
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic cure approaches, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. By definition, TCM is a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes herbal medicine, acupuncture, Tuina, Qigong and dietary therapy.
【翻译词汇】
中医 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
不可分割的 integral
华夏 China
诊断手法 diagnostic method
系统的 systematic
治疗方式 cure approach
丰富的 abundant
国家中医药管理局 State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology
由…负责 under the adminstration of
管理 govern
新兴产业 promising industry
在定义上 by definition
中草药 herbal medicine
针灸 acupuncture
推拿 Tuina
气功 Qigong
食疗 dietary therapy
每年农历的正月十五日,迎来的是中国的传统节日——元宵节。元宵节主要的活动就是看灯。汉朝时期,佛教盛行。明帝听说佛教有正月十五日僧人观佛舍利点灯 敬佛的做法,就命令这一天夜晚在皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛。以后这种佛教礼仪逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。各式各样美丽的花灯在这一天都会被悬挂,从而吸引了无数 游客。猜灯谜也是元宵节的一项重要活动,花灯的主人会将谜面写在纸上,然后贴在灯笼上,将灯笼挂在门口。如果有人可以猜中,就能得到小小的礼物。
【精彩译文】
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. Watching lanterns is this day’s important activity. Throughout the Han Dynasty, Buddhism flourished in China. Emperor Ming heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. Therefore, he commanded to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Buddha on this day. Later, the Buddhist ritual developed into a grand festival among common people. Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors. "Guessing lantern riddles" is an essential part of the Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on pieces of paper and paste them on the lanterns. If visitors have got solutions to the riddles, they will obtain a little gift.
【翻译词汇】
看灯 watching lanterns
汉朝 the Han Dynasty
佛教 Buddhism
明帝 Emperor Ming
敬佛 worship Buddha
皇宫 imperial palace
礼仪 ritual
盛大的 grand
无数的 countless
猜灯谜 Guessing lantern riddles
贴 paste
近十年来出现了一个值得深思的现象,人们越来越关注中国的传统文化,书架上摆满了诠释中国古老智慧、讲述中华灿烂历史和传奇人物的书籍。有些人甚至建 议,将国学典籍列为学校必修课程。人们兴趣高涨的原因主要有两方面。首先,那些百年甚至千年未决的历史悬案勾起了人们极大的好奇心。再者,人们逐渐意识 到,古老的中华文化是一座取之不尽的金矿,从中可以发掘很多经验教训以应用到实践中来解决现在的问题。
The last decade has witnessed an intriguing phenomenon that people are paying more and more attention to traditional Chinese culture. Their bookshelves are packed with books interpreting ancient Chinese wisdom, depicting its brilliant history and fascinating historic figures. What’s more, suggestions that Chinese classics be made a compulsory course have been made. Two factors may account for people’s up-surging interest. To begin with, tremendous curiosity is aroused by those pending history mysteries of hundreds or even thousands of years. Furthermore, people come to realise that ancient Chinese culture serves as a gold mine from which inexhaustible lessons can be learned and put into practice to solve the current problems.
【翻译词汇】
值得深思的 intriguing
摆满 be packed with
诠释 interpret
讲述 depict
灿烂历史 brilliant history
传奇人物 fascinating historic figure
国学典籍 Chinese classics
必修课程 compulsory course
历史悬案 pending history mystery
再者 furthermore
金矿 gold mine
将…应用到实践中 put...into practice
赵州桥坐落在洨河上,距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的,是用石头建造 的,长50.82米,宽10米,还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞,高7.23米,跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是 一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥,两边有两个小拱,这是中国最早的拱桥之一,在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位,让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。
Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, it’s made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.
【翻译词汇】
赵州桥 Zhaozhou Bridge
洨河 Jiao River
建造 construct
匠师 mason
不可思议的 unusual
弧形桥洞 arch
跨度 span
栏杆 railing
柱子 column
龙凤 dragon and phoenix
空腹式的 open-spandrel
占有 occupy
泰山称东岳,以“五岳独尊”的盛名享誉古今。按照“五行学说”,东方属木,主生发,有生命之源、万物之本的含义。这就是古代帝王通常在自己登基或晚年时到 泰山封禅祭拜的原因。泰山拔地通天,气势磅礴,汉语又有“稳如泰山”、“重于泰山”之说。1987年,联合国教科文组织将泰山列为世界自然与文化遗产。
Mount Tai, called “East Yue”, has a great reputation for the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains. According to the theory of five elements, the East belongs to mu, which means liveliness. Therefore, the East is a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures. This explains why important emperors made pilgrimages mostly to Mount Tai when they were crowned or in their later years. It is a symbol of loftiness and might, hence, there are the Chinese idioms: “as firm as Mount Tai” and “as weighty as Mount Tai”. Mount Tai was proclaimed world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.
【翻译词汇】
泰山 Mount Tai
东岳 East Yue
五岳独尊 the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains
享誉 have a great reputation
五行学说 the theory of five elements
生发 liveliness
生命之源、万物之本 a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures
登基 be crowned
封禅祭拜 make pilgrimages to
稳如泰山 as firm as Mount Tai
重于泰山 as weighty as Mount Tai
宣布 proclaim
长江是中国最长的河流,也是世界第三长河,仅次于非洲的尼罗河和拉丁美洲的亚马逊河。长江总长度约为6 300米,发源于青海省,向东流入东海。长江流域是中国重要的农作物产区,粮、棉产量分别占全国总量的40%和30%。长江三峡大坝是世界上最大的水利枢 纽工程之一,为通航、发电和运输带来了很大的便利。
The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. The river is about 6 300 km long and flows from its source in Qinghai Province, eastward into the East China Sea. The Yangtze River valley has always been an important agricultural base in China. Grain and cotton outputs make up 40 percent and 30 percent of China’s total respectively. As one of the largest water control project in the world, the Three Gorge Dam benefits for navigation, generating electricity and transportation.
