一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 | 读音 | 例词 |
a | 开音节中[eɪ] | name plane Jane baby cake |
闭音节中[æ] | bag dad hat map black back | |
e | 开音节中 [i :] | he these me Chinese |
闭音节中 [e] | bed let pen desk yes | |
i | 开音节中 [ɑɪ] | bike drive time nice kite |
闭音节中 [ı] | fish big drink sit milk swim | |
o | 开音节中 [әu] | those close go home no |
闭音节中 [D] | clock not box shop sock | |
u | 开音节中 [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday |
闭音节中 [Λ] | bus cup jump much lunch |
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
字母 | 读音 | 例词 |
a | [ә] | China another woman breakfast |
[ɪ] | orange village cabbage | |
e | [ә] | hundred student open weekend |
[ɪ] | chicken pocket begin | |
i | [ә]/[ı] | holiday beautiful family animal |
[aɪ] | exercise satellite | |
o | [ә] | second tonight somebody welcome |
[әu] | also zero photo | |
u | [ә] | autumn difficult |
[ju:] | popular congratulation January |
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
字母 | 读音 | 例词 |
a | 在[w]音后面读 [D] | want what watch wash quality |
在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前读 [ɑ:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | |
i | 在-nd、-ld和-gh前读[ɑɪ] | find child light high |
o | 在-st、-ld前读[әu] | most old cold postcard |
在m、n 、v 、th前读[Λ] | come monkey love mother |
字组 | 读音 | 例词 |
ar | 一般读[ɑ:] | car farm dark sharp |
在[w]后读[ɔ:] | warm quarter towards | |
or | 一般读[ɔ:] | forty morning short |
在[w]音后读 [з:] | word worker worse | |
er、 ir、 ur | [з:] | certainly bird Thursday |
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ә]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
are | [eә] | care dare hare |
ere | [ɪә] | here mere |
ire | [ɑɪә] | fire hire wire |
ore | [ɔ:] | more score before shore bore |
ure | [ju:ә] | pure cure |
重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音,例如: parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象,例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读音 | 例 词 |
ai/ay | [eɪ] | afraid rain wait day play |
air | [eә] | air hair chair pair repair |
al | [ɔ:l] | always also salt almost |
[ɑ:] | half calm palm | |
在f、m前[ɔ:l] | small ball talk wall all | |
au/aw | [ɔ:] | autumn daughter draw |
ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please |
[e] | heavy bread sweater weather | |
[eɪ] | break great | |
ear | [ɪә] | hear dear near clear year |
[eә] | bear pear wear | |
[з:] | earth learn early | |
ee | [i:] | jeep week green three |
eer | [ɪә] | pioneer deer beer |
ei/ey | [eɪ] | eight neighbour they |
[i:] | either key | |
eu/ew | [u:] | flew brew |
在j、l、r、s后 [ju:] | new few newspaper | |
ie/ei | [i:] | piece field receive |
oa | [әu] | coat Joan boat goal |
oar/oor | [ɔ:] | roar board door floor |
oi/oy | [ɔɪ] | noise point boy toilet |
oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school |
[u] | book look cook foot good | |
ou/ow | [ɑu] | flower house count down |
[әu] | know row throw though | |
[Λ] | young country enough | |
[u:] | group you soup | |
our | [ɔ:] | course your four |
[ɑuә] | our hour ours | |
[з:] | journey | |
ui | [u:] | juice fruit suit |
在j、l 、r、 s后[ju: ɪ] | fluid suicide tuition |
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
ai/ay 、ei/ey | [ɪ] | Sunday foreign monkey |
ow | [әu] | yellow sparrow tomorrow |
ou、ui | [ә]/ [ɪ]。 | neighbour serious famous biscuit |
-sion、 -tion | [∫n] | impression nation |
-sion | 在元音字母后 [n] | vision decision occasion |
-tion | 在s后 [t∫n] | question suggestion |
-sten | [sn] | listen |
-stle | [sl] | whistle castle |
-sure | [ʒә] | pleasure measure |
-ture | [t∫ә] | picture culture |
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如: everyday [eɪ] handbag [æ] blackboard [ɔ:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[eɪ]日子 > Sunday[ɪ] 星期天
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ә] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ә] 碗柜
九、辅音字组的读音
字母组 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
b | [b] | bike bus bag |
[/] | bomb tomb | |
c | [k] | cake picture coat music |
在 e前或在i/y前 [s] | face decide cinema | |
ch | [t∫] | much chick rich teacher |
[k] | school headache chemistry | |
[∫] | machine | |
-ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock |
d | [d] | doctor bread hand day |
-dge | [dʒ] | bridge fridge |
dr- | [dr] | children driver drink |
f | [f] | five four breakfast |
-ds | [dz] | stands floods goods |
g | [g] | bag gardon go |
在e、i、y前 [d ] | orange large German | |
gh | [f] | cough enough |
[/] | light daughter high | |
gu-、-gue | 在非重读音节中 [g] | guess league dialogue |
[gw] | language anguish |
h | [h] | hot head house hand |
[/] | hour honest | |
j | [dʒ ] | jeep jar joke join July |
k | [k] | kind bike skate make |
kn- | [n] | knife know knock |
l | [l] | life milk school tall |
m | [m] | monkey come autumn |
-mn | [m] | autumn column |
n | [n] | not shine ten note |
在[k]/ [g]音前 [ŋ] | uncle thank hungry | |
-ng | [ŋ] | morning young wrong |
p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen |
ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone |
q | [k] | Iraq |
qu- | [kw] | quality quite |
r | [r] | red rubber ruler |
s | 在词首或清辅音前 [s] | sit sleep desk |
元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] | music husband | |
sc- | [sk] | Scarlet school |
[s] | muscle science |
sh | [∫] | she fish shirt wash |
t | 通常情况下 [t] | ten letter meet |
弱读字母ia 、ie、 io前 [∫] | patient nation | |
tch | [t∫] | Watch kitchen |
th | 在通常情况下[θ] | thin thirty method |
冠词、代词、介词、连词[ð] | the these with than | |
在词尾-the 、-ther中 [ð] | Clothes father weather | |
tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck |
ts | [ts] | sports parts |
v | [v] | very voice love leave |
w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait |
[/] | answer two | |
wh- | wh-在字母o前 [w] | what when white why |
[h] | who whose whole | |
x | 重读元音前 [ks] | box text exercise |
[gz] | example exist exact | |
wr- | [r] | write |
y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young |
z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo |
1、重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
2、开音节
①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。
【辅音+元音】例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
【辅音+元音+辅音(r除外)+不发音的e】例如:name these bike home
3、闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节
【元音+辅音】或【元音+辅音+辅音】例如: bag egg fish not cup
4、多音节词重读规则
①通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如: el-e-phant con-gra-tu- la-tion
②词尾有-ic 或-tion , -sion的词,在-ic 或 -sion , -tion前的一个音节上重读。例如: sci-en-ti-fic im-pre-ssion na-tion