一. 题型解读
试题模式为:给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,要求同学||们根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空||白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“||主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上||下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”
新题型七选五其实跟传统题型完形填空||有相似之处,完形填空空出的是词,而七选五空出的是句子,但是他们的考察方||式都是一样的,只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯,符合英文的语法||以及习惯表达就行,因此,这两类题型在做题方法上有共通之处。另外,从||该题型给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点:该||题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句||子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。
另外两个多余的||干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除,例如主旨概括句要么||过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结||构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些,我们总结一些||关于七选五的做题方法供大家参考。
二. 解题方法
1. 先看选项
跟完形填空不一样,七选五的答案选项较少||,并且给出的都是句子,因此,我们可以通过句子的完整性或者||句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外,通过阅读选项,有可能找出跟||其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子,这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
2. 再看空前空后
由于七选五空出的是整个句子,而这些句子与句子之间,必然||有一种联系,因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相||关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性,从而选择正确的答案。
3. 注意代词或定冠词
在做这类题目的时候,一定要注意句子中||出现的人称代词或者指示代词,因为我们知道,代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的,然||后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句||子的类型,我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可||以了。
4. 注意一些特殊疑问词
如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词,||一定要把这句话仔细读几遍,因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的,比||如对why的回答,后面要有because||等表原因的词,对when的回答,后面要有表时间的状语,对||where的回答,后面要有表地点的名词,对how的回答,后面要有方||式状语等。
5. 注意一些连词
如一些表示转折的连词,but,Howev||er,yet,though,nevertheless等,另外还有一些表示并||列关系的连词如and,also,as we||ll as,neither nor,either or,no||t only...but also,on the one hand...||.on the other hand等。因为这些连词||可以表现句子与句子之间的关系,通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间||不同的关系。
三. 高考英语七选五真题集
(一)新课标Ⅱ卷
A garden that's just right for you
Have you ev||er visited a garden that ||seemed just right for you, where the at||mosphere of the garden appea||red to total more than the sum||(总和) of its parts? 16 . B||ut it doesn't happen by ||accident. It starts with lo||oking inside yourself and und||erstanding who you are with respe||ct to the natural world and how you ||approach the gardening ||process.
● 17
Some p||eople may think that a garden is no more than plants||, flowers, patterns and masses of co||lor. Others are concern||ed about using gardenin||g methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there ar||e a number of other reasons that might explain why you want ||to garden. One of them comes from our e||arliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a gard||en should be often goes back to ch||ildhood. Grandma‟s rose g||arden and Dad‟s vegetable ga||rden might be good or bad, b||ut that‟s not what‟s impo||rtant. 19 ---how being in thos||e gardens made us feel. If you‟d like to bui||ld a powerful bond with your ||garden, start by taking some t||ime to recall the garden||s of your youth. 20 ,then go outside and work out a plan to tra||nslate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
||A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It‟s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It‟s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G
18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草,有些||人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人||只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致,也是人们对于园艺的观点。||
19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”||可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么||。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。
20||.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园,要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园,||并把这些花园的优点写下来,然后制定计划并把自||己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G项与上下文一致||。
(二)北京卷
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we deci||de that a little unn||ecessary danger is wor||th it because when we weigh th||e risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taskin||g. 71 Some of us enjoy ac||tivities that would surprise and scare t||he rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our bra||ins work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping ||out of airplanes then? ||Well, even 200,000 yea||rs ago, too much risk-taki||ng could get one Kille||d. A few daring survived, th||ough, along with a few stay||-in-the-cave types. As a re||sult, humans developed a range of charac||ter types that still exists to||day. So maybe you love car racing, or ||maybe you hate it. 73 ||
No matter where you are on the ris||k-seeking range, scientists say that yo||ur willingness to take risks i||ncreases during your teen||age years. 74 T||o help you do that, your brain inc||reases your hunger for new e||xperiences. New expe||riences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises y||our tolerance for risk as we||ll.
Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the r||isk-seekers a part of the brain rel||ated to pleasure becom||es active, while for the rest of us, ||a part of the brain relat||ed to fear becomes active.
As exper||ts continue to study the sc||ience of risk-seeking, we’ll con||tinue to hit the mountains, the waves ||or the shallow end of the pool.||
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案与解析】
本次七选五依||然为常考的说明文,讲解了目前人类对于“追求冒险”的研究,“风险追求”与人脑关||系以及“追求冒险”对人类的影响。文章结构清||晰,整体难度适中,解题线索明显,考生应谨慎应对干扰项。
||71.【答案】F
【解析】本题前一句讲到了“weigh the risk and reward||”,衡量“风险与回报”,与选项 F“we are not using the same reference standard to weigh ris||ks and rewards ”我们使用不同的参考标||准衡量“风险与回报”相互呼应,所以答案选F。
72.【答案】C
【||解析】本题前一句提到早期人类三种生存技能“hunting, figh||ting, exploring”与选项 C 擅长这些意味着更大||的生存机会相呼应,“those things” 指代上文的三项技能,所||以答案选 C。
73.【答案】A
【解析】本题前两句提到人类所发展形成的不||同性格今天依然存在,以及前一句“你”有可能喜欢赛车,有可能不喜欢||,这与选项 C“这都取决于你的性格”相呼应,所以答案选 A。
74.【答案】E
【解析】本题前一句提到了冒险的意愿在青春期增长,与选项 E“这是||一个你离开家进入更广阔的世界的时期,”相呼应,所以答案选 E。
75.【答案】G
【解析】本题后一句“对于冒险,追求冒||险的脑中与快乐相关的部分变得活跃,不喜欢||冒险的人的大脑与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃”,与选项 G“我们的大脑以不||同方式工作”相呼应,所以答案选 G
(三)四川卷
Both men ||and women are living longe||r these days in industrialize||d countries. 16 In general, t||hey can expect to live six or seven years more than me||n. One reason for this is b||iological.
One important biolog||ical factor that helps wom||en live longer is th||e difference in hormones between men a||nd women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce ho||rmones that are involved in fertility(||生育能力). These hormones also ha||ve a positive effect on the heart and b||lood flow. In fact, women ar||e less likely to have high blood ||pressure or to die from h||eart attacks.
18 ||They help the body defend itself|| against some kinds ||of infections. This means that wom||en generally get sick less ofte||n and less seriously|| than men. The common cold is a good ||example: women, on aver||age, get fewer colds than men.
19 || Scientists are still not exa||ctly sure how genesinfluence a||ging, but they believe t||hat they do. Some think tha||t a womans body cells have a tendenc||y(向) to age more slowly than a man’||s. Others think that a ma||n’s body cells have a ten||dency to age more quickl||y. 20
A.However, women, on average, live longer.
B .The biological factor plays an important part.
C. Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
【答案与解析】
试题分析:女性比男性寿命长的原因。
16. A 据空格下一句说;一般说,女性比男性多活6-7年可知。
17. G 根据空格上句:男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性||寿命更长。可知此空的意思是:荷尔蒙是身体生||产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选G。
18||. D 根据下句:它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空||的意思是:女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。||
19. C 根据下句:科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄||,但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。可知上句:女性基因也在帮助女性。
20. ||E 根据空格前两句:一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢||的倾向,另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项||符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。