一、近几年试卷总体特征和难易度
英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的,《考试说明》所提供的样题体现了高考英语试卷的总体特征为“突出语篇,注重交际,强调应用。”同时强调“稳定中求发展”。全国英语试卷的理想难易度是0.55左右,而江苏卷的理想难度为0.60左右。下面我们来看一下近几年江苏省英语试卷的难度情况:
年 份 | 难度系数 (P) |
2004年 | 0.668 |
2005年 | 0.602 |
2006年 | 0.651 |
2007年 | 0.679 |
2008年 | 0.62 |
二、合理安排考试时间及答题顺序
开始看试卷后,先填涂好自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号等等。然后抓紧时间看听力,并对试题作出一定的推测,做好标记。听力一般18分钟左右。听力部分连试音到答题总共23分钟左右;还有100分钟时间要完成五个项目,毫无疑问时间是非常紧迫的。选择题要求考生最多10分钟完成;因此建议考生们先做任务型阅读题和书面表达题,用25到30分钟时间;单项选择题大约10分钟左右;完形填空用20分钟左右;最后做阅读理解,阅读理解有4篇文章,每篇文章7分钟左右,大约30分钟完成;这样即使到最后时间来不及的话,也能应付。
三、英语试题命题特点及备考提醒:
(一)、听力
要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能:
1)理解主旨要义;
2)获取事实性的具体信息;
3)对所听内容作出简单推断;
4)理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
选材特点:与日常生活相关,语境真实,话题能够被考生理解和接受。语言结构为口语体,不像书面语言那么严谨,句子一般比较简短,有很多语气词,说话过程中有犹豫、省略、思考、重复等,信息量足,且有多余的信息。
考查特点:
第一节 信息少,只放一遍。一段材料仅设一个问题;所设问题一般都是综合判断题。
Text 2
M: What kind of music do you like?
W: I like classical music. Do you?
M: Well, you see, classical music always sends me to sleep.
2. What does the man think of classical music?
A. He does not like it at all.
B. He prefers it to other music.
C. He enjoys it at bedtime.
Text 3
M: Do you always have weather like this in May?
W: Generally it’s much cooler than this. And I can’t remember when we had such a rainy day.
3. What is the weather usually like in May?
A. Warmer and drier. B. Cooler and drier. C. Warmer and damper.
解题技巧:
听前
1)要快速阅读问题和选项,明确听的目的;
2)有时可根据三个选项先预测判断。
听的过程中
1)注意捕捉一定环境中的特定的交际用语;注意关键词语。
2)注意第二个人所说的内容,一般答题的关键信息常常包含在第二个人的答语中。
3)如果没有听清楚、没有抓住关键词组或没有听懂,暂时放一放,不要影响下一题的答题。
第二节
容易之处:听两遍。
困难之处:包含的信息点更多;对短时记忆的要求更高。
解题技巧:
第一遍:
1)听懂对话主要内容;
2)根据预先阅读的问题和选项,注意与其相关的信息,必要时可做简单记录。
第二遍:
1)复核所获取的细节信息,确定答案;
2)对说话者的意图、观点或态度进行推断。
2008年是江苏省高考英语试题实行高考自行命题以来的第五份试卷,试题的题型设置、难易程度一定会严格按照《考试说明》的要求进行。试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题,其中以中等题为主。2008年的高考,总体上也一定会保持试题的连续性、稳定性。听力部分的试题采用教育部考试中心统一命制的全国卷试题。去年高考听力语速偏慢,今年可能会稍快些。难度估计在0.7左右。
【备考提醒】
1.熟悉命题特点:
主旨大意题: 要求根据所给信息归纳原文的主题或最合适的标题。一般为主观性问题,多为Wh-question形式。对此类题,抓住短文的前两句话尤为重要。
事实细节题: 在听力考试中对事实细节题的考查最多,常见的问题是五个W一个H。此类题难度不大,有时文中直接给出答案,有时可以根据相关词判断。
2.强化语音知识:
考生要注意单词的发音和对话中的语调。因为语调既可区别句子种类,又可表达说话者的态度、情感或某种言外之意。在听单句时,要善于捕捉主要信息,尤其是动词、名词、否定词等。
3.尽快熟悉选择项:
要重视试音过程,正式听力前的一段试音过程,主要是让考生调节情绪,熟悉语音、语调、语速等,使考生尽快进入角色,因此要求考生绝不能忽视试音环节,更不能感到心烦等。在考试中,听力理解所要求的阅读速度高于阅读理解部分所规定的速度,因此,若考生阅读速度慢,则跟不上录音速度,前一个问题还没答完,下一个问题又开始了,造成手忙脚乱,丢失或遗漏大量信息的后果,所以,考生应争取在问题开始前读完选项的内容。
