The theme of David Copperfield
Introduction:
The Charles Dickens’s novel David Copperfield is a novel written in first-person point of view, which portrays the David Copperfield grown-up course. The novel implied the author’s unusual life experience. Meanwhile, David Copperfield’ destiny symbolized the middle-class intelligentsia questing for roads development in 19th Century British society.
Body:
The story deals with the life of David Copperfield from childhood to maturity. David Copperfield was born on England, and six month later his father died, which destined his misery life.
When he was seven years old, his mother married another man, and that man brought a daughter. He struggled against his stepfather and his misery destiny. Till then his mother died. And now, David has nobody left to care for him in London, and decides to run away. He walks all the way from London to Dover, to find his only well-known relative, Joseph Richard Baker. The story follows David as he grows to adulthood, and is enlivened by the many well-known characters who he meets in Canterbury. Also his stepfather wants to get his guardianship for David Copperfield, but failed.
In the whole story, the author portrays the growth of David and depicts other characters. When he was young, he had to fight against the stepfather abuse. After he grown up, he needed to fight for living. Through these portrayals, the theme of exploitation was exhibited.
In every society, there are those who exploit the poor and the weak for material or social gain, or for perverse pleasure. Such exploitation was a serious problem in 19th Century British society, and Dickens calls attention to it in many of his novels, including David Copperfield. A notable example of such exploitation is Edward Murdstone’s employment of children in the warehouse he operates with Grinby. David Copperfield, Mick Walker, and Mealy Potatoes–though not even adolescents–must work long, hard hours for meager pay. Mr. Creakle also exploits children, for he takes pleasure in inflicting pain on the defenseless. Steerforth exploits the innocent Emily, using his worldly charm to persuade her to run away with him.
At the mean time, the author showed the spirit of persevering against adversity. Perseverance with humor and hope enables David Copperfield to overcome formidable obstacles. Wilkins Micawber also prevails against adversity, thanks to his undying optimism. In addition, Daniel Peggotty does not give up on Emily even though she has become a "fallen" woman.
Conclusion:
Critically, the novel is considered as a Bildungsroman, a novel of self-cultivation, and would be influential in the genre. Generally speaking, the author devotes all his effort to present the middle-class intelligentsia questing for roads development in 19th Century British society.
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The Oedipus Complex in " Sons and Lovers"
The Oedipus complex has been widely regarded as “deeply rooted and was reflected with passion in the novel sons and lovers” (Tian, 1998; He, 2007; Zhou, 2007). I believe that the novel did reflect the Oedipus complex. However, I do not think it is sound to judge Paul has this complex towards his mother when he was a little boy. The psychological features of children should also be considered in the analysis.
Sons and lovers, the most popular masterpiece of d. h. Lawrence, is largely autobiological. Numerous researchers have explored the complicated relationships among the characters with the help of Freud’s psychological theory. The prevailing opinion is that Paul and his mother’s relationship is beyond the normal son – mother relationship, which is called “Oedipus complex” according to Freud’s theory.
The name Oedipus complex was given by Freud based on the Greek story of Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother. The great psychologist employed this name to describe the phenomenon that a child’s attachment to the opposite – sex parent becomes sexualized, so that the child wishes to posses him or her and get rid of the other parent (Tian, 1998). After reading the relative articles, I found most of the researchers counted little Paul’s attachment to his mother when he was about six years old as the result of the Oedipus complex and I don’t think it is right. In the following sections, I will state my opinion with the presence of some fragments from the novel.
Many researchers used the following fragment to explain that little Paul has the Oedipus complex to his mother. The fragments will be divided into two parts. The first is about little Paul’s love for his mother and the second, his hatred to his father.
First, the love for his mother.
However, to me, little Paul’s attachment to his mother and hatred to his father still within the normal son – mother relationship.
First, I will express my view on his attachment to his mother. In the novel, little Paul’s age was about six to ten years old. As a dedicated child, he was naturally received more care from his mother. So, he spent most of the time with her. It is a child’s nature to incline his fondness and reliance to the one who nurses him for the longest time. It is also probably that when one is weak, especially the children, he feels like having someone to nurse him gently. Therefore, it was reasonable for sick little Paul to long for his mother’s tend and comfort instead of the touchy father’s and his rejoicing when slept with his mother. However, these were regarded as Paul’s sexual realization towards his mom. What’s more, in a child’s eye, the one who tends him is the most beautiful creatures under the sun, just as we call our mother the most beautiful and greatest person in the world. In this sense, it is not sound at all to judge little Paul looked at his mother with a lover’s eye in the scene Paul was sick and lied on the bed.
