06.考研英语二阅读讲义-观点态度题

观点态度题

【大纲要求】

理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

【题型界定】

该题型询问的是作者或文章中某一人物对某一事件的看法和评价。

【题干特征】

理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

The attitude of the writer toward depression is________.

From the text we can see that the writer seems________.

What's George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders？

简而言之，本题型问作者或文中人物的立场、观点和对事物的评价。值得注意的事，文中人物和作者态度不一定是一致的，必须结合文章具体内容进行判断。

【解题思路】

根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性，或者例子的褒贬性来判断态度

注意：

1.阅读时做好标记（+；—）

2.一般来说，带有绝对化或过于强烈的表达是错误选项，保留态度的比较客观的选项才是正确答案

3.注意看清是作者的态度还是引用别人的态度

4.文中态度若有转折，首选中立客观,没有中立，选转折后，转折前永远不选

选项词汇归纳

1.正面：positive optimistic approval supportive

2.负面：negative pessimistic disapproval critical doubtful suspicious skeptical questionable

3.中立：neutral objective impartial

4.陪跑：uninterested unconcerned indifferent confused puzzled subjective biased prejudice contemptuous

例题一

【2010-3】

例：35.The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is_______.

［A］indifferent

［B］negative

［C］positive

［D］biased

原文：Ⅳ①If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.②A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.③Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.Ⅶ①Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.②As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

例题二

【2013-3】

例：35.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.

[A]tolerant

[B]optimistic

[C]uncertain

[D]doubtful

原文

Ⅰ①Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.

Ⅱ①Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.

②But we need more time to assess other factors.③To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.④It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.

Ⅲ①But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.

②Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read20percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.

③We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.④Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

Ⅳ①Yet we can reverse such influences.②If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.③If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.

V①John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.②When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation:two days,not two seconds.

Ⅵ①Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.②But historically we have spent about12percent of our days contemplating the longer term.

③Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn’t changed our nature.④We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.

例题三

【2014-1】

例：22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is_____.[A]critical[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

原文

①This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”②It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).③Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.④This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

例题四

【2017-1】

例：25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_______.

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

原文：①Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”concept as community sports associations.②If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.③But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.④Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.⑤Or at least not make them worse.

例题五

【2018-1】

例：25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.

[A]supportive

[B]tolerant

[C]disappointed

[D]cautious

原文：Ⅷ①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.

观点态度题的争议题

【2011-1】

例：25.The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.

[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]critical

原文：Ⅱ①Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm’s board.②Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumablyhave enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.③If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

Ⅳ①But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.②Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.③Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.

观点态度题经典范文

2013

Text4

①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.②In particular,the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.③Indeed,women hold only14per cent of positions on European corporate boards.

①The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to60per cent.②This proposed mandate was born of frustration.③Last year,European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.④Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of40per cent female board membership.⑤But her appeal was considered a failure:only24companies took it up.

①Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?

①“Personally,I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently.②“But I like what the quotas do.”

③Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.

①I understand Reding’s reluctance—and her frustration.②I don’t like quotas either;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,governance by the capable.③But,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.

①After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.②When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at —they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

①If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

36.In the European corporate workplace,generally.

[A]women take the lead

[B]men have the final say[C]corporate governance is overwhelmed

[D]senior management is family-friendly

37.The European Union’s intended legislation is.

[A]a reflection of gender balance

[B]a response to Reding’s call

[C]a reluctant choice

[D]a voluntary action

38.According to Reding,quotas may help women.

[A]get top business positions

[B]see through the glass ceiling

[C]balance work and family

[D]anticipate legal results

39.The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of.

[A]skepticism

[B]objectiveness

[C]indifference

[D]approval

40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of.

[A]more social justice

[B]massive media attention

[C]suitable public policies

[D]greater“soft pressure”