听的时候要精神集中,不要有杂念,因为听的东西非常快就过去了,就是说如果你能够预测就能够提升自信,因为你是带着问题听的,比如一个独白,可能就问三个问题,就三个点,可能就是文章的开头、中间、结尾,无用的信息是非常多的,所以要会听,这一点在听前我们已经做了很多训练。
再一个进考场前一个小时给自己放一点英语的声音,走进考场后不会觉得对英语的声音非常陌生。听力的文章和对话是比较生活化的,和阅读不一样,几种背景你要把不同性记下来,比如购物、商店、机场的用语要记下来,你听到这个句子你可能就知道这个背景是什么了,考查听力的技能一般有四点,一个是细节,五个H,问地点、时间、谁、怎样、原因,主要就是问这样一些细节,这是一个考查点。再一个就是对话人之间的关系,这也是一个考查点,还有对话的背景,比较难的考查点就是推测说话人的意图、主旨,就是整体难度。
(二)、单项填空:
共15题,每小题1分。测试考生对语法、词汇和简单表达形式的掌握情况。
要求考生能够运用基本的英语语法知识,掌握约3,500个英语单词和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配。(参见本说明附录词汇表)
考查知识点:冠词、副词、代词、时态、语态、情态动词、从句、比较级或最高级,非谓语动词、近义词比较、连词、主从复合句、特殊句型(如倒装句)、固定词组、情景反应等等。
样题与近几年高考单项填空题比较对照表
题号 | 样 题 | 2005年(江苏) | 2006年(江苏) | 2007年(江苏) | 2008年(江苏) |
21 | 非谓语动词 | 冠词 | 情态动词 | 冠词 | 冠词 |
22 | 定语从句 | 副词 | 代词 | 情态动词 | 情景反应 |
23 | 连词 | 动词词义辨析 | 时态(语态) | 时态(语态) | 情景反应 |
24 | 代词 | 情景反应 | 介词 | 动词短语词义辨析 | 定语从句 |
25 | 动词词义辨析 | 时态(语态) | 副词 | 名词性从句 | 情景中反应 |
26 | 时态 | 代词 | 副词 | 谚语 | 情景(谚语) |
27 | 冠词(比较级) | 非谓语动词 | 时态 | 时态 | 连词 |
28 | 情景反应 | 形容词 | 情景反应 | 非谓语动词 | 情境中词义辨析 |
29 | 时态(语态) | 时态 | 定语从句 | 形容词的比较等级 | 情境中非谓语动词(动名词否定) |
30 | 情态动词 | 动词词义辨析 | 非谓语动词 | 非谓语动词 | 形容词、副词 |
31 | 代词 | 情态动词 | 连词 | 倒装 | 情境中动词短语词义辨析 |
32 | 祈使句 | 定语从句 | 非谓语动词 | 副词词义辨析 | 倒装 |
33 | 强调结构 | 语气、名词性从句 | 形容词的比较等级 | 定语从句 | 情境中时态 |
34 | 非谓语动词 | 连词 | 时态与主谓一致 | 动词短语词义辨析 | 非谓语动词 |
35 | 连词 | 倒装 | 连词 | 非谓语动词、形容词 | 情境中情态动词 (含蓄的虚拟语气) |
比例大致为3:5:2。从08单选看,知识点更注重放在特定的语境中考查。选择题做到不偏不怪,题干简单明快,选择项具有干扰性。
做单项选择题的几个技巧:
长句子应读完,再选,不要读到一半就盲目作答;
遇到难句应先分析句子成分,长而复杂的选项未必就是正确的;
遇上疑问句、强调句、定语从句、插入语等要对题干进行简化和还原;疑问句应变成陈述句;
两个空的先确定有把握的那一个,要多用排除法;
熟记同一动词,相关词组的用法,以及相似动词的辨析;
情景对话应遵循西方的习俗;
不要想当然,但已经做过的难题不要因为太容易而犹豫;
连续四题选项相同可能性不到1%。
【备考提醒】
1.熟悉命题特点:
要提醒学生在答题时认真分析试题,只要是印在试卷上的每个单词、或每个短语都不是多余的。要理解题干的确切含义,注意常用词组的多义性和一些近义词的用法差异。仔细判断,努力排除干扰项的干扰,作出正确的选择。15个小题中估计会有近一半的题目与动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、词组辨析等有关,因此,要特别注意动词知识,要重点准备。
2.整体把握,注意语境:
近年来,单选题淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查,而是在特定的语境中对语法和词汇进行考查。考生必须具有综合运用语言的能力,答题时必须读完全部信息,利用特定的语境来选择答案。
3.注意捕捉句子中的隐含信息:
为了考查考生观察问题、分析问题的能力,高考单选题中常常会把一些重要的信息隐含在语境之中,答题时必须十分注意获取隐含的信息。
一般说来,单选15题,有5题很容易,有5题只要认真复习就能得分,还有5题,一般的学生怎么复习也做不出,因为我们做了相当多的低水平的一般题。仔细分析一下学生失分的原因,往往不是由于对某一项语法知识没有掌握,而是题目看不懂,因为这个语法现象,已经置身于原汁原味的语言情景中了,可怜我们的学生由于长期“精读”的培养,只看得懂教师从语法书或词典上找来的为突出某“语言点”而精心编写的典型例句,而看不懂活生生的反映现实语境的内容了!