Second, my view on his hatred to his father. Hypersensitive as he was, Paul was able to sense what was the origin of his mother’s anxiety and unhappiness. He loved his mother and wanted to protect her. Therefore, he would naturally hate the cause of all his mother’s misfortunes --- his father. The madness of his father came back home drunkenly did not only hurt Mrs. Morel but specially the children. We can picture how a little sensitive boy feels when the drunken father came home with severeness, insulting and beating his mother, scolding them children for even slightest matters. The atmosphere was oppressed when the father was home. This of cause injured the little boy’s sensitive heart. The imperfect or we can even call it broken relationship between the parents hurt the little boy unconsciously. In this way, we could not ignore that the injure brought by his father also contributed as a main direct factor to the hatred of the son to the father, not merely just “the love to his mother and so that wished his father die” (Tian, 198). However, most of the articles didn’t mention this. They simply employed these fragments as the result of Oedipus complex.
Sons and Lovers is such a great novel that it arouses both the psychologists and the literature critic’s’ interests. Different readers see it with different versions. Superficial as mine is, it’s pleasure to have it turned into letters and shared with others.
" Jane Eyne"
For my book report I read a book called Jane Eyre. This story began when Jane Eyre was ten years old. The main character is Jane Eyre, who lived with her aunt Mrs Reed, because her mother and father both were dead. The main problem is how can Jane Eyre be very resolute?
Jane Eyre lived with her aunt Mrs Reed and her cousins , one day Jane Eyre was disagree with her cousins, Mrs Reed took her away the house, then brought her to a school. School life was so hard, when she grew up she found a job as a tutor. Jane Eyre worked for Mr Rochester, who owned a large country house, and there Jane Eyre teaches a little French girl, Adele. Adele enjoyed her lessons, and Jane Eyre enjoyed to teaching her. They both worked very hard.
Mr Rochester has a wife, after the wed, Mr Rochester’s wife became very strange. Slowly, she became mad and dangerous. She lived in his house’s attic. But nobody knew that. Jane Eyre loved Mr Rochester and wanted to marry him, when Jane Eyre knew that she ran away. She didn’t bring any money, she was poor. A family help her, and she lived there. Someday after that, To Jane Eyre surprise, the three people helped her was her two cousin sisters and cousin brother! Jane Eyre was very happy, but she always missed Mr Rochester, she decided to go back and found him.
Now, is the story’s climax, she went back but no one lived in the house now! Jane Eyre asked a man, he told her where was Mr Rochester and his story. After Jane Eyre ran away, Mr Rochester’s wife made the house a big fire and dead, but Mr Rochester was blind, and lost one hand. Jane Eyre found Mr Rochester, after three days Jane Eyre became Mr Rochester’s wife. Two years after they married, Mr Rochester began to see again with one eye. He can see Jane Eyre and their child. They were very happy together.
Jane Eyre is a good hearted person with strong sense of right and wrong. But she also has deep feelings. The many difficulties she faces do not shake her love for the mysterious Mr Rochester. Their story was a strange and sad one, and terrible things happened to them, but now at last they are happy together.
My favourite character is Jane Eyre. She is a poor person, when she was a child, her mother and father were both dead. At her school, she even didn’t get happiness. The school principal was a bad man, he didn’t give them enough food and clothes. When Jane Eyre grew up, she got short quiet life when she was a tutor in Mr Rochester’s house. After some quiet days, Jane Eyre’s terrible days began again. When she knew Mr Rochester’s wife’s story she ran away, in a family she got three cousins. Then she went back to her old house, and married to Mr Rochester. She found her happiness.
I wish Jane Eyre would have happiness all the time. Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester would happy forever. Their children will be kind like them. Jane Eyre is a kind woman. I think Jane Eyre’s cousins will live with Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester together. Those three cousins were Jane Eyre’s uncle’s children. They all were kind like Jane Eyre. They will live with Jane Eyre harmonious. I believe even Mr Rochester was blind and lost one arm, Jane Eyre still look after him well. Mr Rochester will not abandon too. Maybe his another eye can see at someday too. I knew Jane Eyre never forgot Mr Rochester. She can look after Mr Rochester very well. She will help him all the time. She would be a good wife and great mother.
