The Scarlet Letter
The author:
Nathaniel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne. His ancestors include John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne". He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824, [1] and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne anonymously published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals, which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. Hawthorne died on May 19, 18, leaving behind his wife and their three children.
Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic Movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Franklin Pierce.
The background of the story:
The book was published in 1850, the year in which the Clay Compromise postponed the American Civil War, The Scarlet Letter’s a romance set in the years from 12 to 19, when Puritans were fighting the English civil war over the ultimate meaning of England.
The characters:
The hero is a woman named Hester Prynne. She is a beautiful young woman who has forced to marry an old man. She came to America alone and taken in adultery. She fell in love with a pastor and gave birth to a baby girl. Therefore, she has to wear a scarlet letter “A” in front of her dress. The other people in town isolated her and she could only live at the edge of the town. No matter how hard the judges extort a confession from her, she never tells anybody who is the baby’s father.
The little girl Pearl is Hester’s daughter. She is very clever and the press of life makes her more mature than the other children. She noticed the relationship between her mother and the pastor and hated her mother because she will not tell her who her father is.
The pastor named Dimmesdale is pearl’s father. He loves the girl’s mother but due to his milky character, he cannot take his responsibility.
Finally, he overwhelmed by his own mental stress.
Roger Chillingworth is Hester Prynne’s husband. After he found his wife betrayed him, he decided to find that man out by his own hand. He is a scholar and uses his knowledge to disguise himself as a doctor, intent on discovering and tormenting Hester's anonymous lover. He realized the pastor is the girl’s father and exacted his revenge.
The summary of the story:
The story is beginning with a woman, who holds a little baby in her arms and stands in front of a prison. She is Hester. There is a piece of red cloth on her dress. Some people around her are talking because the woman has had an affair, leading to the birth of her daughter. They are trying to force the woman to tell them who is the baby’s father. There is also an old man watching at her a little far away. No matter how they threaten or menace her, she refused to tell them.
The old man is the woman’s husband named Roger Chillingworth. After he found his wife has an affair he decided to find out that man. He threatened Hester to keep his identity secret and pretended as a doctor.
Hester has to live with her daughter at the edge of the town. She is good at embroidering. Her embroidering become famous and she earned lots of money from this. Pearl, the little baby, grows up as a very lovely girl. She has a wayward disposition. In addition, the people because of her kindness eventually accept Hester.
After many years of pry, Roger firmly believes the pastor is the hidden man. Therefore, he tries his best to get close to the pastor and speaks in a roundabout way to torment emotionally or mentally of him.
The pastor’s health becomes poor and poor. Hester determined to expose the real identity of doctor to him. The family wants to escape but Roger discovers it. They failed. At last, pester linked his arm through Hester’s arm and confessed before his entire congregation. He gains the newborn of his soul at the expense of his life.
After the pastor past away, the doctor died soon and Hester moved back to England with her daughter. When Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale.
Comment: the author describes this novel: “The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not to tread. Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been her teachers—stern and wild ones—and they had made her strong, but taught her amiss in the novel, the story between Hester and pastor recalls the story of “Adam and Eve”. It is about the sin. For Hester, she did not like the bible and even did not believe god. She is braver than any others are in those times. She had forced to accept a marriage but she still wants to catch her own happiness. She fell in love with Dimmesdale when her husband was not committed death. In fact, she also felt afraid. She thought herself as a guilty people. Because when Pearl growing up and starting to hate her, she think that as her punishment. For poor and lonely life, she assumed all the physical punishment without a word.
Pearl’s father, the pastor, has suffered a lot on mental. He always torment between his belief and his love. He loves Hester and Pearl but cannot live with them. He believes in god and cannot forgive his guilty. He wants to help others but he is the most miserable people.
In that period, people’s moral value was still very conservative. They could not allow love like Hester and Dimmesdale’s. But this novel, it also concerns about the moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on people in general. The author uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society and showing how they brand sinners for life.
At the end of the story, Hester took her daughter to England but when she dies, she buried with Dimmesdale. Love between them was never changed.