考前操练:
1. The picture was put in the corner of the room, nobody ________ in it.
A. had any interest B. being interested C. was interested D. to have an interest
B。主格结构作状语,对主句作补充说明,A、C项要有连词连接两个句子。
如:The picture was put in the corner of the room, but nobody had any interest (was
interested) in it.
2. Glad to see you back. How long _______ in Russia?
A. did you stay B. have you stayed C. were you staying D. have you been staying
A。由前句可知,“You”已回来(不在俄罗斯),那么“You”在俄罗斯呆了多久
是指过去的时间。
3. The result is not the same they had expected, ______ was rather disappointing.
A. as; that B. which; as C. as; which D. that; which
C。解答该题的关键是要准确定位两个关系代词所代指的先行词。第一空the same
as为固定结构,意思为“与……一样”;第二空为非性定语从句,关系代
词代指前面整个句子内容,应选which。
4. Is ______ Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China’s railway history the
topic that you are coming to?
A. what B. it C. this D. that
D。该句是以that引导的主语从句的一般疑问句。
That Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China’s railway history is the
topic that I’m coming to.
5. Technology is dividing us ______ uniting us. It can make the far feel near but it can
also make the near feel far.
A. as far as B. as good as C. as much as D. as long as
C。
6. The chief manager has decided to put ____ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good
qualities in the position of the leadership of the company.
A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever
D。解答该题的关键是要注意区别定语从句与名词性从句在句中的用法。分析句
子结构可知空格部分在此引导定语从句,但选项A主谓不一致,选项B缺少
关系代词who,都应排除;选项C whomever只可用作句子的宾语,不符合句
子结构;选项D whoever引导从句,用作从句的主语,构成宾语从句,相当于
anyone who引导的定语从句。
7. Someone ______ up your seat to the lady with a baby, please.
A. will give B. would give C. gives D. give
D。该题考点是祈使句,但是该句的前面加了称呼。
8.—May I use your printer?
—______. Go ahead.
A. By all means B. I’m afraid you can’t C. It’s my pleasure D. You are welcome
A。By all means 在口语中是礼貌的说法,表示“允许某人做某事,当然可以,别
客气”。
9.—Are you coming tonight?
—I’d love to, but I’m afraid I ________ then.
A. will be teaching B. will teach C. will have taught D. am teaching
A。将来进行时表示将来的某一时间段里所持续的动作或呈现的状态。
10. If he ____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has
been longing to compete in.
A. hadn’t hurt; would join in B. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C. didn’t hurt; would go in for D. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
A。该句是虚拟语气中的错综条件句。表示一种假设,从句中的动作是在过去发
生,即表示与过去事实相反,主句的动作是在将来发生,即表示与将来事实相
反,故从句谓语动词用had done,主句用would (could, might) +动词原形。
11. I’m bored with continual rain. How I wish that the sun ____ brightly when I ____ up.
A. will shine; wake B. would be shining; woke
C. would shine; woke D. would be shining; wake
D。Wish接从句时,从句用虚拟语气。此外,该句中“我醒来的时候”则是真实
情况。
12. The population of Asia is increasing sharply. Cities like Shanghai and Jakarta would
______ have a population of 20 million by 2010.
A. both B. each C. either D. every
B。选出该题的正确答案的关键是如何看待cities like Shanghai and Jakarta(雅加达
印尼首都),意为诸如Shanghai and Jakarta这样的城市。所以,人口在2010年
能达到2亿的城市应远不止两个。
13.—It’s getting dark earlier than before, isn’t it?
—Yes. I think so. I see ____ is on already.