I rate this book 5. Jane Eyre is one of the world’s greatest love stories. Jane Eyre remainsCharlotte Bronte’s best known book. She is the book’s author. I like this book and give it 5 scale because I think Charlotte Bronte is a good author, Jane Eyre is a good book. I will recommend this book to my friend because this book is so touching and it gave me many inspire. I think my friend will love this book as me.
These days I have read “Jane Eyre” written by Charlotte Bronte.
When Jane Eyre was a baby, her parents died. Accordingly, she had to live with her uncle and his family. Unfortunately, her uncle went away in several years, as well. Then, she was sent to the Logwood, which was a so-called charity school, where homeless children were harshly punished and disciplined. After a plague occurred and Jane’s dear friend died, she decided to leave there for she was a nature rebel who never submitted to injustice. Lately, she became a tutor of a rich family and fell in love with the landlord, Rochester. When they planned to marry to each other, another misery stroke upon Jane. A fire was started by a mad lady before the wedding day, who was Mr. Rochester’s former wife. Known the news, Jane left with great determination. Nevertheless, she was not made to be beaten. She came across John who saved her and happened to be her cosine. At that time, John was going to Indian to preach Christianity and thought Jane was a good helper, so he proposed to her. Thus, Jane was in dilemma again. John once did favor for her and it was time to repay him. However, she couldn’t give up her love for Mr. Rochester. Consequently, she rejected John’s proposal and came back to Rochester. By the time she reached the manor ,Jane was no longer what she used to be ,the poor homeless tutor but a Miss Eyre who had a heritage of twenty thousand pound. On the contrary, Mr. Rochester was blind and seemed to be no more prestigious. They got married and lived a happy life.
I am deeply impressed by Jane’s beautiful soul. She is independent, intrepid, impartial and indomitable. I remember her self-respect and the clear standpoint on equality. In her opinion, everyone is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status, property and appearance, but all the human beings are equal in personality. I appreciate that idea very much. When I was very little, my grandpa always looked down on me, because I am a girl. Holding the feudal view, he thinks my life is limited to waiting a good man to marry and having babies. However, I don’t think so. I think my life should be as colorful as other boys. And thus, I played with these boys in my village and competed with them in study. As far as I could remember, once there was a tide to learn riding the bicycle. I did not want to lag behind, so I borrowed my father’s bike which was big and heavy for a girl of my age. Nevertheless, this would not frustrate me, I tried my best to balance the bike but it just didn’t listen to me. My grandpa was looking on. He said, you had better give up or you would fall to cry badly. After heard that, I made the determination that I must make it and told my grandpa that I was no worse than his beloved grandsons. Though I fell off the bike time and time again, I rode on it again. Though my elbows were chafed; my ankles were aching, I managed to stand up and rode on the bicycle. As time pass by, the sun set and the moon appeared. I would not give up until I could master it. The other day, I rode the bicycle to school, all my girl friends cast an envious eye and my grandpa was also moved by my persistency. At last he said that you were my big granddaughter and your never-to-give-up personality worth everyone learning.
I find some similarity in character between Jane and me. What is more, I find more to learn from Jane. Her attitudes towards love, responsibility shock me strongly. Born in the 80’s, tagged as “after 80’s”generation, we seem to follow the step of “lost generation”. We suspect all the goodness of life. We feel at a loss, wandering what our future would be. We find difficulties in choice of being what kind of person. “Jane Eyre” is just the perfect book, I think, to teach a girl how to change into a lady.
I love this book very much. And I want to become a person like Jane with a seraphic nature.
国教06英教 王薇 0602025
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Robinson Cousoe:An Enterprising Colonist
Robinson Crusoe written by Daniel Defoe is a masterpiece. This novel was one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century.
The story takes place in the middle of the 17th century. Many years go by. The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earliest stages of its development. The characteristics of Robinson Crusoe mainly can be described as to be persistent, adventurous and rational.
