巴西教育向世界学习

巴西教育

Studying the world

向全世界学习

A huge scholarship programme could boost economic growth

宏大的奖学金项目可以促进经济的增长

SELLING her country’s technological prowess and booming IT market was the main order of business for Dilma Rousseff at a big trade fair in Hanover on March 5th. But Brazil’s president made sure to pose for photographs with young compatriots who last month began to study at German universities under her government’s new scholarship programme, Science Without Borders.

3月5日在德国汉诺威大型展览会上，对于迪尔玛?罗塞夫来说，她把订购业务的重心都放在兜售本国的先进技术和促进IT行业发展上。巴西新推出了一个名为“科学无国界”的奖学金项目，上月已经有爱国青年来到德国的大学学习。值此展会之际，这位巴西总统执意要与这些留学生拍照留念。

By the end of 2015 more than 100,000 Brazilians—half of them undergraduates, half doctoral students—will have spent a year or so abroad at the best universities around the world studying subjects such as biotechnology, ocean science and petroleum engineering which the government regards as essential for the nation’s future. That will cost 3 billion reais ($1.65 billion), a quarter of which will come from businesses and the rest from the Brazilian taxpayer.

截至到2015年底，巴西将有十万多人（一半是本科生，一半是博士生）在世界顶尖大学学习一年左右。他们学习的科目有生物科技，海洋科学，石油工程等，这些都是认为对未来发展至关重要的课程。这个奖学金项目将耗费30亿雷亚尔（合16.5亿美元），其中四分之一由商业界支付，另外四分之三来自纳税人的腰包。

Science Without Borders is Brazil’s boldest attempt to move up an economic gear. The country’s trend rate of growth, at 4-4.5%, is slightly below the Latin American average and far slower than in the other BRIC countries. Officials hope that improving the quality of the workforce could make a big difference, though it will take time to have an effect.

“科学无国界”是巴西试图改变经济颓势的一次大胆尝试。它的经济增长速度一直在4%到4.5%之间徘徊，这个数字稍落后于拉美国家平均速度，但是远远落后于其他几个金砖国家。尽管效果显现尚需时日，们希望通过提升劳动力的素质来极大的改变现状，尽管效果显现尚需时日，

Bosses complain about the difficulty of finding well-qualified staff. Unemployment is at a record low. Brazilians with degrees earn 3.6 times as much as high-school graduates, a multiple unmatched anywhere in the OECD, a group of mainly rich countries. Staff trained in science and related subjects are particularly scarce. IPEA, a think-tank with links to the government, says that too

many of the 30,000 engineers Brazil produces each year come from mediocre institutions—and that, anyway, the country needs twice that number. Officials hope that students returning with fresh ideas picked up abroad will raise standards in their home universities too.

老板们抱怨找不到合格的雇员。失业率又创新低。有学位的人工资是高中毕业生的3.6倍。这个差距在经济与合作发展组织（主要由富裕的国家组成）成员国里绝对是无出其右。接受科技和其它相关培训的雇员更是屈指可数。巴西应用经济研究所（与相关的一个智囊团）声称，巴西每年产出的3万工程师中，有很多都来自平淡无奇的研究机构。们希望留学生能够带着在西方接受的新思想回到祖国，并进而提升国内大学的水平。

Foreign universities and governments are leaping at the chance of teaching Brazilian students. The United States has already signed up to take 20,000; Britain, France, Germany and Italy will take 6,000-10,000 each. Laggards are scrambling to attract the rest. The Brazilians will pay full fees. And host countries spy the longer-term return of building mutually profitable contacts, in business as well as education.

国外的大学都迫不及待要教授巴西的学生。美国已经表示要收2万，其他的如英国，法国，德国和意大利每个国家都要收6千到一万个学生。教育水平稍次的国家也在竭尽全力吸引剩余的生源。巴西将会付全额学费。东道国也已察觉签订互利合同所带来的在商业和教育上的长期回报。

“The scale and speed of this programme are unprecedented,” says Allan Goodman of the Institute of International Education, a non-profit group that is managing the programme for American universities. It is organising three-month industry placements for all its Brazilian visitors. Edinburgh University expects its first Brazilian scholarship students in September. It already has links with Petrobras, Brazil’s state-controlled oil company, and is opening a S?o Paulo liaison office, its third after Beijing and Mumbai, to take advantage of what it hopes will be a growing body of alumni.

国际教育学院是一家负责赴美留学的非盈利组织，该组织的Allan Goodman说，“这个项目的规模和速度绝对是史无前例的”。它为所有的巴西留学生开展了三个月的酒店实习。爱丁堡大学将在9月份迎来自己的第一个获巴西奖学金的学生。该大学已经与巴西国有石油公司—巴西石油取得联系，同意将在圣保罗建立联络处。这是继北京和孟买之后的第三个联络处，旨在达到它希望扩大校友范围的目的。

Until now, few Brazilians have studied abroad. The United States is the most popular destination—yet last year there were only about 9,000 Brazilians on its campuses (excluding language students). The Chinese and Indian

contingents together came to 260,000. Those Brazilians who have foreign degrees have had a disproportionate influence back home. In the 1960s and 1970s the government paid for PhDs abroad in oil exploration, agricultural research and aircraft design. Brazil is now a world leader in all three fields.

直到现在，很少有巴西人出国留学。美国是巴西人最向往的地方，不过去年只有大约9000人去了美国的大学（不包括学语言的学生）。中国和日本的在美留学生加起来有26万人。这些持有外国学位的人回国后受到非同一般的礼遇。20世纪六七十年代，为在国外学习石油开采、农业研究和飞机设计的博士买单。巴西现在在这三个领域位居世界前列