A. the street’s light B. the light of the street C. the streets’ light D. the street light
D。解题的关键是准确把握表示“材料、功能、用途等”的名词作定语的用法。
“路灯”是由表示“作用、用途”的名词street 用作限定词修饰light,应直
接用作定语。该类名词用作定语不需’s或of构成短语。又如 coffee cup(咖
啡杯)story book(故事书籍),toothbrush(牙刷)。
14. The Beijing 2008 Olympic Torch Relay will travel the longest distance, ______ the
greatest area and involve the largest number of people.
A. cross B. make C. contain D. cover
A。Cover 在此为动词,表示“覆盖”之意。
15. Was it not until you began to work ______ how much time you had wasted?
A. did you realize B. that you realized C. did you not realize D. that you didn’t realize
B。解答该题的关键是要注意not until在强调结构中的用法。
原句:You didn’t begin to work until you realized how much time you had wasted.
强调:It was not until you began to work that you realized how much time you had
wasted.
疑问句:Was it not until you began to work that you realized how much time you
had wasted?
16. A plane loaded with 30 journalists and ______ to make a safe landing crashed in Iraq
last month.
A. tried B. trying C. to try D. was trying
B。该题的考点是分词做后置定语。并且,该题中有两个并列的但是形式不一样
的后置定语。选择正确的分词的关键是要找出分词的逻辑主语,然后观察他
们的关系。主谓关系用现在分词,动宾关系用过去分词。
A plane (which was) loaded with 30 journalists and (which was) trying to make a
safe landing crashed in Iraq last month.
17. Only ____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
B。解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。根据句意可知,选项动词的逻辑
主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系,实际上相当于一个时间状语
从句only when it is taken...结构,故应选taken在句中用作状语。
18.—Mary isn’t going to watch the game with us this afternoon. Do you know why?
—She ______ on her essay recently but has only finished half of it.
A. is working B. works C. has been working D. has worked
C。时态问题。
19.—I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have her call you when she comes
back?
—No, I’ll call her back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ______?
A. arrives B. has arrived C. will arrive D. will have arrived
D。解答该题的关键是根据语境注意区别一般将来时与将来完成时的用法。一
般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作,而将来完成时则表示将来某个
时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据句意可知,该句选项动作表示将来完
成的动作。
20. Just when I was busy, the neighbor ____ come and chatter.
A. must B. could C. might D. need
A。解答该题的关键是要准确把握情态动词must的特殊意义在语境中的用法。
must 在此表示过去的不巧……,偏偏……。句子意思为:正当我忙碌的时候,
邻居偏偏过来聊天。其它选项无此意义,
21.—What do you think of the price of these computers?
—They are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, _____ at the other companies.
A. it B. ones C. that D. the ones
D。解答该题的关键是要根据句子意思,推断选项代词的句中具体名词,作出正
确选择。分析句子意思可以知道,选项代词所指代的名词为computers,且为
特指,故应选the ones (=those), 相当于the computers。
22. Without proper lessons, you could ____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pick up
D。解答该题的关键是要注意短语pick up的意义及题干句意的理解。give up放
弃;catch up赶上;keep up维持;pick up学会,搭车,拾起,收听到,无意
中得到。根据句子的意思:如果没有正确的指导,弹钢琴时就会染上许多坏
习惯。
附二:2008年高三考前热身训练题:
1.—Don’t put the waste on the ground, young man.
—Oh, I’m sorry. I ________the dustbin there.
A. hadn’t seen B. didn’t see C. can’t see D. wasn’t seeing
2. The picture was put in the corner of the room, nobody ________in it.
A. had any interest B. being interested C. was interested D. to have an interest
3.—Where did the accident happen?
—It was at the post office near the hotel ________ the peace talk would be held.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
4. After the storm nothing ________ of the house, It really ________ us much to think about.
A. stayed; keeps B. kept; makes C. remained; leaves D. left; gives
5. Glad to see you back. How long _______ in Russia?
A. did you stay B. have you stayed C. were you staying D. have you been staying
6. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he______ badly wounded and that he________ at
once.
A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on
7. The result is not the same they had expected, ______ was rather disappointing.
A. as; that B. which; as C. as; which D. that; which
8.—Do you think an advertisement is ____ help when you look for a new job?
—Well, it all depends. Anyway, it gives me more of _________ chance to try.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. /; /
9. You’d better fly somewhere in the west. Then you can ____ a hire car and travel around.
A. take up B. get on C. pick up D. turn on
10. The farm ____ we see today is no longer the one ____ it was ten years ago.
A. that; that B. where; that C. where; where D. which; which
11. After ______ seemed an endless effort, the patient was finally able to carry out _____ seemed
a perfect normal walk.