【翻译词汇】
长江 the Yangtze River/Chang Jiang
尼罗河 the Nile
亚马逊河 the Amazon
向东 eastward
东海 East China Sea
长江流域 the Yangtze River valley
农作物产区 agricultural base
产量 output
分别 respectively
长江三峡大坝 the Three Gorge Dam
水利枢纽工程 water control project
为…带来便利 benefit
通航 navigation
发电 generate electricity
随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度,中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代,中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此,那些追求物质生活的人 们只要有购买力,就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示,中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一,且位居世界第二,仅次于日本。然而,从消费观 念方面来讲,很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段,这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段,或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。
As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.
翻译词汇】
大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption
追求物质生活 pursue material life
购买力 purchasing power
因此 therefore
奢侈品 luxury
占 account for
市场份额 market share
从…来讲 in regard to
炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption
炫耀 show off
与…相关 be associated with
社会关系 social tie
从某种意义上说,汉语是一种很古老的语言,其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式,例如篆书、隶书、楷书 和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果,例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术,随着各位学习兴趣的提高,我们将适时介绍 中国书法的流派,以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性
In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.
从某种意义上说 in a sense
汉字 Chinese character
演化 evolve
书写形式 script form
篆书 Seal script
隶书 Clerical script
楷书 Regular script
行书 Running script
书法家 calligrapher
致使 render
取得 yield
旅游胜地 tourist resort
石刻碑文 stone inscription
适时 in due time
欣赏 appreciate
在某些情况下礼貌原则不太适用。比如,当说话者与听话者进行互动时,交换信息对双方同等重要。他们之间的交谈将是直接的,此时礼貌原则就要退居二线
参考翻译:
There are some situations where politeness can take a back seat. For example, when the speaker and the hearer are engaged in a collaborative activity and the exchange of. information is equally important to both of them, politeness would be given less consideration and the language they use tends to be direct and straightforward.
九寨沟的山水风光,纵有万丽千奇,一旦离开原始的自然美,就一切都没有了。”他们的见解是精辟的。当你步入沟中,便可见树正群海荡漾生辉,瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋,满山枫叶绛红。盛夏,湖山幽翠。仲春,树绿花艳…四时都呈现出它的天然原始,宁静幽深。
【参考翻译】
All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature. If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lakelands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills. Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.
《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿!这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按 图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝 山,一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂,他们来读《红楼梦》,会各就自己的特点,欣赏该书中的某一个方面,受到鼓舞,受到启发,引起了喜爱;也可能受到打击, 引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。
【参考翻译】
Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages. Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none. All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth. And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background. They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality. They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it. In short, the reactions vary.
几千年的中国文化充实着,同时,过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着。最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使扩大它的全球影 响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家,给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。需要维持稳定健康的经 济发展,科学管理社会,以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。
【翻译词汇】
the Chinese dream
改革开放 reform and opening-up
激励 inspire
包容性 inclusiveness
双赢合作 win-win cooperation
扩大 expand
民族复兴 national rejuvenation
强大(的) powerful
繁荣的 prosperous
需要 entail
稳定健康的 steady and healthy
应对 respond to
外部发展 external development
风险 risk
挑战 challenge
【精彩译文】
The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by the past three decades of reform and opening-up. The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inclusiveness and win-win cooperation. These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations. The Chinese dream is the dream of national rejuvenation. It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people. It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the risks and challenges of external development.
科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界,它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。
科学有许多特性,要了解科学是什么,就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法—科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用
【参考译文】
Science is related to all the existing things and thecharacteristics and process of the phenomenahappening in nature.Science contains the wholenature,which develpos various penetrating viewsabout human being's conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe.
Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge.
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难;但是,大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真,看他对待劳 动、工作等等的态度如何,也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人,都很严肃地对待自己的生命,当他活着一天,总要尽量多劳动、 多工作、多学习、不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
【精彩译文】
Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of one's life?It's certainly difficult to offer a definite standard.But generally speaking,we can tell it by judging his attitude towards life and work,making clear whether he is serious about his life.
Throughout the history,the outstanding people were all very serious about their lives.They made best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible,never wasting their time.None of the working people and the great statesmen and their thinkers were of exception.
六级翻译真题高频及关键词<共33词,含重复出现单词>
1.theory [.θi.ri]n.理论,原理;学说;意见,看法
2.supposed [s..p.uzd]a.想象的;假定的
3.promote [pr..m.ut]vt.促进,增进,发扬;提升;宣传,推销
4.abandon [..b.nd.n]vt.离弃,丢弃;遗弃,抛弃;放弃
5.comparison [k.m.p.ris.n]n.比较,对照;比拟,比喻
6.instinctively [in.sti.ktivli]ad.本能地
7.passionate [.p...nit]a.多情的;充满激情的;热切的,强烈的
8.creative [kri:.eitiv]a.创造(性)的,有创造力的
9.appetitive adj. 食欲的, 有食欲的; 促进食欲的
10.confront [k.n.fr.nt]vt.遭遇;勇敢地面对,正视;使对质
11.secure [si.kju.]a.安全的;牢固的 vt.得到;保卫;缚牢
12.combination [.k.mbi.nei..n]n.结合(体),联合(体),化合
13.application [..pli.kei.(.)n]n.申请(表,书);应用;敷用
14.demonstrate [.dem.nstreit]vt.论证;说明;显示 vi.示威(或集会)
15.confess [k.n.fes]v.坦白,供认;承认
16.neglect [ni.glekt]vt.忽视,忽略;疏忽,玩忽 n.疏忽,玩忽
17.addicted [..diktid]沉迷的
18.quarrel [.kw.r.l]n.争吵;失和的原因 vi.争吵;反对,挑剔
19.indulge [in.d.ld.]vt.沉溺(于);纵容,迁就,肆意从事
20.suspension [s..spen..n]n.暂停;暂时剥夺;悬架;悬浮液;悬挂
21.interfere [.int..fi.]vi.(with,in)干涉,介入;妨碍,干扰
22.reunite [r..ju.'na.t]v. 使再结合; 使重聚; 使再联合; 再结合; 重聚; 再联合
23.candidate [.k.ndideit]n.申请求职者;投考者;候选人
24.via [.vai.]prep.经由,经过,通过
25.terrorist [.ter.rist]n.