In the first place, Robinson Crusoe is a persistent man. At the beginning of the novel, Robinson Crusoe’s father designs the future of his son, for the law, but the young man is very persistent, and then Robinson has set his mind on becoming a sailor. When Robinson is 19, he runs away from home and sets out to sea. Then, after many experiences, very unfortunately, he is left lonely on an island because of the wreck of the boat. Crusoe has lived in the uninhabited island for more than 28 years before he leaves the place. In the 28-year life in the island, he never gives up the hope to live in spite of great obstacles. There are many textual evidences in the novel, of supporting this obvious characteristic. For example, “I came on shore here on the 30th of September 1659.”(Chapter 8: First Days). “And thus I left the island, the 19th of December, as I found by the ship’s account, in the year 1686, after I had been upon it eight-and-twenty years, two months, and nineteen days.”(Chapter 29: Ship Recaptured). “I felled a cedar tree. I question much whether Solomon ever had such a one for the building of the Temple at Jerusalem. … It was not without infinite labor that I felled this tree. I was twenty days hacking and hewing at it at the bottom. I was fourteen more getting the branches and limbs, and … After this, it cost me a month to shape it and dub it to a proportion, and to something like the bottom of a boat, …It cost me near three months more to clear the inside, and work it so as to make an exact boat of it.” (Chapter 14:The Journal: Of Pots and Canoes).
In the second place, Robinson Crusoe is an adventurous man. From the beginning to the end, he is always showing his adventurous characteristic. At first, he leaves his family because of his adventurous characteristic. And then, he goes to Brazil. Next he goes for another adventure. And just because of this ambition, he becomes an unfortunate man who has to leave alone in an uninhabited island. And many years of lonely life there, one day Robinson Crusoe discovers the imprint of a man’s foot on the sand. Then he learns that the island is occasionally visited by some cannibals who come to celebrate their victories over their enemies and to devour their captives. Robinson Crusoe happens to see one such celebration and manages to save one of the victims. This man, named Friday by Robinson Crusoe, proves to be a clever young Negro and becomes Robinson’s true and faithful companion. With Friday’s help Robinson Crusoe builds another boat. Meanwhile an English ship drops anchor off the island. The captain takes Robinson and Friday to England. And at last, he reaches his homeland and also he goes back to the already peopled island several times. There are also many textual evidences. “But I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea; and my inclination to this led me so strongly against the will, nay, the commands of my father and against all the entreaties and persuasions of my mother and other friends that there seemed to be something fatal in that propension of nature tending directly to the life of misery which was to befall me.” (Chapter 1: A Warning). “… all these miscarriages were procured by my apparent obstinate adhering to my foolish inclination of wandering abroad and pursuing that inclination, in contradiction to the clearest views of doing myself good in a fair and plain pursuit of those prospects and those measures of life which Nature and Providence concurred to present me with and to make my duty.” (Chapter 5: Brazil). “Anyone would think that in this state of complicated good fortune, I was past running any more hazards; and so indeed I had been, if other circumstances had concurred, but I was inured to a wandering life,…” (Chapter 32: Island Again).
In the third place, he is a rational man. Robinson Crusoe is a rational human. He, if without his ration, might die just several days after landing on the island because of hunger, illness, or other reasons. However, he solves all the problems in life gradually, quietly and rationally. As is depicted in the novel, after many perils and adventures on the sea, he settles down in Brazil. But the call of the sea is so strong that he embarks on another voyage to Africa. A frightful storm changes the course of the ship and it is wrecked off the coast of an uninhabited island. Of all the ship’s crew, only Robinson Crusoe alone escapes to the shore after strenuous efforts. He spends the night on a tree for fear of the wild animals. In the next morning, he swims to the wrecked ship to find no living creature on board, except a dog and two cats. Then Robinson Crusoe builds a raft and tries by all means to carry to the shore of the island the store of necessities on the ship, which consist of bread, rice, barley, corn, planks, lead and gunpowder, an axe and two saws, and many other things. Then he sets up a tent. He unconsciously plants some barley and corn, and after that he successfully harvests crops in time. He spends many months of hard toil in shaping a stone-mortar for grinding grain. He strives for days and days to make earth ware pots. It takes Robinson Crusoe over five months to fell a big tree and fashion it into a boat. Robinson Crusoe’s will power in bettering his living conditions is amazing: strong winds, rains and earthquakes do not stop him from attaining his once set resolutions and plans. He explores the island, hunts, makes clothes from the hides of the killed animals, gathers wild grape and so on. His grown wise with experience in labor, he makes a living on the island by self-reliance. The following is textual evidence. “After I had solaced my mind with the comfortable part of my condition, I began to look round me to see what king of place I was in, and what was next to be done, and I soon found my comforts abate, and that, in a word, I had a dreadful deliverance. For I was wet, had no clothes to shift me, nor anything either to eat or drink to comfort me, neither did I see any prospect before me but that of perishing with hunger or being devoured by wild beasts; and that which was particular afflicting to me was that I had no weapon either to hunt and kill any creatures for my sustenance or to defend myself against any other creature that might desire to kill me for theirs…..”(Chapter 7: Sole Survivor).