A. what; what B. that; that C. it; that D. which; it
12. The chief manager has decided to put ____ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good
qualities in the position of the leadership of the company.
A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever
3. I often think of the days ______ I stayed with the experts, ______ has a great effect on my job.
A. which; that B. that; which C. when; who D. when; which
14. If he ____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has been
longing to compete in.
A. hadn’t hurt; would join in B. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C. didn’t hurt; would go in for D. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
15. Children under sixteen are not permitted to see such kind of films _______ bad for their
mental development.
A. that is B. that are C. as is D. as are
16. The winners, Bob and ____, who won the game, praised the losers, ____ and ____.
A. she; them; us B. her; they; are C. they; she; I D. her; me; him
17.—It’s getting dark earlier than before, isn’t it?
—Yes. I think so. I see ____ is on already.
A. the street’s light B. the light of the street C. the streets’ light D. the street light
18.—Will you please repeat your idea?
—Certainly. But I think it certain you ____ your attention.
A. don’t pay B. didn’t pay C. weren’t paying D. aren’t paying
19.—We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.
—No one had told him about ____ a lecture the following day.
A. to attend; there to be B. attending; there being C. attended; there be D. attend; there was
20. The artist ____ the judge gave a prize is the teacher ____ I have been taught painting for over
three years.
A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; who C. whom; who D. to whom; by whom
21.—Come in, please. Make yourself at home.
—______.
— I’m glad you like it.
A. Thanks. You have a nice place here. B. Oh, this picture is so beautiful.
C. Thanks. What nice food you’ve prepared! D. OK. Let me look around your new house.
22. Was it not until you began to work ______ how much time you had wasted?
A. did you realize B. that you realized C. did you not realize D. that you didn’t realize
23.—Which of the two books will you take?
—I’ll take ____ and I think ____ of them is very important to me.
A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both
24.—I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have her call you when she comes back?
—No, I’ll call her back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ____?
A. arrives B. has arrived C. will arrive D. will have arrived
25. Only ____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
26.—Is this Mr. Black’s office, Joan?
—Yes, ____.
A. that’s all right B. it doesn’t matter C. after you D. please yourself
27. Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephone ____ ring.
A. must B. could C. might D. need
28. Never laugh at failure of ______ , because ________ enjoys being laughed at.
A. others; nobody B. the others; everyone C. the others; anyone D. others; someone
29.—May I take your order now?
—We’d like three black ____ and...
A. coffees B. coffee C. cups of coffees D. cup of coffees
30.—What do you think of the price of these computers?
—They are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, _________at the other companies.
A. it B. ones C. that D. the ones
31. Without proper lessons, you could ____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pick up
32.—Where is Johnson? I can’t find him anywhere.
—He ____ letters upstairs.
A. might have written B. must have written C. must be writing D. must write
33. — You seem to get lost. Need help? — ____
A. Yes, give me a hand, please. B. Help me find my bag, please.
C. I’m looking for the No.1 bus. D. Yes, would you please help me with the bag?
34.—Hey, dear! Guess what? I’ve got a pay rise!
—This a celebration! Let’s go to sing Karaoke tonight.
A. brings out B. works out C. calls for D. pays for
35. Is the shop I used to sit hours in you met Avail the other day?
A. where; in which B. in which; where C. that; which D. \\; where
36. Our game of badminton was interrupted. We for about half an hour when my partner
was sent for by the boss.
A. played B. has played C. were playing D. had been playing
37. As long as I can remark,. I called, my son would answer.
A. before B. while C. until D. any time
38. You’d better think of possibilities before doing it.
A. all such B. these all C. such these D. such all
39. I am feeling a bit cold. , someone go and close the door?
A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. Can
40. There is no doubt, in my opinion, matters is not one’s looks ,but one’s inner thoughts.
A. what what B. that that C. that D. that what
41.—John ,how did your monthly exam go?
—I thought I ,but in fact I was among the top 5% of the students in the class.
A. should have failed B. couldn’t have failed C. might have failed D. needn’t have failed
42. in a poor family made Jack very hardworking when he was still young.
A. Bringing up B. Being brought up C. Having brought up D. Brought up
43.—You’ve sold your car! You don’t need one?
—_____. The traffic is too heavy nowadays.
A. No problem. B. Never mind. C. Don’t mention it. D. Not really
44. Exactly ____they did when at last they reached the sea remains a complete mystery.
A. that B. how C. which D. what
45. He walks and talks like he’s ____. But all of us know he’s nobody.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
20080504
46. Within industries,companies are always trying to develop products that are one step better
than ________ of other companies.