26.frontier [.fr.nti.]n.边境;[the~]边缘,边远地区[ pl.]前沿
27.deprive [di.praiv]vt.(of)剥夺,使丧失
28.regret [ri.gret]n.懊悔,遗憾,抱歉
29.breach [bri:t.]n.破坏;不和;缺口 vt.攻破;破坏
30.considerable [k.n.sid.r.b.l]a.相当大(或多)的
31.resist [ri.zist]v.抵(反)抗,抵制;抗,耐;拒受…的影响
32.impulsive [im.p.lsiv]a.推进的;冲动的
33.prosperity [pr..speriti]n.兴旺,繁荣
六级短对话、长对话、短文听力及复合式听写<共181词,含重复出现单词>
List 1
1.pursue [p..sju:]vt.继续,从事;追赶,追踪;追求
2.embarrassed [im.b.r.st]adj. 困窘的, 局促不安的, 不好意思的
3.catalogue ['k.t.l.g]n. 目录, 总目v. 编入目录
4.department [di.pɑ:tm.nt]n.部,部门,系
5.oppose [..p.uz]vt.反对,反抗
6.propose [pr..p.uz]v.提议;提名,推荐;打算,计划;求婚
7.repress [ri.pres]v.抑制,
8.witness [.witnis]n.目击者;证据(言) vt.目击;作证
9.enclose [in.kl.uz]vt.围住,包住;把…装入信封,附入
10.component [k.m.p.un.nt]n.(组)成(部)分,部件 a.组成的,构成的
11.viewpoint [.vju:p.int]n.观点
12.argument [.ɑ:gju:m.nt]n.争论(吵),辩论;理由;论证
13.disagreement [.dis..gri:m.nt]n.不一致;争论
14.respondent [ri.sp.nd.nt]n.被告
15.resident [.rezid.nt]n.居民;住院医生 a.居住的;住校(院)的
16.immigrant [.imigr.nt]n.移民,侨民
17.microscopic [.maikr..sk.pik]a.极小的,显微镜的
18.behavioral (Amer.) [b.`he.vj.r.l]adj. 行为的
19.moral [.m.r.l]a.道德的,有道德的 n.[ pl.]道德;寓意
20.doctoral ['d.kt.r.l] adj.博士的
21.offense [..fens]n.犯规,违法行为;冒犯,得罪
22.significantly [sig'nif.k.ntli] adv.意味深长地, 意义深远地, 重要地, 较大地
23.consistently [k.n.sist.ntli]ad.一致地;始终如一地
24.immense [i.mens]a.广大的,巨大的
25.apparently [..p.r.ntli]ad.显然,表面上地
26.suspense [s..spens]n.悬念,悬而未决,不确定
27.instantly [.inst.ntli]ad.立即,立刻
28.constantly [.k.nst.ntli]ad.经常地;不断地
29.evidently [.evid.ntli]ad.明显地,显然
30.defense [di.fens]n.防御,保卫;[ pl.]防御工事;辩护
31.undertake [..nd..teik]vt.承担,着手做;同意,答应,保证
32.insane [in.sein]a.蠢极的,荒唐的;精神失常的,疯狂的
33.identify [ai.dentifai]vt.认出,鉴定;把…等同于 vi.认同
34.issue [.i.u:, .isju:]n./ v.问题;分发,流出;颁布,发行,出版
35.paralyze [.p.r.laiz]vt.使瘫痪;使丧失作用;使呆若木鸡
36.observe [.b.z.:v]vt.注意到;观察;评论;遵守,奉行
37.asset [..set]n.有价值的人(或物),优点[ pl.]财产
38.linger [.li.g.]vi.逗留,留恋徘徊;继续存留,缓慢消失
39.furious [.fju.ri.s]a.狂怒的,暴怒的;强烈的,激烈的
40.census [.sens.s]n.人口普查,统计
. 六级快速阅读、简单题及传统精读 <共356词,含重复出现单词>
List 1
1.Urge[.rd. /..d.]n. 冲动, 迫切的要求, 推动力v. 催促, 力劝; 强烈要求
2.impose [im.p.uz]vt.(on)强加于;征(税等),处以(罚款等)
3.dismiss [dis.mis]vt.不再考虑;解雇,开除;解散;驳回
4.embarrass [im.b.r.s]vt.使窘,使尴尬,使不好意思
5.echo [.ek.u]n.回音,共鸣 vi.发出回声 vt.模仿,附和
6.assess [..ses]vt.对…进行估价;评价,评论
7.suppress [s..pres]vt.压制,;查禁;抑制;阻止
8.suppressant [s.'presnt]n. 抑制剂, 抑爆剂, 灭火剂
9.nutrient [.nju:tri.nt]n.营养品,滋养物 a.营养的,滋养的
10.grant [grɑ:nt] v.授予, 同意, 承认, 认为 n.授予物,补助金,同意,给予,财产转让11.deploy [di.pl.i]vt.部署,调动
12. philanthropic [.fil.n'θr.pik] adj.博爱的, 慈善的
13.spot [sp.t]n.地点;斑点,污点;少量 vt.认出;玷污
14.ballot [.b.l.t]n.投票;投票总数;选票 v.投票表决
15.immense [i.mens]a.广大的,巨大的
16.predominantly [pri'd.min.ntli] adv.主要地, 占优势地, 压倒性地
17.dispense [dis.pens]vt.分配,分发;配(药),发(药);实施
18.overtake [..uv..teik]vt.追上,超过;突然降临于,意外地碰上
19.convene [k.n.vi:n]vi.开会,集合 vt.召集
20.patent [.peit.nt, .p.-]n.专利(权) a.专利(权)的 vt.得到专利