In a word, Robinson Crusoe is a masterpiece in the literature history. And the main character Robinson Crusoe epitomizes representative of the English bourgeoisie, who are persistent, adventurous and rational.
合格文章
1、English Critical Realism:
English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. The greatest English realist of the time was Charles Dickens. With striking force and truthfulness, he creates pictures of bourgeois civilization, describing the misery and sufferings of the common people. Another critical realist, William Makepeace Thackeray, was a no less severe exposer of contemporary society. Thackeray's novels are mainly a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society. The method of critical realism were further adopted by such writers as Charlotte and Emily Bronte, and Elizabeth Gaskell. In the fifties and sixties the realistic novel entered a stage of decline. George Eliot described the life of the labouring people and criticized the privileged classes, but the power of exposure became much weaker in her work. The significance of her work lies rather in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life. Besides, the English critical realists of the 19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people. In their best works, the greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure "simple people" of the lower classes. Hence the use of humour and satire in the English realistic novels of the 19th century.
2、My Understanding of '' Hamlet "from the Perspective of__character _
Hamlet of Shakespear is a classical representative work. It told us a story about that Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back the home in a hurry from Germany, is attends his father's funeral, enables him to accept, he not catches up with father's funeral, actually witnessed the mother and the Uncle Claudius' wedding ceremony, this had caused Hamm the Wright suspicion at the heart, added night above meets in the royal palace castle with father's ghost, the ghost sorrow sued, this pile atrocity was Uncle Hamlet the behavior, and wanted him to revenge for the father.To this, he started the difficult revenge course, launched the life and death contest with Claudius. Finally, sent out sword the revenge to Claudius.
Shakespeare created Hamlet--a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge on his uncle for killing his father, he pretended to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . If a country has no king, how can a country keep alive.So, every thing has two sides, the bright side and adumbral side. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice.
Hamlet is a man with contradictory,he had many chances to kill Claudius,but he hesitated,which reflects the religious thought poisons.
All above ideas are my understanding of Hamlet.
3、Heathcliff ' s Love for Catherine
In Wuthering Heights Heathcliff showed his passionate love for Catherine, but is it true love? I don’t think so.
First, Heathcliff was a homeless orphan; Mr. Earshaw, the owner of Wuthering Heights, brought him up. Mr. Earshaw treated him well and he felt grateful for Mr. Earshaw. Catherine is Mr. Earshaw’s daughter, so Heathcliff turned the grateful for Mr. Earshaw to the love for Catherine. And, he had a desire to be a noble gentleman. So, get married with Catherine and to be rich is his best plan.
Second, when Heathcliff lost his Catherine, he felt great sorrow and angry, he thought it’s Linton who robbed the woman once belonged to him. As Heathcliff felt himself inferior, he had to gone without a try to get his girl. He thought Catherine and Linton are born to live together, but himself was just a homeless orphan with no status.
Third, Heathcliff’s love for Catherine is just like possessing or occupying something, he want to own her as own some goods.He didn’t care about Catherine’s life and broke her family cruelly, his return indirectly led to Catherine’s death; can we say it’s true love? It may be some kind of abnormal, Heathcliff’s abnormal psychology didn’t meet his love for Catherine.
The love in Wuthering Heights is a tragedy; it shows the dark side of love and human nature. It is a selfish love. The true love is giving each other happiness, not sadness; Love is make sure your lover leads a better life than you, not invade her life; Love is giving, not achieving; Love is the greatest thing in the world, not the most ugly thing.
4、"English Romanticism"
Romanticism is a movement prevailing the 19th centure in Weasterm World in literature,art music and philosophy beginning as a reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and customs of neo-classicism.It was marked and is always marked by a story reaction .It returned to nature and plain humanity for material.Itbrought about a renewed interest in medieval literature.It was also marked by sympathy for poor people and thus a deep understanding toward common people.It was a movement expression of indivdual orignality and different poets realized their variety.A dream of golden age is established against stern realities .Imagination is the key point.
