1. ---- Two hundred of the tourists were saved from danger in Taiwan, but the rest ________ still missing.
---- If only the travel agency _________ more measures to prevent such accidents.
A. is; has taken B. are; had taken C. is; took D. are; would take
2. ---- How do you find Peter?
---- He ________ be really tough at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A.shall B. should C. can D. must
3.If no passers-by ___________ a blind eye to the injured little Yueyue in Foshan Guangdong, she ____________ alive now.
A.turned; would be B.had turned; would have been
C.turned; would have been D.had turned; would be
4.---The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding.Who do you think can do the job?
---________ my students have a try?
A.Shall B.Must C.Will D.May
5. ---Why didn’t you tell me the truth that day
---I ,but you for Beijing when I went to see you.
A. would have; left B. would ;had been away C. would have; had left D. had; were away
6. Your room is terribly dirty; you_________ get it cleaned in two hours, or Mum will be angry.
A. can B. might C. shall D. may
7. ----I am really surprised that a policeman in his car __________ have hit several common pedestrians, killing one and injuring three.
----Yes, If one __________ ask for trouble, what can we say?
A. would, will B. must, may C. should, must D. need, dare
8.— The terrible accident is under investigation.
— Actually, quicker action ____________ those workers trapped in the mine.
A.might have saved B.must have saved C.should have saved D.could have saved
9. ---I was trying to carry out the plan, but I failed.
---Well, you __________, for we were uncertain it would do __________.
A. needn’t do that, in fact B. needn’t have done, in effect
C. needn’t have, in practice D. needn’t, in time
10. Wherever the Beatles went, masses of fans _________ welcome them at the airport in a phenomenon called “Beatlemania”, some kind of mental illness.
A. should B. would C. could D. must
11. --Aren’t they meeting us here?
--Well, they_______, because they weren’t at home when I rang a few minutes ago.
A. must be B. can’t be C. must D. needn’t be
12. Our parents and teachers often tell us that we ___________ be careful enough no matter
what we do.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
13. — Are you coming to the party?
— I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. might C. should D would
14. I didn’t see her in the conference room this morning. She ________ have done the presentation at the meeting.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. may not
15. Advertisements have become part of our everyday life and so it’s important that everyone of
us _________ ourselves about them to avoid being fooled by them.
A.be educated B.educates C.educate D.is to educate
16. The mother who lost her son insisted that the careless driver __________for the traffic accident ____________ yesterday.
A.was to blame; happening B.be to blame; happened
C.be blamed; was happened D.was to blame; had happened
17. —I’d love to go to the party with you tonight.
—Oh, I’m sorry, there be a party because of the coming exam.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. oughtn’t
18. —Can I pay the bill by check?
—Sorry, Madam, but it is our managing rule that payment ________ be made in cash.
A.shall B.may C.will D.can
19. The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures ________ by the government.
A.must be taken B.be taken C.will be taken D.should take
20. —Hi, Johnson, any idea where Susan is?
—It's class time, so she in the classroom now.
A. can be B. must have been C. might have been D. should be
21. ________the local authorities put more attention to the safety of the children, more then 20
lives _________in Gansu Province.
A. Should, would not be claimed B. Had, would not have been claimed
C. Should, would not be cost D. Had, would not have been cost
22. If only the committee _________ the new environmental regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible!
A. should approve B. will approve C. would approve D. would have approved
23. — How’s the new job going?
— Well, I’m learning a lot of new things, but I’d rather the director ________ me some
feedback soon.
A. give B. will give C. had given D. gave
24. I told him not to go, but he __________ listen. Look, what trouble he has caused!
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shall not
25. Every solid object __________ reflect a sound,varying according to the size and nature of the object.
A. must B. shall C. will D. should
26. You read a book in the sun—it’ll do harm to your eyes.
A.couldn’t B.wouldn’t C.needn’t D. mustn’t
27. ----John, how did your monthly exam go ?
----I thought I____________, but in fact I was among the top 5%of the students
A. should have failed B. couldn’t have failed C. might have failed D. needn’t have failed
28. The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there_________ be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it __________ our expense.