21.genuine [.d.enjuin]a.真的,非人造的;真诚的,真心的
22.underlying [..nd..laii.]a.含蓄的,潜在的
23.modify [.m.difai]vt.修改,更改;(语法上)修饰
24.compatriot [k.m'p.tri.t] n.同国人, 同胞, 同事adj.同国的
25.sociology [.s.usi..l.d.i]n.社会学
26.subtle [.s.tl]a.微妙的;诡秘的,狡诈的;隐约的
27.incur [in.k.:]vt.招致,遭受,引起
28.luxurious [l.g.zju.ri.s]a.奢侈的
29.enormous [i.n.:m.s]a.巨大的,极大的,庞大的
30.cautious [.k.:..s]a.十分小心的,谨慎的
31.contemptuous [k.n.temptju.s]a.轻视的,轻蔑的
32.notorious [n.u.t.:ri.s]a.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的
33.tedious [.ti:di.s]a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的
34.insidious [in'sidi.s] adj. 隐伏的, 暗中为害的, 阴险的, (疾病)不知不觉恶化
35.dubious [.dju:bi.s]a.怀疑的,无把握的;有问题的,靠不住
35.simultaneous [.sim.l.teini.s, .sai-]a.同时发生的,同时存在的,同步的36.reciprocal [ri.sipr.k.l]a.相互的,互惠的
37.instinctively [in.sti.ktivli]ad.本能地
38.distinctive [di.sti.ktiv]a.有区别的;有特色的
39.successively [s.k'sesivli] adv. 一个接一个地;接连地,连续地
40.aggressively [.'gresivli] adv. 侵略地, 攻击地, 有干劲地,主动地
List 2
1.extravagant [ik.str.v.g.nt]a.奢侈的,铺张的;过度的,过分的,放肆
2.arrogant [..r.g.nt]a.傲慢的,自大的
3.jeopardize [.d.ep.daiz]vt.危及,损害
4.retreat [ri.tri:t]vi./ n.退却,撤退;规避;隐退(处)
5.revolutionary [.rev..lu:..n.ri]a.的,革新的 n.者
6.evolutionary [.i:v.'lu:.n.ri] adj. 进化的, 发展的, 演变的
7.missionary [.mi..n.ri]n.传教士
8.assault [..s.:lt]vt.(武力或口头上的)攻击,袭击
9.delicacy [.delik.si]n.精美;娇弱,微妙
10.regenerate [ri.d.en.reit]a.改过自新的,新生的
11.celebrate [.selibreit]vt.庆祝;颂扬,赞美 vi.庆祝,过节
12.rejuvenate [ri'd.u:vineit] v. 使 ... 年轻, 使 ... 恢复精神, 变年轻
13.integrate [.intigreit]v.(into,with)(使)成为一体,(使)合并
14.wander [.w.nd., .wɑ:n:d.r]vi.漫游,闲逛,漫步;偏离正道;走神
15.commenter n. 批评家
16.encounter [in.kaunt.]vt./ n.遇到,遭遇,遭到
17.seminar [.seminɑ:]n.(大学的)研究班,研讨会
18.incentive [in.sentiv]n.刺激,鼓励
19.disruptive [dis.r.ptiv]a.破坏性的;制造混乱的;捣乱的
20.prospective [pr..spektiv]a.预期的,未来的,可能的
21.discontented [.disk.n.tentid]a.不满足的,不满意的
22.convert [k.n.v.:t, .k.nv.:t]v.(使)转变(化);(使)改变信仰等
23.implement [.implim.nt]vt.使生效,履行,实施 n.工(器,用)具
24.transplant [tr.ns.plɑ:nt, -pl.nt]vt.移栽;移植;使迁移 n.(器官)移植
25.disorient [dis'.:ri.ent] vt. 使 ... 失去方向感, 使 ... 迷惑
26.haunt [h.:nt]vt.常出没于;使苦恼;萦绕 n.常去的地方
27.unprecedented [.n'presid.ntid] adj.空前的, 前所未有的
28.prototype ['pr.ut.taip] n.原型, 范例, 雏形
29.artificial [.ɑ:ti.fi..l]a.人工(造,为)的;假的,模拟的
30.fascinatingly [.f.sineiti.li]ad.迷人地
31.exceedingly [ik.si:di.li]ad.非常,极其
32.profitability [.pr.fit.'bil.ti] n. 收益性, 盈利能力
33.intriguingly [in'tri:gi.li]adv. 有趣地, 有魅力地
34.validity [v.'liditi] n.合法性, 有效性, 正确性
35.disproportionate [.dispr.'p.:..nit] adj.不成比例的, 不相称的, 不均衡的
36.enhance [in.hɑ:ns]vt.提高,增加,加强
37.reimburse [.ri:im.b.:s]vt.偿还
38.reinforce [.ri:in.f.:s]vt.增强,加强,增援
39.contradictory [.k.ntr.'dikt.ri] adj. 矛盾的 n. 矛盾
40.acquisition [..kwi.zi..n]n.取得,获得,习得;获得物
1.perspiration [.p.:sp..rei..n]n.出汗
2.maturation [.m.tju'rei..n] n.化脓, 成熟
3.lamentation [.l.men.tei..n]n.悲痛,哀悼,痛哭
4.humiliation [hju:.mili.ei..n]n.羞辱,屈辱