A. one B. that C. those D. it
KEY:1-5 BBCCA 6-10 DCACA 11-15 ADDAC 16-20 ADCBD 21-25ABCDB
26-30 CAAAD 31-35 DCCCD 36-40 CDADD 41-45CBDDB 46 C
(三)、完形填空:
共20小题,每小题1. 5分。短文中留出20个空白,每一空白要求考生从四个选项中选出最佳选项。该题的特点是:注重整体,注重综合。
高考试题中完形填空题所选的短文涉及范围很广,包括社会、经济、文化、教育、科普知识、历史、地理、日常生活以及人物故事。文体多以记叙文为主,但近年的考题有向议论文发展的趋势;考查内容集中在考生对名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。长度相对稳定,一般在220~300词之间。设空平均间隔在10个单词左右。选项所用词汇一般没有重复,尽可能增加考查内容的覆盖面。每小题四个选项都属同一词类,相同语义范畴。虽然干扰项与答案都能与空前、空后的文字形成某种搭配,但它们之间不会出现相互包容的情况。
完形填空题一般来说是整个试卷中得分率最低的部分,对完形填空这一项我们的考生确实存在认识上的问题。我们需要思考的是:完形填空到底考什么?应该如何去考?我个人认为完形填空所涉及的知识很广,包括有词汇、语法、句子、篇章、题材、体裁等。考核的主要是读写能力。
综合各方面的信息, 估计今年完形填空仍然是全卷的难点。特别要求具备通读全文、从客观上驾驭微观信息的能力,真正体现以语篇代替词语分析,进而得到较完整信息,判断上下文信息关联的命题思想。考生要有以整体思维代替局部思维的阅读习惯,更侧重于先完其意,再完其形。
选材特点:
1.所选用文章一般为记叙文或说明文;
2.记叙文通常采用夹叙夹议的写作手法,有事实,有道理或感受,要把握作者的态度、观点;
3.说明文所要阐明的内容细节学生通常不很熟悉;
4.所选文章难度低于阅读理解文章的难度;
5.绝大部分的选项要通过前后句子,甚至通篇理解才能选对。
完形填空侧重考查在理解全文的基础上的英语词汇的辨析能力以及惯用法及搭配的运用能力,大多数选项在答题时要考虑到设空句以外的其他句、段,甚至全文的内容。20小题设空和选项的设计充分体现语言知识运用题的特征:以名词、动词、副词、形容词等实词为主;每小题的四个选项都是同一范畴的词或词组,常是近义词、同义词或反义词。因此,有人说词义辨析搞好了,完形填空就没有问题了,很有道理。
现在做完形填空存在的问题是:有的同学把每一空都作为单项填空处理了,又回到了语法填空上去了。仅仅考虑这个词放在该空挡中是否讲得通,而不是放在整个文章中去考虑,语篇意识不强,往往觉得复查不出什么问题。做完形填空时,首先要通读一遍全文,注意考查的重点不是放在语法结构上,而要在理解上下文、在词汇的理解和使用上下工夫。特别注意:首句、尾句、另起段落处、时间、地点、人物、作者的心理活动及情感、层次上的变化。
【备考提醒】
熟悉命题特点:完形填空80%左右考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)。约50%左右的题目要逾越句子层次才能选出正确答案。重点考查惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理等。
2.注意从上下文的角度考虑选项:
一定要通读全文,根据上下文才能正确作答,切忌句句为战。现在做完形时所存在的问题是:有的考生复查时把每一空作为单项填空处理,又回到语法填空上去了。所以,做完形填空题一定要先快速浏览一遍,仔细推敲,寻找信息和联系点,最后完成作者的故事。切记:首句是窗口,结尾是眼睛。
3.解题的几点简要建议:
纵览全篇抓思路;
逐段逐句深理解;
上下文中找衔接;
分析判断定选项;
遭遇难题不慌张;
代入短文再验证。
(四)、阅读理解:
要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能:
1.理解语篇主旨大意;
2.理解文中具体信息;
3.根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义;
4.作出简单的判断和推理;
5.理解文章的基本结构;
6.理解作者的观点、意图和态度。
7.根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。
阅读理解总词量和读速统计表
年度 | 阅读理解总词量 | 每分钟阅读词量 |
2005(江苏) | 2221 | 63.5wpm |
2006(江苏) | 1882 | 53.8wpm |
2007(江苏) | 1876 | 62.53wpm |
阅读文章时心态要平静,控制好阅读节奏,把握好阅读速度,不要影响写作。
试卷整体结构、题型、分值、时间分布等。
题类 | 题目 | 题量 | 计分 | 答题参考时间(分钟) | ||
选择题 | 第一部分 | 听力 | 20 | 20 | 20 | |
第二部分 | 语言知识应用 | 单项填空 | 15 | 15 | 30 | |
完形填空 | 20 | 20 | ||||