As for its spirit,in Rousseaut's work the authors extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Shakespeare. Goethe sought to imitate Shakespeare's free and untrammeled style in his Götz von Berlichingen (1773; translated 1799), a historical drama about a 16th-century robber knight. The play, which justifies revolt against political authority, inaugurated the Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) movement, a forerunner of German romanticism. Goethe's novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774; translated 1779) was also in this tradition. One of the great influential documents of romanticism, this work exalts sentiment, even to the point of justifying committing suicide because of unrequited love. The book set a tone and mood much copied by the romantics in their works and often in their personal lives: a fashionable tendency to frenzy, melancholy, world-weariness, and even self-destruction.
5、Pride and Prejudice
It tell us two love stories as follow:Mr Bingley and Jane,Elizabeth and Mr Darcy. Mr Bingley was a rich single man . Mr Bingley knew Jane and fell in love with her in a ball. They experience a serious of difficult thing to got married.
Mr Bingley’s friend , Mr Darcy was a tall , handsome single man . And it’s said that he was richer than Mr Bingley. But people found that he was too pride to talk with others , and he looked down upon others and thought girls weren’t beautiful enough to dance with him. So Elizabeth had a prejudice against him.
Then, Mr Darcy proposaled to her , but Elizabeth hated he so much that she refused him. So, he gave her a letter to explain the misunderstanding . After reading the letter, Elizabeth changed the attitude to him .
A year later, Elizabeth found Mr Darcy had changed a lot surprisingly. He became humble .And in fact, Mr Darcy did a lot to help her at last . After she knew that , she loved Mr Darcy altogether .
Eventually, Jane married Mr Bingley and Elizabeth married Mr Darcy . They live a happy life .
From the book , we can know the upper class has a discrimination to the poor. The book in the Western history were somehow related to money. The origin of discrimination is money. Nowadays, we can still see the reflection of the phonomenon. For example, when a girl chooses her husband, she will consider many things. But it seems that money is always considered first .
6、Is Tess a Pure Woman?
Tess, a daughter of a farmer is plain, warm-hearted, hard-working and filially obedient, just as a nature daughter. If one can choose a family to be born in, it is faulty for her to be born in a poor family, which dooms her fate. As her family is poor, what’s worse, her father is lazy and alcohol-addicted, Tess works hard to support her family. One day. Something unlucky happened. The horse prince, the only valuable property the whole family depend on, is killed in an accident. After accident, the family is involved in great trouble?-how to make money to buy one.So she works for Alec D’urberville, who is a bad guy: One evening Alec seduces Tess and rapes her. So Tess loses her chastity. In most conservative’s eye Tess is not pure any longer. I don’t agree with them. I think Tess’s purity is not in body, but in spirit.
Though later Tess is seduced by Alec, it is not her fault .She is the victim of the accident.But why is Tess seduced by Ale. Because she is too young to protect herself.At last she decides to marry Clare after fierce mental struggle. We can see how warm-hearted and pure she is. She doesn’t want to cheat Clare and wants to chase true love.
To sum up though Tess is not pure in body. She is pure in spirit, just as the author writes: “Tess of The O’urbervilles——A pure women faithfully presented by Thomas Hardy.”
7、The Oedipus Complex in " Sons and Lovers"恋母情结
Sons and lovers, the most popular masterpiece of d. h. Lawrence, is largely autobiological. Numerous researchers have explored the complicated relationships among the characters with the help of Freud’s psychological theory. The prevailing opinion is that Paul and his mother’s relationship is beyond the normal son – mother relationship, which is called “Oedipus complex” according to Freud’s theory.
The name Oedipus complex was given by Freud based on the Greek story of Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother. The great psychologist employed this name to describe the phenomenon that a child’s attachment to the opposite – sex parent becomes sexualized, so that the child wishes to posses him or her and get rid of the other parent .
I believe that the novel did reflect the Oedipus complex. However, I do not think it is sound to judge Paul has this complex towards his mother when he was a little boy. The psychological features of children should also be considered in the analysis.The first is about little Paul’s love for his mother and the second, his hatred to his father.
After reading the relative articles, I found most of the researchers counted I don’t think it is right that little Paul’s attachment to his mother when he was about six years old as the result of the Oedipus complex .
Sons and Lovers is such a great novel that it arouses both the psychologists and the literature critic’s’ interests. Different readers see it with different versions. Superficial as mine is, it’s pleasure to have it turned into letters and shared with others.