5.assimilation [.'simi'lei..n] n. 同化, 同化作用, 消化
6.petition [pi.ti..n]n.书,申请书,诉状 v.,正式请求
7.contamination [k.n.t.mi'nei..n] n.污染, 污染物
8.fragmentation [.fr.gm.n'tei..n] n. , 破碎
9.obligation [..bli.gei..n]n.义务,责任
10.coalition [.k.u..li..n]n.结合体,同盟;结合,联合
11.perception [p..sep..n]n.感知(能力),觉察(力);观念,看法
12.conviction [k.n.vik..n]n.确信,坚定的信仰;说服,信服;定罪
13.allegation [..li'gei..n] n.断言, 主张, 辩解, 指控
14.duration [dju..rei..n]n.持续,持续期间
15.violation [.vai..lei..n]n.破坏;冒犯;侵害
16.compensation [.k.mpen.sei..n]n.补偿(或赔偿)的款物;补偿,赔偿
17.exploitation [.ekspl.i'tei..n] n.开发, 开采, 剥削
18.legislation [.led.is.lei..n]n.法律(规);立法,法律的制定(或通过)
19.innovation [.in..vei..n]n.新方法,新事物;革新,创新
20.variation [.ve.ri.ei..n]n.变化,变动;变体,变种;变奏(曲)
21.recall [ri.k.(:)l]v.回忆起;召回;收回,撤消
22.hostile [.h.stail]a.敌对的,敌意的,不友善的;敌方的
23.exotic [eg.z.tik]a.奇异的,外(国)来的,异国情调的
24.predestine [pri.destin]v.注定
25.diagnostic [.dai.g.n.stik]诊断的;特征的
26.disapproval [.dis..pru:v.l]n.不赞成;非难
27.geopolitics [.d.i:.u'p.litiks] n. 地缘政治学, 生存空间说
28.intellectually [inti'lekt.ju.li] adv. 理智地, 与智力(或思维)有关地
29.substantially [s.b.st.n..li]ad.大体上;本质上
30.paradoxically [.p.r.'d.ksik.li] adv.自相矛盾地, 反常地, 似是而非的
31.prevalence ['prev.l.ns] n. 传播, 流行, 普及
32.marginally ['mɑ:d.in.li] adv.轻微地, 少量地, 在边上
33.ironically [ai.r.nik.li]ad.具有讽刺意味地;嘲讽地,挖苦地
34.alliance [..lai.ns]n.结盟,联盟
35.disobedience [.dis.'bi:di.ns] n.不服从
36.vengeance [.vend..ns]n.报复,报仇,复仇
37.optimally ['.pt.m.li] adv. 最佳地
38.prominence ['pr.min.ns] n.突出物, 突出, 声望
39.cynically ['sinikli] adv. 爱嘲笑地, 冷笑地, 愤世嫉俗地
40.layoff ['lei.:f] n. 临时解雇, 操作停止, 活动停止期间
1.profound [pr..faund]a.深度的深远的;见解深刻的;深奥的
2.outline [.autlain]n.提纲;外形,略图 vt.概述;描…外形
3.radiating ['reidieiti.] adj. 辐射状的, 散热的
4.trembling ['trembli.] adj.发抖的, 哆嗦的 n.发抖
5.manipulate [m..nipjuleit]vt.操纵,控制,影响;(熟练地)使用
6.inflating [in'fleiti.] adj. 加压的, 充气的
7.diminishing [di'mini.i.] n. 减小, 削弱
8.transporting ['tr.nsp.:rt] n. 运输
9.creeping ['kri:pi.] adj.爬行的, 缓慢发展的
10.crippling ['kripli.] adj.严重损害身体的, 造成严重后果的
11.discrepancy [dis.krep.nsi]n.不符合(之处),不一致(之处)
12.applaud [..pl.:d]vi.鼓掌,喝彩 vt.向…鼓掌;称赞
13.reconcile [.rek.nsail]vt.使协调;使和解;使顺从(甘心)(于)
14.appealing [..pi:li.]a.吸引人的,打动人心的
15.yielding [.ji:ldi.]a.弯曲自如的,灵活的
16.counseling [.kauns.li.]n.顾问服务
17.enroll [in.r.ul]vi.(in,on)入学,加入 vt.招收,吸收
18.eradicate [i'r.dikeit] vt.根除, 根绝,消灭
19.curb [k.:b]vt.控制,约束 n.控制,约束;路缘
20.pregnancy [.pregn.nsi]n.怀孕,怀孕期
21.hazardous ['h.z.d.s] adj.危险的, 冒险的, 碰运气的
22.restrain [ri.strein]vt.阻止,控制;抑制,遏制
23.fluorescent [flu..res.nt]a.荧光的,发出荧光的
24.magnificent [m.g.nifis.nt]a.壮丽的,宏伟的;华丽的;极好的
25.stem [stem]n.茎,干;词干 vi.(from)起源于 vt.堵住
26.corrupt [k..r.pt]a.堕落的,的 vt.腐蚀,使堕落
27.democracy [di.m.kr.si]n.民主,民主制;民主国家
28.cluster [.kl.st.]n.串,簇;群,组 vi.群集,丛生 vt.集中
29.peculiar [pi.kju:li.r]a.奇怪的;特有的,独具的,独特的
30.catastrophe [k..t.str.fi]n.大灾难,灾祸
31.counteract ['ka.nt.'(r).kt]v. 抵消; 阻碍; 中和