A. would ; on B. might; from C. could; with D. should; at
29. The prices have been rising all the time, especially that of housing. So it is high time the
government __________ action to solve it.
A. takes B. has taken C. took D. to take
30. ___________ fired, your health care and other benefit would not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. May you be
31.I wish that I __________ to go to Jim's party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.
A.hadn't agreed B.haven't agreed C.wouldn't agree D.won't agree
32.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _________ yesterday.
A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened
33. Jeremy Lin, a Chinese American professional basketball player, suddenly stopped and opened his mouth as if ___________ to President Obama.
A. having spoken B. to have spoken C. to speak D. speaking
34. I showed him my new dress but I __________ tell him how much it cost.
A. dared not to B. dared not C. dares not D. does not dare
【解题指要】
情态动词看似简单,但用法相近又复杂多变,有时难以区分。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握。因此考生除了要求能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要能充分利用试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。对于虚拟语气,根据考纲的要求,主要考查情态动词的选择,虚拟语气在条件句、名词性从句、简单句或日常交际等中的基本用法。
鉴于以上情况,在备考中应准确掌握每个情态动词的用法,注重对相近意义的情态动词进行比较,注重和语境结合判断说话人的口气,在辨析中学,在练习中体验、理解和掌握;其次要熟练掌握一些情态动词的固定句式和固定用法。命题者在命题时所提供的有效信息越来越隐蔽,考查的角度也越来越灵活。
【点拨提升】
一、概念导图
二、规律点拨
1、高频考点
1)情态动词的基本用法
2)情态动词的推测用法(对现在的推测;对过去的推测:情态动词+have done)
3)情态动词的虚拟用法(情态动词+have done)
2、常见情态动词的基本用法:
情态
动词 | 用法 | 否定式 | 疑问式与简答 |
can | 能力(体力,智力,技能) 允许或许可(口语中常用) 可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中) | can not / cannot /can’t do | Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. |
could | couldn’t do | ||
may | 可以(问句中表示请求) 可能,或许(表推测) 祝愿(用于倒装句中) may well do理应;有足够的理由做 might as well最好 | may not do | May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. |
might | might not do | Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. | |
must | 必须,应该(表主观要求) 肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测) 非要,偏偏(语气词) | must not/mustn’t do“不许” | Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. |
have to | 只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态人称变化) | don’t have to do | Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. |
ought to | 应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用should | ought not to/oughtn’t to do | Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. |
shall | 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 eg. You shall be rewarded. | shall not/shan’t do | Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. |
should | 应当,应该(表义务责任) 竟然(语气词,含有惊讶、责备等意味) 按理说,按理应该(表示逻辑推测) | should not/shouldn’t do | Should…do…? |
will | 意愿,决心; 请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉 表示习惯、功能 | will not/won’t do | Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. |
would | would not/wouldn’t do | ||
dare | 敢(常用于否定句、疑问句和条件中) | dare not/daren’t do | Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. |
need | 需要 必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中) | need not/needn’t do | Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. |
used to | 过去常常(现在已不再) | used not/usedn’t to do didn’t use to do | Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. |
(a)表示“与过去事实相反”,但不必带有if的从句的用法如下:
1 | should/ought to have done | 原本应该……(但未做到) |
2 | should not/ought not to have done | 原本不应该……(但做了) |
3 | could have done might have done would have done | 原本能/可能 原本可能 原本会 |
4 | could not have done might not have done would not have done | 原本不能 原本不可能 原本不会 |
5 | needn’t have done | 原本不必做 |
1 | must have done | 肯定已经……;当时必然…… |
2 | may have done | 或许已经…… |
3 | can’t have done | 不可能是…… |
类别 | 用法 | |
if引导的条件从句 | 与现在事实相反 | 从句动词:过去式(be用were) 主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形 |
与过去事实相反 | 从句:had+过去分词 主句:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 | |
与将来事实相反 | 从句动词:过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式 主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形 | |
if引导的条件句的倒装 | 如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were、had或should,可将if省略,然后将were、had或should移至主语之前。 | |
混合条件句的虚拟语气 | 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。 | |
其它状语 从句 | as if / as though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 | |
in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might等+动词原形 | ||
宾语从句 | demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形,should可省略 | |
wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和could/would/ might+动词原形表示与现在,过去和将来情况相反 | ||
主语从句 | 在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that… 等从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should 可省略 | |
其它句型中 | It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should 不可省略 | |
would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成式(对过去虚拟) | ||
if only句型中动词常用过去式(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成式(对过去虚拟),表示强烈的愿望 | ||
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 | (1) 用连词otherwise、or、but 等暗示前面的条件。 (2) 用but for、without等介词短语表达条件。 (3) 分词短语表示条件。 |
1.— You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.
