近年来,中考英语试题中针对数词的考点主要有:确切数量与模糊数量表示法;年龄、年
代表示法;分数词表示法;“基数词十名词”构成的合成形容词;基数词与序数词辨异。
【考点一】确切数t与模糊数且表示法
●当hundred, thousand, million等前面有不定冠词a或one, two, three, four等数词时,hundred, thousand, million等要用单数形式表示“确切数量”。如果表示“数百、数千、数百万”等“模糊数量”时,hundred, thousand, million要用复数形式,且后面要与of连用。如:a hundred people“一百人”,four thousand cars “4000辆车”,seven million dollars“700万美元”,hundreds of computers“数百台电脑”,thousands of trees“数千棵树/成千上万棵树”,millions of stars“数百万颗星星”等。
●表示“模糊数量”时,还可用and连接两个数词hundred, thousand或million,此时这两个数词都要用复数形式,后面同样都要与of连用。如:hundreds and thousands of“千千万万的”,hundreds and millions of“亿万的”等。
【中考链接】
1. visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. (2018年重庆A卷)
A. Thousand B. Thousand of
C. Thousands D. Thousands of
2. people visited Hongyadong, Chongqing on May Day this year.(2018年重庆B卷)
A. Thousand B. Thousands
C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
3. The CCTV program The Readers interests people of all ages. (2018年孝感)
A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousand of D. thousands of
4. Nowadays, farmers leave their home town to search for work in the cities.(2018年滨州)
A. million of B. two millions
C. millions of D. two millions of
5.-England is becoming a popular tourist destination now.
-I think so. people come here every summer vacation.(2017年恩施)
A. Hundreds and thousands of
B. Hundred and thousand of
C. Hundreds and thousands
【答案与解析】
1. Do thousand前没有不定冠词a或one,two, three, four等数词时,要用thousands of表示“模糊数量”,意为“成千上万的”。
2. D。解析参见第1题。
3. D。解析参见第1题。
4. C。A项的错误是million后少了s; B项的错误是million后多了s; D项的错误是多了of和million后多了s。因此,本题选C项。
5. A。用and连接hundred, thousand或million表示“模糊数量”时,hundred, thousand或million都要用复数形式,且后面要与of连用,故本题应选择A项。
【考点二】年龄、年代表示法
●表示“年龄”用基数词,如:eighteen years old“十八岁”;但表示某人多少岁的生日要用序数词,如:his eighteenth birthday“他的十八岁生日”。
●表示“在某人几十岁时”,把表示“几十”的基数词变为复数形式,且其前用人称代词所有格,如:in his fifties“在他五十岁时”。
●表示“年代”,在数字后加s或's,且数字前要用the,如:in the 1980s/1980's“在二十世纪八十年代”。
【中考链接】
1. My daughter is years old. Today is her birthday. (2018年邵卿
A. nine; nineth B. nine; ninth
C. ninth; nine
2. It's my daughter's birthday today. She's years old.(2018年青岛)
A. eighteen B. eighteenth
C. the eighteen D. the eighteenth
3. This Saturday is my birthday. Welcome to my party!(2017年重庆B卷)
A. fourteenth B. the fourteenth
C. fourteen D. the fourteen
【答案与解析】
1. B。第一个空格后是years old,要用基数词表示年龄;第二个空格后是birthday,要用序数词表示“多少岁生日”。
2.A。解析参见第1题。
3.A。解析参见第1题。
【考点三】分数词表示法
分数词由“基数词+序数词”构成,基数词表示“分子”,序数词表示“分母”。当“分子”大于1时,“分母”要用复数形式。比较:one third三分之一,two thirds三分之二,three fifths五分之三,four sevenths七分之四。
●构成分数词时,基数词与序数词之间加不加横线都可以。如:one-third=one third, three-fifths=three fifths。
●“数词/冠词a+quarter”表示“四分之……”,quarter表示“分母”,相当于“数词+fourth(s)”。当“分子”大于1时,quarter要用复数形式。如:one/a quartet=one fourth“四分之一”;three quarters=three fourths“四分之三”等。
●表示“百分之……”的percent或per cent不用复数形式,构成形式:“基数词+percent/per cent”。如:one percent/per cent“百分之一”,twenty-six percent/per cent“百分之二十六”等。
【中考链接】
一Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.
-That's of the world' s total. (2018年咸阳)
A. two third B. two-third
C. two thirds D. two three
【答案与解析】C。三分之二,分子大于1,分母的序数词third要用复数形式thirds,分子要用基数词two,故应选择C项。
重要补充:1.考查分数词用法的试题,还常结合主谓一致进行考查。此时,我们要依照分数词所修饰的名词来确定句子的谓语用单数还是用复数。如果所修饰的是复数形式的可数名词,谓语要用复数形式;如果所修饰的是不可数名词,谓语要用单数形式。比较例句:
One third of the people there are farmers.那里三分之一的人是农民。
Two thirds of the work has been done.这项工作的三分之二已经完成。
2. population(人口)要用单数形式,但表示“百分之几的人口”作主语时,谓语动词却要用复数形式。如:
Over 80 per cent of our whole population are peasants.我国总人口的百分之八十以上是农民。
Twenty percent were dropped, in the examination.有百分之二十的人考试不及格。
【中考链接】
1.-Mum, of my classmates glasses.
一Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well.(2018年宿迁)
A. three-fouiths; wears
B. three-fourth; wear
C. three-fourth; wears
D: three-fourths; wear
2.-What do you think of the environment here, Mr.Wang?
-Wonderful! of the land covered with trees and grass. (2018年安顺)
A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; is
C. Two fifths; are D. Two fifth; are
【答案与解析】
1. D。四分之三,分子大于1,分母的序数词fourth要用其复数形式fourths,分子要用基数词three,故第一空要用three-fourths。第二空考查的是主谓一致。主语classmates是可数名词的复数形式,无论是其中的四分之一还是四分之二,谓语都要用复数形式,故第二空要用wear。故本题应选择D项。
2.A。五分之二,分子大于1,分母的序数词fifth要用其复数形式fifths,分子要用基数词two,故第一空要用Two fifths。第二空考查的是主谓一致。主语land是不可数名词,谓语用单数形式,故第二空要用is。故本题应选择A项。
【考点四】“基数词+名词”构成的合成形容词
“基数词+名词(+形容词)”构成合成形容词时,用连字号“-”连接,连字号后的这个名词不能用复数形式。例如:a 7-day holiday“为期七天的假期”,a five-year-old boy“一个五岁的男孩”。
【中考链接】
1.-Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge?
一Of course, it' s built over a canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.(2018年连云港)
A. 300-meter-deep
B. 300-meters-deep
C. 300 meter deep
D. 300-meters deep
2. It is five years since we began to enjoy a spring holiday each year.(2017年泰安)
A. ten-day B. ten day
C. ten day’s D. ten days
【答案与解析】
1. A。“基数词+名词+形容词”构成合成形容词时,其中的名词不能用复数形式,故本题应选择A项,即300-meter-deep。
2. A。ten-day是合成形容词,意思是“十天的”,作spring holiday的定语。
【考点五】基数词与序数词辨异
●表示人或物的“数量”,要用基数词。如:five students“五个学生”,one hundred computers“一百台电脑”。
●表示“第几”要用序数词,前面要与the或人称代词所有格连用。例如:the First World War“第一次世界大战”,the third flood“第三层楼”,in her second class“在她的第二节课上”。
●“a/an+序数词”不是强调“第几”,而是表示“又一、另一、再一”。例如:a second Lei Feng“又一个活雷锋”,a third time“再次”。
【中考链接】
1. My grandparents live in an old aparhnent with floors and they are on the
floor.(2017年滨州)
A. fifth; three B. fifth; third
C. five; three D. five; third
2. A year is divided into months. August is the month of the year. (2016年毕节)
A. twelve; eight B. twelve; eighth
C. twelfth; eight D. twelfth; eighth
【答案与解析】
1. D。第一空后是复数名词floors,故第一空用基数词five表示数量;第二空前有定冠词the,其后是单数名词floor,故第二空用序数词作定语,表示“第几层”。故本题应选择D项。
2. B。第一空后是复数名词months,故第一空用基数词twelve表示数量;第二空前有定冠词the,其后是单数名词month,要用序数词作定语,表示“第几个”。故本题应选择B项。
特别提醒:确切数量与模糊数量表示法、年龄、年代表示法、分数词表示法、“基数词+名词”构成的合成形容词、基数词与序数词辨异等数词考点,现在已不再局限于在单项选择题中进行考查,在“词语运用”或“语法运用”等主观题中进行考查也很常见。
【练一练】
一、单项选择。从每题A,B,C,D中选出一个最佳答案。
1. Boys and girls, please turn to Page and look at the picture.
A. Fifth; five B. Five; five
C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; fifth
2. It took people three months to build this great building.
A. two hundreds B. hundred of
C. hundreds of D. two hundred of
3.-Tony, where is your classroom?
-It' s on the floor. What about yours?
A. three B. third
C. threes D. thirds
4. Tony' s mum looks young and pretty. It’s hard to imagine she is already in her .
A. fifties B. fifty
C. fiftieths D. fiftieth
5. Basketball is so exciting that people play it for fun.
A. million B. two millions
C. million of D. millions of
6. Helen loves reading. She has read books this month.
A. five B. fifth C. five of D. fifth of
7. It's reported that over eight people lost their lives in the earthquake in Nepal this year.
A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousand of D. thousands of
8. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the English Training.
A. two-months B. two-month
C. two months D. two month
9. of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
A. Fifth two B. Two fifth
C. Fifth second D. Two fifths
10. Come on, Jimmy. We have already done of the work.
A. two-three B. two-third
C. two-thirds D. second-three
11. It's my time to come to the bookstore this month because most of the books
in it are my favorite.
A. four B. fours C. fourth D. fourths
12. In our city, middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future.
A. thousand B. thousand of
C. thousands of D. two thousand of
13.-How far is it from Beijing to Haikou?
-It's a flight from Beijing to Haikou.