32.outrage [.aut.reid.]n.义愤,愤慨;暴行 vt.激起…的义愤
33.offer [..f.]vt.给予,提供;提议 n.提供,提议;报价
34.heir [e.]n.继承人
35.divert [dai.v.:t]vt.使转向,使改道;转移(注意力);使娱乐
36.perceive [p..si:v]vt.感知,感觉,察觉;意识到,理解
37.consciousness [.k.n..snis]n.意识;觉悟;知觉
38.tactics [.t.ktiks]n.策略;战术
39.genetics [d.i'netiks] n.遗传学
40.logistics [l.u'd.istiks] n.物流, 后勤学, 运筹学
List 5
1.adjust [..d..st]vt.校正,校准,调整;调节 vi.(to)适应
2.inflict [in.flikt]vt.(on)把…强加给,使遭受,使承担
3.congest [k.n.d.est]v.充血,使拥挤
4.boost [bu:st]vt.提高;推动;宣扬 n.增涨;推动,激励
5.property [.pr.p.ti]n.财产,所有物;房产,物业;性质,性能
6.foresee [f.:.si:]vt.预见,预知
7.utility [ju:.tiliti] n.功用,效用[常 pl.]公用事业
8.penalty [.penlti]n.处罚,惩罚,罚金
9.indulge [in.d.ld.]vt.沉溺(于);纵容,迁就,肆意从事
10.malpractice [m.l'pr.ktis] n.失职, 行为不当
11.confrontation [k.nfr.n'te..n]n. 对抗; 对峙; 对证
12.renovation [.ren..ve..n]n.整修,革新
13.appraise [..preiz]vt.评价
14.biased [.bai.st]a.有偏见的
15.outcry [.autkrai]n.公开反对
16.compulsory [k.m.p.ls.ri]a.必须做的,强制性的,(课程)必修的
17.obsession [.b.se..n]n.困扰,无法摆脱的思想(或情感)
18.bonus [.b.un.s]n.奖金,红利;额外给予的东西
19.internal [in.t.:nl]a.内的,内部的;国内的,内政的;内心的
20.condemn [k.n.dem]vt.谴责;判…刑,宣告…有罪
21.embrace [im.breis]vt.拥抱;包括;包围,环绕 n.拥抱,怀抱
22.plunge [pl.nd.]v./ n.(纵身)投入(水);猛冲;猛跌,骤降
23.convincing [k.n.vinsi.]a.有说服力的;有力的
24.shelter [..elt.]n.掩蔽处;住所;保护 vt.庇护 vi.躲避
25.mammal [.m.m.l]n.哺乳动物
26.reveal [ri.vi:l]vt.揭露,泄露;展现,显示
27.credential [kri'den..l] n. 国书, 凭据, 印信vt. 提供证明书adj. 信任的
28.analogous [..n.l.g.s]a.相似的
29.prejudice [.pred..dis]n.偏见,成见 vt.使有偏见;损害
30.ecosystem n. 生态系统
31.hypothesis [hai.p.θisis]n.假说,假设,前提
32.arouse [..rauz]vt.引起,激起,唤起;唤醒
33.optical [..ptik.l]a.光(学)的;眼的,视力的;视觉的
34.identical [ai.dentik.l]a.(to,with)相同(等)的;同一的
35.spectrum [.spektr.m]n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
36.demography [di.m.gr.fi]n.人口统计学
37.domain [d..mein,d.u-]n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围
38.pedestrian [pi.destri.n]n.步行者,行人
39.blunt [bl.nt]a.钝的;直言不讳的 vt.使迟钝;使钝
40.explicit [ik.splisit]a.详述的,明确的;毫不隐瞒的,露骨的
1.ignite [ig.nait]vt.点燃,引发 vi.着火
2.hysteria [hi.sti.ri.]n.歇斯底里症,过度兴奋
3.commute [k..mju:t]vi.乘车上下班 vt.减(刑);折合 n.上下班交通
4.chronicle [.kr.nikl]n.编年史
5.paralysis [p..r.lisis]n.瘫痪,中风
6.derive [di.raiv]vt.取得;追溯起源 vi.(from)起源,衍生
7.thrive [θraiv]vi.兴旺,繁荣
8.flourish [.fl.ri.]vi.茂盛,繁荣,兴旺 vt.挥动(以引起注意)
9.assemble [..semb.l]vi.聚集 vt.集合,召集;装配
10.detach [di.t.t.]vt.(from)拆卸,使分开,使分离
11.impoverish [im.p.v.ri.]v.使成赤贫
12.approach [..pr.ut.]v.靠近 n.接近,临近;途径;方式,方法
13.diversify [dai.v.:sifai]v.(使)不同,(使)变得多样化
14.inevitable [i.nevit.b.l]a.不可避免的,必然(发生)的
15.unavoidable [.n..v.id.bl]a.不可避免的
16.bankruptcy [.b..kr.ptsi]n.破产
17.susceptible [s..sept.b.l]a.易受影响的;过敏的;能经受的
18.formidable [.f.:mid.b.l]a.可怕的;难以克服的,难对付的
19.eligible [.elid..b.l]a.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的
20.unsustainable [..ns.'stein.bl]adj.不能持续的, 无法支撑的,无法维持的21.unfeasible adj. 不能实行的, 难实施的
22.steer [.sti.]vt.驾驶,为…操舵;引导 vi.驾驶