—Well, I don’t know. It______do.
A. might B. need C. would D. should
2.He ______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
3.When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B. could C. must D. need
4.Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _____ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk
5.—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
6.No one______be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C. dare D. need
7.Since nobody gave him any help, he______have done the research on his own.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
8.The door _____open , no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't
9.I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
10.It _______be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t
11.If we _______a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
12.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven
13.I should not have laughed if I________you were serious.
A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought
14.If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he_______able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been
15.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
16.—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we_________.
A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't
17. I_______my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
18. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ________ do in China.
A. must B. might C. can D. should
20. If my car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
21. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
22. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced
23. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _____ find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
24. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
25.Statistics indicates that it ______ well be quite some time before the global economy starts to recover.
A.may B. should C. can D.must
26.They advocate the proposal we were opposed ______ rediscussed at the next meeting.
A .to be B. should be C. to was D. will be
27. I______ thank you too much because without your help my son _______ to his dream university.
A. won’t ; can’t be admitted B. can’t ; wouldn’t have been admitted
C. mustn’t ; might not be admitted D.couldn’t ; will not have been admitted
28.—Good morning, sir. You were looking for me just now?
—Yes. I ______ have a talk with you. Will you come to my office now?
A. had better B.would rather C.may as well D. would like to
29.I ______ tell you how relieved I am to know that everyone is safe back home.
A. won’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
30.“Those responsible for the accident______ be punished while those contributing to solving the problems be rewarded,” promised the official then and there.
A. need B. shall C. can D.may
31.—Why hasn’t the babysitter turned up yet?
—She just _______ come for such a small salary. What can I do about it?
A. mustn’t B.won’t C.shan’t D. can’t
32.—Why did you leave him as he was?
—But what ______ otherwise?He never listens to me.
A. could I do B. should I do C. could I have done D. must I have done
33.—Life ______ be very hard for people living in the north of Canada as it is very cold there in winter.
—Yes, the weather there ______ be as low as 60℃ below zero.
A. must ; can B. shall ; must C.will ; should D. can ; must
34.—Guess what, he has decided to enter for tomorrow’s speech contest!
—______ it be possible? He is usually quite shy and reserved.
A. Must B. Would C. Should D. Need
01. A 考查情态动词。根据语境,此处选might表示推测,且把握不大,意为:有可能。
02. C 考查情态动词。根据下文although he tried to得知,他不可能入睡,故答案选C。句意:每当他苦思冥想一个想法时,尽管他很想睡,但是睡不着,一直到想出为止。
03. B 考查情态动词。此处could表示能够。根据句意,当我还是孩童的时候,每当我想看电视的时候都能够看。
04. D 考查情态动词。此处must have done表示对过去发生事情的推测。根据句意:Harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。
05. A 考查情态动词。句意:眼睛那么红,昨晚不可能睡得很好。此处情态动词can’t表示推测,意为:不可能。can’t have done表示对过去的推测,意为:不可能已经干某事。
06. A 考查情态动词表示推测。句意:不可能有人会比他更慷慨;他有一颗善良的心。
07. B 考查情态动词。句意:由于没人帮他,因此他定是一个人做的那个调查。情态动词must表示肯定的推测。
08. C 考查情态动词。情态动词will / would通常用来表示:意愿,习惯,功能。此处表示主语the door失去开的功能,老是打不开。故选C。
09. D 考查情态动词。此处情态动词否定式couldn’t与比较级搭配表示最高级。句意:我过得开心极了—真是完美的一天。
10. B 考查情态动词。根据下文you know a lot of words得知,在练习中不可能是词汇造成了这个问题。couldn’t表示推测,意为:不可能。
11. D考查虚拟语气。根据主句we couldn’t be standing …得知,此题为虚拟语气,且if从句与过去事实相反,应用过去完成时。句意:如果我们早点订桌的话,我们就不可能现在在这里站着排队了。
12. C 考查虚拟语气。根据no得知,George并没有通过驾照考试。此题是对过去情况的虚拟,if so= if he had passed the driving test,因此主句应用情态动词+ have done。句意:如果这样的话(George已经通过驾照考试),他昨天就驾车来我们大学了。
13. C 考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句。根据主句I should not have laughed得知,此题是对过去情况的虚拟,故从句用过去完成时。
14. B 考查错综复杂的虚拟语气句。此题从句时间为before,故与过去事实相反,而主句时间为now,与现在事实相反,则应用情态动词+动词原形。
15. B 考查虚拟语气。注意:recommend推荐,建议,后接宾语从句时应用should+动词原形,且should可省。
16. A 考查虚拟语气。此题与过去事实相反,故if从句使用过去完成时。此处if we hadn’t为if we hadn’t taken an unbrella的省略。此外,It rained cats and dogs相当于It rained heavily.