第三部分 | 阅读理解 | 15 | 30 | 30 | ||
非选择题 | 第四部分 | 任务型阅读 | 10 | 10 | 15 | |
第五部分 | 书面表达 | 1 | 25 | 25 | ||
总计 | 80+1 | 120 | 120 |
1.主旨大意题:
考查对短文的整体理解和概括能力,掌握主旨和大意是正确理解全篇文章的关键。此类题一般不易直接找到答案,需仔细阅读文章的首句和结尾句,对选项要注意全面性和概括性。
2.推断题:
解题时应注意,不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;推理的根据来自于上下文。
3.事实题:
此类题的大部分都可以在文章中直接找到答案;但是这些问题的表达通常不是直接采用文章中的原词、原句,而是使用同义或近义词的解释方式进行提问。考生应根据问题迅速找到文章相关部分,仔细研读,从而确定最佳答案。
5.词义理解题:
此类题较难,主要是找替换词。要尽量利用上下文的线索和信息,有些词虽然是常用词或词组,但在文章中的实际意思可能已被引伸或拓展。因此,一定要仔细考虑。主要靠上下文来推测词义,但也可用词根、词缀、相反词、举例、背景知识等猜词技巧来解题。
(五)、任务型阅读
任务型阅读是今年高考英语试题中新设题型,比一般阅读题难度要大些,要求考生在阅读完一段材料后,能比较清楚地把握整篇文章的结构,较好地分析作者的观点和意图,并进行准确的表达。考生要能够获得直接信息,分析、总结信息,并转换信息,这有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力。考生在完成任务型阅读时,要遵循以下步骤。
一、读懂短文,了解大意
读懂短文是解题的第一环,也是关键的一步。只有读懂了短文,才能顺利地在表格中填出相关信息。值得注意的是:如果表格前提供了小标题,要特别注意小标题,它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。
二、理清思路,加深理解
理清短文主体结构,了解短文的写作思路和线索结构,有助于加深对篇章内容的理解,同时短文的结构往往也是很重要的命题线索,表格项目基本上就是根据篇章结构而设计的。
三、分析整理,确定答案
通过分析、理顺表格线索,根据已有的表格内容提示来确定短文表格的设计线索,理清短文表格的设计原理,从而确定正确答案。同时答题时,务必遵循“先易后难,各个击破”的原则,不要在个别选项上耗费太多时间。
四、书写规范,词形正确
需要注意的是,书写答案时,务必要注意规范,书写工整,千万不能因为大小写或抄写错误而扣分。另外,还要注意词性的转移和词形的正确使用,如:
1.名词的性、数、格
2.动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
3.动词的第三人称单数
4.形容词的比较级和最高级
由于今年是新课程改革的第一年,命题者在命题时,会注意平稳性原则。而任务型阅读又是个新题型,所以可以预测今年高考任务型阅读的难度应该不会太大。同时,对于考试说明中所提供的第三种题型,由于其答案的不惟一性,不利于阅卷的操作,所以在高考中的使用几率不会太高。但考生要想提高任务型阅读的效率,想要在该项目上得高分,甚至得满分,除了进行系统的训练外,还应注意以下问题。
一、系统复习语法,掌握扎实的基础知识
掌握扎实的英语语言知识是顺利完成阅读任务的基础,特别是有些英语表达与中国人的思维习惯不相同。因此,只有真正掌握了阅读材料中的字、词、句式以及一些字词句的背景知识,才能灵活运用于阅读材料,才能做到成竹于胸。
二、增加阅读量,培养良好的阅读习惯
拓展我们的阅读面,养成英语阅读的习惯。针对不同的阅读材料,使用扫读、略读等不同阅读技巧。
(六)、书面表达:
《考试大纲》对写作的要求是:“根据所给提示与要求进行书面表达。考生的表达应能:
1.在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇;
2.使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地用英语表达自己的意思。”
江苏省高考英语书面表达评分原则
1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。
3.词数少于或多于规定要求20个的,从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可以接受。
6.如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。
出现的问题:
得分不高:要点不全;词汇单调;句型结构简单;缺乏连贯性
语言不够得体、不够礼貌
书写较差(尤其是扫描后),将分数降低一个档次
书面表达题在高考前作一番研究,掌握一定的技巧,要拿高分也是可以做到的。少数成绩较好的考生由于失误或时间分配不当等原因,也可能导致得分很低。因此,充裕的时间,适当的方法,是拿到理想分数的关键。
书面表达题的六个跑分点:
书法不规范(女生写蚂蚁英文;男生写跳芭蕾舞英文);
