。thereiSgoodfoundationforohso—letecomputerremanufacturing.Forexample,manydiodesandtriodescanbereuseddirectly‘;somenonferrousmetal,preciousmetalandplasticscanberecycled;mainboard,networkcardandharddiskcanberemanufactured.Byuseofthein—tegrationtechnology,thecomputerservicelifecanbeprolonged.Meanwhile,therearegreatdiversityandhierarchyconsumptionwithdifferentresident,lotsofcomputerrejectedbycitycanbereusedinruraltown.Besides,plentyofexperienceandlotsofkeytechnologiescanbeaccumulatedanddeve—lopedbyuseofmodernizedtechnology,andalltheseinformationcanguidethesustainabledesignforcomDuterandobtainbetterreclaimingperfor-mance[9|.Fig.2showstheintegrationprocesschartofreclaimingandremanufacturingtechniqueforobsoletecomputer.
2.1ReclaiminganddisassemblytechnologyTherearemanydifferentkindsofcomputerproducedbydifferentcompany.Therefore,theideaof“sweepingreclaiming,scientificclassify,
professionaltreatmentandharmlessreused”shouldbecarriedoutduringthereclaiminganddis—assembleprocess[10|.So,apermanentcompanyshouldbesetupandofferservicebynetworktoreclaimobsoletecomputer.Meanwhile,some
spe—cialfacilitiesshouldbeusedtodisassembletheob—soletecomputerbyprofessionalemployees.Then,thecomponentsshouldbeclassifiedandcentralizedmanagement.
2.2DiagnosingandlifeevaluationtechnologySpecialfacilityisusedtodiagnosesomemajorandvaluablehardware(mainboard,harddisk,floppydrive,etc.)andevaluatetheresiduallife.Fig.3showsthemainhardwaredetectiontester.Amongtheobsoletecomputers,somehardwarebeinginoptimaloperatingperiodcanbeusedasnewpartsdirectlyafterdetectingandcleaning,and
somehardwarewithlittledamagealso
canbere—usedassparepartsafterdetectingandrepairing.
2.3Remanufaetureandreusetechnology
Basedonthedisassemblinganddiagnosingprocess,somereusablecomponentscanbeupgradedandremanufactured.SuchasCPUproces—sor,displaycardandEMSmemorycanbeupgra—dedbyuseofoverfrequencymethod;mainboardcanbeupgradedbyrefreshBIOSprogramorrenew
CMOSprocessor:harddiskorfloppydrive
canbereusedinnewcomputerafterbeingrepaired[11·"3.
Fig.2Integrationprocessremanufacturingtechniquechartofreclaimingandforobsolete
computer
.140.
JournalCSUT
V01.12
Supph,.2
2005
2.4
RecycletechnologyThere
are
threecommonresource
ways
tore—
cycleprintercircuitboard,CRTmonitoror
otherelectroniccomponents(dry
method,wetmethod
andphysicalmethod).Amongthemethods,themostregularandscientificwayisphysicalmethod,itis
widelyusedinJapanandwestern
countries.
However,insomedevelopingcountries,dry
or
wetmethodiSstillusedintherecycleprocess.Theprocess
ofphysicalmethodincludesmaterialidenti-
fication,chipseparation,comminutionandopti—
mized
selectionCl3—1引.Fig.4shows
therecycleprocess
for
wasteprintercircuitboard.Itcanbe
seen
that
someferrous
metal,nonferrousmetalandpreciousmetalare
recycledandrefinedbythe
methods
of
commlnUtlOn,masschoosing,magnettc
choosingand
erratic
current
separation.Then,
about90%ofmetalandplastic
materialscanbere-cycled,only
10%residue
can
beburied
or
fired.
3BENEFITANALYSIS
Thejobofremanufacturingandreusingcorn-
puter
belongs
to
labordensityindustryand
needs
lotsofmanual1abors.Therefore,itcan
provide1argeremployment.、Table2andTable3
listthe
salesprofitanalysisbased
on
reusingandremanu—facturingsinglecomputerand
100thousandcorn—
puters
respectively.ThoughrecyclingaCRTmo—
nitorwill10SSRMB9.05yuan.employingintegra—tionremanufacturingtechnologywillmakeprofits.
Remanufacturinganddisposal100thousandobso—
letecomputersperyearcancreateprofitsaboutRMBIOmillionyuanandprovideemploymentfor300persons.
Fig.3
Somehardwaredetection
testers
(a)一Mainboard
detection
tester)(b)--EMSmemory
detection
tester;
(c)一Harddiskdetectiontester
Fig.4
Recyclemetalprocessforwasteprintercircuitboard
Table2
Costsandsalesprofitsanalysisofreusingand
remanufacturingsinglecomputer(yuan(RMB))
Reuse
Hostcomputer
CRTmonitor
Remanufacture
Component
Manufacturing
116.8
35.66310.62310.62Salesvalue133.85
28.01
850
543.3Profits
10.36——9.05
496.88
205.48
Table3
Integratedprofitsanalysisbased
on
remanufacturingand
reusing100thousandcomputers(thousandyuan(RMB))
Reuse(80thousand)
Item
Hostcomputer
CRT
monitor
Subtotal
ReInanufacture(20thousand)Amount
Salesvalue1070.8224.081294.881720.963015.84
Profits
82.88
—72.4
10.48
993.76
1004.24
1)Largequantityobsoletecomputerleadsto
environmentpollutionandresourcewaste.Among
theseelectronicrubbish,about80%components
ofcomputercanberecycleandreused,20%tom-
ponentscanberemanufactured.
2)Carryingoutthesustainableintegration
disposaltechnologies(recycle,remanufactureand
reuse)aimingatmonitors,electronicdevices,met—
alsandplasticsmaterialscanmakefulluseofre—
sources,savematerialsand
protect
environment.
3)Remanufacturinganddisposal100thou—sandobsoletecomputersperyearcancreateprofitsaboutRMBIOmillionyuanandprovideemploy—mentfor300
persons.
[1][2][3][4][5]
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(EditedbyLIXiang-qun)
Sustainable manufacturing for obsolete computers
based on 3R engineering
作者:SHI Pei-jing, XU Yi, WANG Hong-mei, XU Bin-shi
作者单位:National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, China
刊名:
中南工业大学学报(英文版)
英文刊名:JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(ENGLISH EDITION)
年,卷(期):2005,12(z2)
引用次数:0次
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