17. D 考查虚拟语气。根据last night得知,此题是对过去情况的虚拟。句意:昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会,但我没空。注意掌握这种句型的解题技巧:but后接真实情况,but之前则为虚拟语气,且须用情态动词+动词原形或完成时构成。此外,available有空的。
18. C 考查情态动词shall的特殊用法。shall在陈述句中用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。此处表示根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。
19. B 考查情态动词。句意:我靠他们足够近以便听见他们讲汉语,而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might可能,也许。
20. B考查虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语动词可知此句与过去事实相反,故从句谓语动词用过去完成时。句意:要是当初我的车性能更可靠的话,去年夏天我就开车去拉萨而不是乘飞机去了。
21. D 考查虚拟语气。根据the conference wouldn’t have been so successful判断,此题与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时,主句用would / should / might / could have done的形式。句意:如果我们没有做好充分的准备,会议就不会如此成功。
22. C 考查虚拟语气。根据下文but why didn’t you tell me得知,此句与过去事实相反。could have done sth本来能够干某事而实际上并未干。
23. A 考查情态动词。can表示能力。句意:如果我能搞到钱的话,我要和John一起去欧洲度假。根据I’m going to Europe得知,此句并非虚拟语气。
24. D 考查情态动词,needn’t do sth.没有必要做某事。句意:我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我,因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。
25. A 考查情态动词的活用。此处may / might与well连用,表示:有充分的理由,完全能,满可以。此外还有:may / might与as well连用,表示:还是……的好,不妨。may还可表示推测。
26. A 考查虚拟语气中的谓语动词。此题中we were opposed to为定语修饰前面的proposal,在advocate后接的宾语从句中,谓语动词应用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。此处答案还可为:to should be。
27. B 考查含情态动词的固定表达以及含蓄的虚拟语气句。can’t /couldn’t …too…或can’t /couldn’t …enough…意为:无论怎样再不为过,愈……愈好;此处without your help= if you hadn’t helped my son ,与过去事实相反,故选B。
28. D考查情态动词。had betterdo sth.最好干某事;would rather do sth宁愿干某事;may as well do sth.不妨干某事;would like to do sth.想要干某事。根据语境,选D。
29.B 考查情态动词在具体语境中的活用。此处can’t意为:不能够,无法。句意:当得知所有的人都安全返回时,我无法用言语来表达我的轻松感。
30. B 考查情态动词。shall用于表示主语为第二、第三人称的陈述句,表示命令、警告、许诺、威胁。
31. B考查情态动词。此处won’t表示不愿意。
32. C 考查情态动词。根据问句可以看出,此题询问过去的情况。What could I have done otherwise意为:不然我还能咋办呢?
33. A考查情态动词。此题中must表示推测,意为:一定,肯定;can表示客观可能性。
34. C考查情态动词。根据语境分析,此处表示说话人的惊讶,故用should。记住短语:enter for报名参加。