23.peer [pi.]n.同龄人,同地位的人;贵族 vi.仔细看
24.maternity [m.'t.:niti] n.母性, 母亲身份, 产科病房 adj.孕妇的, 母性的25.masculinity [.m.skju'liniti] n.男子气慨
26.furious [.fju.ri.s]a.狂怒的,暴怒的;强烈的,激烈的
27.tremendously [tri.mend.sli]ad.可怕地;极大地
28.integrity [in.tegriti]n.正直,诚实,诚恳;完整,完全,完善
29.dean [di:n]n.教长,主任牧师;学院院长,系主任
30.neuron ['n.rɑn /'nj..r-]n. 神经单位; 神经元
31.collapse [k..l.ps]vi./ n.倒坍,塌下;崩溃,突然失败
32.embark [im.bɑ:k]vi.上船(或飞机等);(on)着手,开始工作
33.interpret [in.t.:prit]vi.口译,翻译 vt.解释,说明,诠释
34.exert [ig.z.:t]vt.用(力),尽(力);运用,发挥,施加
35.shield [.i:ld]n.防护物,护罩,盾 vt.保护,防护
36.soar [s.:]vi.猛增;高飞,升腾;高涨;屹立
37.impair [im.pe.]vt.损害,损伤,削弱
38.pathetic [p..θetik]a.差劲的;可怜的,可悲的
39.sympathetic [s.mp.'θet.k]adj. 有同情心的, 赞成的, 合意的
40.perspective [p..spektiv]n.视角,观点;远景;透视画法,透视图
1.static [.st.tik]a.静的;停滞的 n.静电;[-s]静力学
2synthetic [sin.θetik]a.合成的,人造的;虚假的
3.neutral [.nju:tr.l]a.中立的,不偏不倚的;中性的
4.medieval [.medi.i:v.l]a.中世纪的,中古(时代)的
5.provost ['prɑv.st ,'pr..- /'pr.-]n. 监管者; 院长; 教务长; 教长
6.unconventional ['.nk.n'ven..n.l] adj.非传统的, 不合惯例的, 非常规的
7.philanthropy [fi.l.nθr.pi]n.善心;博爱主义;慈善事业
8.nurture [.n.:t..]vt./ n.养育,培育,滋养
9.shivering ['..v.r..]n. 颤抖; 发抖; 小片adj. 颤抖的; 使颤抖的
10.relieve [ri.li:v]vt.使轻松(宽慰);缓解;调剂;接替
11.sober [.s.ub.]a.有节制的;持重的;素淡的 v.(使)清醒
12.contrive [k.n.traiv]vt.谋划,策划;设法做到;设计,想出
13.conceive [k.n.si:v]vt./ vi.(of)构想出,设想;怀孕
14. proportioned [pr.'p.:..nd] adj. 成比例的, 相称的
15.disillusion [.disi.lu:..n]vt.使不再抱幻想,使理想破灭
16.boast [b.ust]vi.(of,about)自夸 vt.夸口 n.自吹自擂
17.teenager [.ti:neid..]n.(13~19岁的)青少年
18.ambient ['.mbi.nt] adj.周围的, 氛围的 n.环境
19.eloquent [.el.kw.nt]a.雄辩的,口才流利的;明白显示出的
20.resentment [ri.zentm.nt]n.忿恨
21.prerequisite ['pri:'rekwizit] n.先决条件, 前提 adj.作为前提的, 必备的
22.ultimate [..ltimit]a.极端的,最大(高;终)的 n.终极(限)
23.intimate [.intimit]a.亲密的;私人的 vt.暗示,提示 n.至交
24.liberate [.lib.reit]vt.,使获自由;释出,放出
25.anticipate [.n.tisipeit]vt.预期(料),期望;提前使用,先行动
26.meteorite ['mi:ti.r.ait] n.陨石, 流星
27.hinder [.hind., .haind.]vt.阻碍,妨碍
28.attribute [..tribju:t, ..tribju:t]vt.(to)把…归因于 n.属性,特性
29.frustrate [fr..streit]vt.使沮丧,使灰心;挫败,使受挫折
30.originate [..rid.ineit]vi.起源于,来自 vt.创造,创始,开创
31.relegate [.religeit]vt.使降级,使降职
32.segregate [.segrigeit]vt.使隔离,使分开
33.inherit [in.herit]vt.继承
34.alleviate [..li:vieit]vt.减轻,缓解,缓和
35.beneficiary [.beni.fi..ri]n.受惠者,(遗产的)受益人
36.solidarity [.s.li.d.riti]n.团结一致
37.veteran [.vet.r.n]n.老兵;经验丰富的人,老手
38.inferiority [.nf..r.'.r-]n. 劣势, 劣等; 次级; 下等; 自卑情绪, 自卑感
39.allocate [..l.keit]vt.分配,分派,把…拨给
40.bureaucracy [bju.r.kr.si]n.官僚作风;机构,官僚
1.concrete [.k..kri:t]a.实在的,具体的 n.混凝土
2.rotate [r.u.teit]v.(使)旋转,(使)转动;(使)轮流
3.contribute [k.n.tribju:t]vi.捐款,贡献;(to)有助于;投稿 vt.捐献
4.asset [..set]n.有价值的人(或物),优点[ pl.]财产
5.retrofit ['retr.fit] v. (飞机等)式样翻新, 改进 n. 翻新, 改进
6.premium [.pri:mi.m]
n.加付款;赠品; 奖品; 额外补贴, 津贴; 奖金; 酬金a.高级的;售价高的
7.orphan [..:f.n]n.孤儿 vt.使成为孤儿
8.subscription [s.b.skrip..n]n.预订;预约;捐款
