I. Teaching Purpose:
A. About the author and the text
B. Glossary
C. Language points
II. Important and Difficult Points:
A. Structure analysis and the main idea of the text
B. Usage of language points
C. Analysis of difficult sentences
III. Teaching Method:
A. Explanation and practice
B. Oral work
C. Doing exercises
IV. Teaching Contents:
A. Author: Eric Acland
B. Warming-up questions (4 minutes):
1. Do you have a similar story to tell? Is it also about a wolf, about how a dog saved his little master from drowning, about how a horse saved a horseman, about how a tiger rapid the kindness of a doctor who had cured his skin trouble?
2. What roles do you think wild animals play in nature?
3. It is reported that several local people have been seriously hurt by wild tigers in a far-reaching village in China. What measures do you suggest taking to solve the dilemma?
C. Grammar Practice:
1. Inversion
Gone was the puppy-wool coat.
In its place was a handsome black mantle.
In sailed Mrs. Yesno, wild anger, who demanded…
On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still.
There, about 50 feet away, crouched my two attackers…
There stood a giant black wolf.
Types:
a. Complete Inversion: Put the verb before subject.
Here comes the bus.
b. Partly Inversion: Only put the auxiliary verbs, modal verbs,link verbs before subject.
Are you excited?
Only in this way can we learn Deutsch well.
only too: very
…but I knew only too well there should have been no creek there.
I shall be only too pleased to do my best in that line of work.
You know but too well to hold your tongue.
only to do sth: used to mention sth. that happens immediately afterwards, esp. sth. that causes surprise, disappointment, etc.
I tried to travel west but only to hit the creek again.
He went to see her only to find the door was locked.
He returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
3.on one’s own: without help, alone独自地,地,主动地
So I decided to come back home on my own.
We should learn to tackle problems on our own.
They helped fetch water on their own.
Cf. of one’s own 属于自己的
I have nothing of my own.
She has a mind of her own.
For reasons of his own, he refused to join the club.
4.thrill to sth.: (formal) to feel excited at sth.
The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry.
We thrilled to his tales of South Sea adventure.
What a thrilling game; the winner was in doubt until the last minute.
We were thrilled to hear about your new job.
Meeting the famous footballer was a great thrill for the children.
I felt a thrill of terror as the door began to creak open.
This is one of the best of American thrillers
5.(all) for the best: best for the long run although sth. appears bad or unpleasant
I tried to tell myself it was all for the best, but it was hard to lose my brother.
His parents didn’t want him to work in London, but they knew it was perhaps for the best.
Cf Most athletes are at their best during their early manhood.
I was in the best of health and spirits.
6.in(to) focus 焦点对准;清楚的,明白的
It was quite some time before my eyes came into focus enough to see my grandfather sitting by my bed.
The image is in focus.
His explanation brought the meaning of the event into focus for.
She always wants to be the focus of attention.
The eyes of the world are focused on him.
Many firms are focusing on increasing their markets overseas.
C.Word Formation: compound adjectives: n.+ -ed
moon-flooded cabin
snow-filled creek bed
blood-soaked bandage
thunder-struck crowd
sun-tanned arms
wind-driven generator
cloud-capped tower
D. Word Comparison
1. [辨析] howl, rumble, snarl, whimper
狼、狗、狐狸的嚎叫,常指夜间嗥叫
隆隆的响声
露齿而吠,嗥叫
动物的悲嗥声,唔咽 |
rumble隆隆的响声
snarl露齿而吠,嗥叫
whimper动物的悲嗥声,唔咽
2. [辨析] bough, twig, branch
1) bough
2) twig
3) branch
E. Text Analyses and Discussion:
1. Structure of the text (10 minutes)
The story can be roughly divided into four parts: the first three paragraphs serve as the introduction. The second part describes the happy days the boy and Maheegun had together in the short period of less than a year, and how Maheegun returned to the wild where he belonged. Next is the reunion of the two when the boy’s life was endangered by two hungry wolves. In the concluding part, the brothers returned to the place where they each belonged – the boy to his warm home and his loved ones, the world to his kind in the wild. The story beings in spring and ends in early spring, in the normal sequence of Nature.
2. Action expressions
The writer is successful in his description of natural scenes, the snowstorm, for example, and the wolf – his appearance, action and mood. The text is rich in verbs, phrases and idioms denoting action. Here are some describing Maheegun’s actions: upset, scatter, poke his head around the corner, lay his head between his front paws, turning his head this way and that, lick at the dried blood.
3. Easter
Prior to A.D. 325, Easter was variously celebrated on different days of the week, including Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. In that year, emperor Constantine issued the Easter Rule which states that Easter shall be celebrated on the first Sunday that occurs after the first full moon on or after the vernal equinox. The "full moon" in the rule is the ecclesiastical full moon. It does not always occur on the same date as the astronomical full moon. The ecclesiastical "vernal equinox" is always on March 21. Therefore, Easter must be celebrated on a Sunday between the dates of March 22 and April 25.