A. 3-hour-long B. 3 hours long
C. 3 hour' s long D. 3 hour long
14. of the girls will join the summer camp to visit England.
A. Three fives B. Third fifths
C. Three five D. Three fifths
15. Father's Day is on the Sunday in June. It's on June 21st this year.
A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
16.-Which month of the year do you like?
-July, the month because summer vacation begins in this month.
A. second B. seventh
C. ninth D. fifth
17. David Beckham has children. Brooklyn Beckham is his son.
A. third; first B. three; one
C. three; first D. third; one
18. May is month of the year and September is .
A. five; nine B. the five; the nine
C. fifth; ninth D. the fifth; the ninth
19.-Which is the biggest number of the four?
A. Two thirds B. Three fourths
C. A half D. A quarter
20. Christmas Day is on of December, isn't it?
A. the twenty-fifth B. twenty-fifth
C. twenty-five D. the twenty-five
21. I'm too thirsty. I've already had two cups of tea, and I'm drinking cup.
A. three B. third
C. the third D. thirds
22.-When did China test its aircraft carrier(航空母舰)built completely on its own?
-In 2017.
A. one B. first
C. the one D. the first
23. birds have come back to our hometown because the environment here becomes better and better.
A. Thousands of B. Thousand of
C. Thousand D. Thousands
24. I live on floor. To keep fit, I walk upstairs instead of taking the lib every day.
A. twelve B. the twelve
C. the twelfth D. the twelfths
25. "Food Safety" has become one of the hottest topics recently. It has received Internet hits.
A. hundred and thousand
B. hundreds and thousands
C. hundred and thousands of
D. hundreds and thousands of
26.-Where are you, John?
-I'm at home. It's my grandma's birthday. We are having a big family dinner.
A. hundred B. a hundred
C. one hundred D. one hundredth
27. He has failed times, but he won't give up a chance.
A. third; four B. three; fourth
C. third; fourth D. three; four
28.-How many hours do you sleep every night?
-About hours, from 10: 00 p.m. to 6: 00 a.m.
A. eight B. eighth
C. the eighth D. an eighth
29. The workers will complete the new railway bridge in .
A. five and a half month
B. five months and half
C. five and a half months
D. five month and a half
30. A year is divided into months. December is month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve
B. twelfth; twelfth
C. twelve; a twelfth
D. twelve; the twelfth
二、根据汉语意思填写适当的单词完成英语句子,每空所填词数不等。
1.汤姆家有五口人,他们住在这座大楼的第九层。
There are in Tom's family. They live on of this building.
2.这儿大约五分之三的陆地被树木所覆盖C
About of the land here covered with trees.
3.我三年前参观过这个城市,这是我第二次来这里。
I visited this city ago and this is my here.
4.他跑得那么快,两乡洲冲就到达了第十一层。
He ran so fast that he reached floor in .
5.八年级五班四分之三的学生在学校吃午餐。
of the students in Class 5, lunch at school.
6.由于天气不好,这些香蕉的五分之一已经坏了。
of the bananas gone bad because of the bad weather.
7.每年五一节有成千上万的游客来这个岛上游览。
There are visiting the island on May Day every year.
8.我们学校有数百名学生,大多数来自农村。
There are in our school and most of them are from the countryside.
9.去年我们在这座小山上栽了200多棵苹果树。
We planted more than tress on this small hill last year.
10.那个八岁的女孩是史密斯夫妇的女儿,名叫玛丽亚。
girl is the Smiths' daughter, who is named Maria.
11.这个地区百分之八十的房子都是新建的。
of the houses in this area newly built.
12.李华总是乐于助人,人们都称他为又一个活雷锋。
Li Hua is always ready to help others. People call him Lei Feng alive.
13.两千多年前人们对宇宙了解甚少。
More than ago, people knew little about the universe.
14.这家工厂里大约有三分之二的工人都出生在八十年代。
About of the workers in the factory were born in .
15.他们每个人每两个星期就得写一份500字的报告。
Each of them has to write a report every .
16.吉姆在四十多岁时当了这家电脑公司的经理。
Jim became manager of this computer company in .
17.第三页第三行有三个拼写错误。
There are spelling mistakes in line on page 3.
18.他们班有45个学生,其中23个是女生。
There are students in their class. And of them are girl.
19.每天步行30分钟对我们的健康有好处。
A walk every day does good to our health.
20.从我家到我们学校,步行要花20分钟。
It takes me to walk from my home to our school.
参
一、单项选择
1-5 DCBAD 6-10 AABDC 11-15 CCADC 16-20 BCDBA
21-25 CBACD 26-30 DBACD
二、1. five people; the ninth floor
2. three fifths; is
3. three years; second time
4. the eleventh; two minutes
5. Three fourths; Grade 8 have
6. One fifth; have
7. thousands of tourists
8. hundreds of students
9. two hundred apple
10. The 8-year-old
11. Eighty ( 80 ) percent; are
12. a second
13. two thousand years
14. two thirds; the 1980s
15. five-hundred-word; two weeks
16. his forties
17. three; the third
18. forty-five;
19. 30-minute
20. twenty/20 minutes