卷面不整洁(指卷面开刀者);
超字或缺字(150字左右);
立体电影/黑白脸(铅笔写钢笔描);注意:铅笔写的作文,高考阅卷点不予批阅。
人称用错 (扣7分);
标点拼写错。严防一“逗”到底。
注意书写规范。《考试说明》中"评分"规定:如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次(5分)。从老师参加高考英语阅卷的经验来看,不少同学由于疏于审题,随意写就,仔细检查后,发现有诸多不妥之处,于是对原文修修补补,或在试卷上涂黑,或使用胶条,或使用涂改液,或随意连线画“地图”等等,都在不同程度上影响了自己的成绩。
做好书面表达题的关键是:
(一)认真审题,把握要求
1.文体要求
2.情景说明
3.注意事项
(二)动手写
1.按要求,列要点
记住,150个词的短文只需写15句话左右。
如果是看图作文,应根据连环画给每幅图列出要点。
如果是图表,应根据图表列出所有的内容要点。
如果是中文提示,可将简略的中文提示添加上主语,以免写出的句子缺少主语。
2.汉英表达的差别
汉语和英语有着天壤之别
汉语讲究工整、对仗,唐诗宋词是当年的流行歌曲。
英语强调逻辑性。
如:“每天锻炼一小时、健康工作五十年、幸福生活一辈子。”这三句话的内在关系应看成条件关系。
“If we exercise for an hour every day, we’ll have good health to work fifty years and live happily all our lives.”
或:“The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day, in the hope that they will have good health to work fifty years and enjoy the whole life.”
不少的考生写成:
“Exercise an hour every day, work healthily for fifty years and live happily all our lives.”
3.高分理由
内容要点;语言地道,读来顺畅;有一些较高级词汇和一些较复杂的句子结构(如:复合句、倒装句、强调结构);适当地运用了一些语句间的连接成分(如:First of all; generally speaking; to be frank; firstly…secondly…finally…; after that; however; when; as soon as; before; after; at the same time; also; still; meanwhile; as well as; on the one hand…on the other hand…, some…others…; as a result; one…the other…; both…and…; neither…nor…; either…or…; besides; what’s more.);书写工整、美观,卷面整洁。
4.上试卷
将每个要点用规范地表达出来,尽量套用一些现成的句式(如:从课文里;从口语等级测试纲要中;从考前背诵的一些范文中),力求准确到位。注意动词的时态和语态。力争简单明了。
(三)写完后校对
a.要点是否写全;
b.时态、语态有没有用错;
c.搭配有没有错误;
d.有无逻辑性的错误;
e.在必要的地方添加连词、副词,适当润色。
最后再次友情提醒:
听力、单选、任务型阅读、书面表达三大题是提高分数空间最大的项目。像书面表达题,如果能花上20--25分钟按要求认真做一做,提高一个档次(3-5分)都是可能的。完形和阅读如能坚持每天训练(1篇完形;2--3篇阅读),而且后期要放在每天下午进行训练(30--35分钟),高考答题时容易找到良好的感觉。
要十分重视第一印象(first impression)。心理学表明,考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态,对新事物的反应灵敏,容易迅速做出决定。经验表明,第一感觉的正确率在80%以上,因此,不要轻易改动第一次做出的选择。在检查的时候,同学们不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑,应该从另外一个角度去思考,没有充分、足够的理由不要推翻第一次的选择。
针对英语科目填涂答案多的特点,建议同学们在答题的过程中边做边涂(前提是不影响自己的答题速度)。曾经有一个高水平的考生,因忙于答题忘记涂卡,当意识到还有机读卡未涂时,离交卷的时间已不多了。不管怎样,同学们一定不要忘记在考试结束前10分钟左右涂完自己的机读卡,可以说此时已经是胜券在握,然后再利用剩余的时间检查没有把握的试题,对于有把握的答案就不要再浪费时间了。建议同学们第一次答题时,对于没有把握的试题答案应该用铅笔做一个标记,以示区别。
【与考生共勉】
“我难人亦难,我不畏难;我易人亦易,我不大意。”
“简单的题目一分不丢;困难的题目分分必争!”
最后祝各位考生在今年的高考中取得优异的成绩,实现心中的理想!