Easter 2004
Ash Wednesday is 25 February
Palm Sunday is 4 April
Good Friday is 9 April
(Western) Easter Sunday is 11 April
(Orthodox) Easter Sunday is 11 April
The Easter Bunny
The bountiful Easter bunnies have become the most favorite Easter symbol. It's universal and secular in its appeal. And, most important of all, it relates to Easter historically.
The ancient Egyptians related hares to the moon. Egyptian name for hare was 'un', meaning 'open'. And they were beloved to be watching the full moon opened eyes throughout the night.
Also the hare and eggs have to the Anglo-Saxon spring goddess Eostre. Possibly, this is because both of them were regarded to be emblems of fertility.
The German immigrants, who brought in most of the Teutonic Easter traditions here, made rabbits so popular among the non-German kids. The German children used to have rabbit's nests filled with decorated eggs. They also used to build nests. They looked so attractive that even the non-German kids demanded such gifts on the Easter.
The Easter Egg
As with the Easter Bunny and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime is a custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated by Christians.
From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures. Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals of certain flowers.
Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets along with the modern version of real Easter eggs -- those made of plastic or chocolate candy.
The Armenians would decorate hollow eggs with pictures of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and other religious designs.
Easter Egg Games
On Easter morning the children of the house join in a search to locate the eggs that the Easter Bunny had hidden while they where asleep. The searching might continue though out the house with the older children helping the youngest. Sometimes prizes of candy are awaiting the child finding the most eggs
Easter egg hunts can be also part of a community's celebration of holiday. The eggs are hidden in public places and the children of the community are invited to find the eggs
The rules of an Easter Egg Roll are to see who can roll an egg the greatest distance or can make the roll without breaking it, usually down a grassy hillside or slope
Maybe the most famous egg rolling takes place on the White House Lawn. Hundreds of children come with baskets filled with brightly decorated eggs and roll them down the famous lawn, hoping the President of the United States is watching the fun.
The Lovely Lily of Easter
Who doesn't love to have the nice white lily as part of the Easter gift?
In fact, the lovely white trumpet lily has been enjoying a great favor in being included as a principal item for church decoration for quite some time. A perfect gift of nature to beautify our Easter. Isn't it?
But its acceptance in America, as such, dates back around the 1800s. It came in with the rise in the Easter observances by the Protestants in America. And, strange, it took some more time to find a widespread acceptance.
In the 1880s, while in Bermuda, Ms Thomas P Sargent became familiar with a beautiful lily that blooms naturally in springtime. She just fell for this lovely white 'Bermuda' lily. She brought its bulbs in back home in Philadelphia. There, a nursery man, called William Harris, fostered its popularity among other florists. Following this it did not take long for the flower to win the hearts of million to be the main flower of the Easter floral arrangements.
4. Do wolves have intelligence?
In fiction, the wolf is sometimes represented as an evil, conniving carnivore which preys on small children and livestock. While wolves do sometimes prey on livestock, they are responsible for a very small percentage of the livestock deaths in North America. Attacks by healthy wild wolves on humans is almost unheard of, and there has never been a fatal attack on a human by a healthy wild wolf in North America. Those attacks that do take place might involve an unhealthy wolf, or a human who is somehow inciting the wolf to action or impinging upon the wolf's territory.
Other cultures have better views of the wolf. In Roman mythology, the god Mars considered the wolf a sacred animal, and the founders of Rome were raised by a wolf. Native Americans also hold the wolf in high regard and believe that wolves carry characteristics that humans should also find important, such as strong family structure and teaching the young. Eastern Europeans often viewed wolves as protectors of the harvest.
There seems to be very little in the way of a 'middle ground' about wolves. They will probably always be both revered and hated. However, As time passes and education efforts continue, these perceptions seem to be changing to a more realistic view of the wolf as a vital part of a balanced ecosystem.
V. Exercises and Assignment:
1. Doing exercises at page 41-50 of unit 2 in the text book (omitted)
2. How did the boy get lost in a snowstorm and how did Maheegun come to his rescue in about 130 words.
Sample:
When the boy was walking home after spending the Easter holidays in his cousins’ place, he got lost in a snowstorm and was trapped in the wild. On the third or fourth day, the boy was in a very dangerous situation: it was terribly cold, and he could hardly find any more wood to build a fire. What’s more, he cut his hand by accident, and a wolf followed the bloodspots on the snow and found where he was. Soon another wolf came, and the two of them were only 50 feet away. Just then Maheegun appeared as if from nowhere. He drove off the other two. Throughout the night, Maheegun staye with the boy, watching for any attackers. The next day the search team arrived and took the boy home.
Lesson Twelve Christmas Day in the Morning
I. Teaching Purpose:
A. About the author and the text
B. Glossary
C. Language points
II. Important and Difficult Points:
A. Structure analysis and the main idea of the text
B. Usage of language points
C. Analysis of difficult sentences
III. Teaching Method:
A. Explanation and practice
B. Oral work
C. Doing exercises
IV. Teaching Contents:
A. Language Structures: Grammar Practice:
Past perfect:
1. Structure: had + past participle
2. Function:
1). An action that has finished before an action or a definite time in the past.