9.linger [.li.g.]vi.逗留,留恋徘徊;继续存留,缓慢消失
10.ethical ['eθik.l] adj.伦理的, 道德的, 凭处方出售的
11.trigger [.trig.]n.扳机;引起反应的行动 vt.触发,引起
12.reckon [.rek.n]vt.认为,估计;(on)指望;测算
13.misery [.miz.ri]n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦
14.scandal [.sk.ndl]n.丑事,丑闻;流言蜚语;反感,愤慨
15.sentiment [.sentim.nt]n.意见,观点;感情,情绪
16.subsidy [.s.bsidi]n.津贴,补助金
17.preliminary [pri.limin.ri]a.预备的,初步的 n.[ pl.]初步做法
18.alien [.eili.n]a.外国(人)的;陌生的 n.外国(星)人
19.conservative [k.n.s.:v.tiv]a.保守的,守旧的;传统的 n.保守的人
20.assertive [..s.:tiv]a.言语果断的,断言的
21.insulate [.insjuleit]vt.使绝缘,使隔热,使隔音;隔离,使隔绝
22.precipitate [pri.sipiteit]vt.促成;使沉淀 n.沉淀物 a.突如其来的
23.criterion [krai.ti.ri.n]n.(批评、判断等的)标准,准则
24.criteria [krai'ti.ri.] n.标准, 尺度, 准则 名词criterion的复数形式
25.collaborative [k.'l.b.r.tiv] adj.协作的, 合作的
26.elaborate [i.l.b.r.t, -reit]a.详尽的;复杂的 vi./ vt.详述;详细制订
27.eliminate [i.limineit]vt.排除,消除,根除;淘汰
28.fluctuation [.fl.ktju.ei..n]n.波动,起伏,变动
29.intervention [.int..ven..n]n.介入,干涉,干预
30.supervision [.su:p..vi..n, .sju:-]n.管理;监督
31.adolescent [.d..les.nt]n.青少年 a.青春期的,青少年的
32.bargain [.bɑ:gin]n.特价商品;协议,交易 vi.讨价还价
33.permission [p..mi..n]n.允许,许可,准许
34.concentrated ['k.nsentreitid] adj.全神贯注的, 浓缩的, 密集的
35.indiscriminately adv. 不加区别地; 随意地; 不加选择地; 任意地
36.plausible [.pl.:z.b.l]a.似乎正确的,貌似可信的
37.vulnerable [.v.ln.r.b.l]a.易受伤的,脆弱的;易受攻击的
38.nutrition [nju:.tri..n]n.营养
39.infrastructure [.infr..str.kt..]n.结构,基础设施
40.venture [.vent..]n.风险投资 v.冒险;大胆表示;拿…冒险
List 9
1.perpetual [p..pet.u.l]a.永久的,长期的;无休止的
2.permanent [.p.:m.n.nt]a.永久(性)的,固定的
3.mask [mɑ:sk]n.面具,口罩;伪装 vt.用面具遮住;掩饰
4.radical [.r.dik.l]a.根(基)本的;激进(派)的 n.激进分子
5.panic [.p.nik]n.恐(惊)慌 v.(使)恐慌,(使)惊慌失措
6.consensus [k.n.sens.s]n.(意见等)一致,一致同意
7.faculty [.f.k.lti]n.能力,天赋;系,学科,学院;全体教员
8.plutocrat ['plu.t..kr.t]n. 富豪, 财阀
9.incandescent [ink.n.des(.)nt]a.白热的,热烈的
10.revenue [.revinju:]n.(大宗的)收入(益);税收,岁入
11.spinal [.spainl]a.脊椎骨,脊骨的
12.modesty [.m.disti]n.谨慎;端庄;羞怯
13.appetite [..pitait]n.胃口,食欲;欲望
14.opponent [..p.un.nt]n.敌手,对手;反对者
15.recruitment [ri'kru:tm.nt]n.征募新兵, 补充, 招聘
16.hazard [.h.z.d]n.危险,公害 vt.尝试着做;冒…风险
17.episode [.epis.ud]n.一个事件;(剧本等的)插曲,片断,一集
18.reveal [ri.vi:l]vt.揭露,泄露;展现,显示
19.metabolic [.met.'b.lik] adj. 新陈代谢的
20.mechanism [.mek.niz.m]n.机械装置;机制,机理;办法,途径
21.reliable [ri.lai.bl]a.可靠的,可信赖的
22.equivalent [i.kwiv.l.nt]a.相等的,相当的 n.等价物,意义相同的词
23.widespread [.waidspred]a.分布(或散布)广的,普遍的
24.critical [.kritik.l]a.决定性的,关键性的,危急的;批评(判)的
25.deferential [def..ren.(.)l]a.恭敬的
26.alternative [.:l.t.:n.tiv]a.两者择一的;另类的 n.取舍;选择余地
27.obese [.u.bi:s]a.肥胖的
28.liberal [.lib.r.l]a.心胸宽阔的;自由(主义)的;慷慨的
29.institute [.institju:t]n.学会,研究所,学院 vt.建立,设立
30.tuition [tju:.i..n, tu:-]n.(某一学科的)教学,讲授,指导;学费
31.linguistic [li..gwistik]a.语言的,语言学的
32.obstacle [..bst.kl]n.障碍(物),妨碍
33.consequence [.k.nsikw.ns]n.结果,后果;重要(性),重大
34.physician [fi.zi..n]n.内科医生
35.primary [.praim.ri]a.首要的,主要的,基本的;最初(