Eg.
They had got everything ready before I came.
I could see from her face that she had received some good news.
By the end of last week she had written two papers.
2). “future in the past”, i.e. an action that has finished before a certain time.
Eg.
She made up her mind to go on trying until she had succeeded.
The plane would take off as soon as it had stopped raining.
3). An action happened after a certain time. Usually used with then, in two weeks etc.
Eg.
Something truck her eyes. She had fallen to the ground.
He died last summer. The had got no chance to see each other even once for 20 years.
3. Some adverbs are often used accompanying the past perfect phrase, meaning an action that happens shortly after another one. They are: hardly, scarcely, no sooner …than etc.
eg:
She had hardly (scarcely) gone to bed when the bell rang.
(她刚睡下铃就响了。)
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.
(他们刚刚离开那座大楼,就爆炸了。)
B. Language Points:
One: words
1. cling (HOLD) v. clung, clung
to stick onto or hold something or someone tightly, or to refuse to stop holding them:
We got so wet that our clothes clung to us.
They clung together in terror as the screams grew louder.
One little girl was clinging onto a cuddly toy.
She clung to the handrail as she walked down the slippery steps.
clingy adjective
clingy material
a clingy skirt
cling (STAY CLOSE) verb clung, clung
1 [I usually + adverb or preposition] to stay close or near:
The road clings to (= closely follows) the coastline for several miles, then it turns inland.
2 [I] DISAPPROVING to stay close to someone who is caring for you, in a dependent way:
Jenny is the kind of child who always clings whenever she's taken to a new place.
cling (on) to sth phrasal verb
to try very hard to keep something:
He clung on to power for another ten years.
cling to sth phrasal verb
to refuse to stop believing or hoping for something:
She clings to the hope that her husband will come back to her.
2. wake: v. past tense woke/waked AmE past participle woken/waked AmE. Also wake up : to stop sleeping, or to make someone stop sleeping:
James usually wakes up early.
I’ll wake you up when it’s time to leave.
Wake up: phr. V. 1. to start tolisten or pay attention to something.
Wake up at the back there!
wake up and smell the coffee. AmE. Spoken used to tell someone to recognize the truth or reality of something.
Wake (up) to: phr. V. 1. to experience something as you are waking up:
Nancy woke up to the sound of birds outside her window.
Waken: also waken up. V. formal to wake or to wake someone.
She gently wakened the sleeping child.
3.Strange how the habits of his youth clung to him still.
It was strange how up to that moment he had continued doing things the way he had always done them from boyhood.
The complete form should be: It was strange how …
The elliptical form is often used in informal speech or narration.
Other examples:
Now wonder he lost his job!
Interesting how she came to know him.
Funny how it all started.
4. trim:
1.cut: to make something look neater by cutting small pieces off it.
Your hair needs trimming.
2.reduce. To remove parts of a plan to reduce its cost.
We need to trim the Defense budget by a further $500m.
3.decorate. To decorate the edges of clothes by adding a piece of different material.
5. now (that): conjunction. Because of something or as a result of something:
Now that they’ve got to know each other a little better, they get along just fine.
Now you’re here, why not have a drink.
6. slip v.
1. slide: to accidentally slide a short distance quickly or to fall by sliding.
Suddenly, Frank slipped and fell over the edge.
2.move quickly. To move quickly, smoothly, or secretly.
Slip out/through/by.
Nobody saw her slip silently out.
The week slipped slowly by.
The terrorists had slipped through the airport’s security net.
3.slip your mind/memory: if something slips your mind you forget to do something.
I am sorry I missed your birthday; it completely slipped my mind.
Two: language points.
1.…help with the milking.: …help milk the cows.
to help with: to give a hand in
2.He was fifteen years old…when he had overheard what his father was saying to his mother.
To be on his father’s farm: Note the use of “on” before the noun “farm”.
He had not known it until one day…: the past perfect is used because the state of not knowing had lasted up to that day. “it” refers to the fact that he loved his father.
C.Word Formation:
wake n. | wake v. | wakeful adj. |
cling v. | clinging n. | clingy adj. |
lay v. | lay n.. | lay adj. |
hate v. | hate n. | hatred n. |
1. What is the feature of the text that attracts a mass audience?
The text is intended to inspire people to high ideals and noble sentiments. Because the characters and the plot are simple and down-to-earth, the story would appeal to a mass audience. Many ordinary people would identify with the hero. They might see themselves as the same type of person and they might imagine themselves as giving a loved one a similar type of special gift.
2. What is the central idea of the story?
The central idea of this story is expressed in the statement that love alone can waken love. It means that love is always mutual and always begins with giving. In view of the growing lack of human warmth partly due to the fierce competition in modern society, this idea appears all the more important. Of course it would be naïve to think that love is the answer to all our problems today, and in a world divided by class, racial and national conflicts, universal love is still unrealistic.
E. Exercises and Assignment:
Doing exercises at page 324--337 of unit 13 in the text book (omitted)