
重要知识点讲解
Section A_Grammar Focus_Section B_综合
Section A
一、介词by的用法
By working with friends.通过和朋友合作。
[点拨]
"by"是介词,意为“通过,靠”;
此处表示方法、手段,后接名词或代词;
接动词时,须用动名词形式。
可用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。
by作为介词的意义有很多;
1)在...旁边,靠近
There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。
2)沿着,经由
to enter by the door 由门进去
3)由于
by mistake 由于差错;错误地
4)被,由
some articles written by Lu Xun 一些由鲁迅写的文章
5)表示相(乘)除(以计算面积)
a room 5m by 4m 一个长五米宽四米的房间
6)逐一;连续
one by one 一个接一个
二、too...to结构
It's too hard to understand the spoken English.口语太难了,不能理解。
[点拨]
“too + 形容词/副词+to+动词原形”意为“太...而不能...”;该句型用于肯定句,但表示否定的意义。
too…to…前面有never,not,only,but等词时,或出现too …not to do的双重否定时,否定词与不定式中的否定意义结合起来构成了肯定意义。
如:It’s never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。
三、so...that结构
1.The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.老师说得如此快,以致于大多数时间我不能理解她说的。
[点拨]
"so+形容词/副词+ that+句子"是固定句式,意为“如此...以致于...”。
若so位于实义动词后,so后面就用副词。
Grammar Focus
一、询问对方如何做某事的句型
-How do you learn English?你是怎么学习英语的?
-I learn by studying with a group.我通过和一个组学习。
[点拨]
"How do you+动词原形+sth?"英语询问对方如何做某事。
该问句的回答:I+动词原形+by+名词短语/动词的现在分词短语.
二、询问对方是否通过某种方式来做某事的句型
-Do you learn English by reading aloud?你是通过大声朗读来学英语的吗?
-Yes,I do.It helps my pronunciation.是的。提高我的发音。
[点拨]
"Do you+do sth+by+动词的现在分词短语?"用于询问对方是否通过某种方式来做某事。该句是一个一般疑问句。因此回答遵循一般疑问句的回答即可。
三、询问对方该如何做某事的句型
-How can I read faster?我怎样阅读地更快呢?
-You can read faster by reading word groups.你可以通过阅读意群使你阅读更快。
[点拨]
"How can I do sth?"用于询问对方该如何做某事。
该问句的回答:You can do sth by doing sth.
Section B
重点短语
be born with the ability to 天生有能力做...
depend on 取决于
have...in common 有...共同点
be intersted in 对...感兴趣
pay attention to 注意
think about 思考
be good at 擅长于
be afraid of 害怕...
make mistake 犯错误
单元综合:
1.how的用法
表示感叹。
How cold it is today
今天好冷啊!
表示问候。如:
How do you do你好!
How are you你(身体)好吗?
表示某种方式、手段或方法。如:
你怎样拼写它?How do you spell it
他昨天是怎样去上学的? How did he go to school yesterday?
表示爱好、程度、看法等。
你觉得这首乐曲如何?How do you like the music?
你的汉语如何? How is your Chinese?
你认为中国怎么样?How do you like China?
问天气。
北京的天气怎么样? How is the weather in Beijing?
问路。
请问去火车站的路怎么走?Excuse me,how can I get to the train station?
问年龄。
How old are you?你多大了?
问数量。
一个队有几名队员? How many players are there in a team?
桌子上有多少面包?How much bread is there on the table?
问价钱。
这件外套多少钱? How much is this coat?
问高度。
这座山有多高? How high is the mountain?
这女孩儿有多高? How tall is the girl?
问距离。
他家离学校有多远? How far away is his home from the school?
征询对方的看法、意见或向对方 提出建议、请求等。
How about Friday?星期五怎么样?
问时间。
去年你缺课多长时间? How long were you away from school last year?
注意:
how long用来提问“多长时间”,对“一 段时间的长短”提问时用,与延续性动词连用;
how often用来提问某动作或状态发生的频率,对“一段时间内发生了几次活动”(always,usually, often, never或twice a day等表示频度的词或短语)提问时用;
how soon用来提问某人要“多快”能做好某事,或某事要“多快”能完成,对“过多少时间(就能……)”(in短语)提问时 用,常用于将来时。
2.make up
1)构成,组成;形成;占:
The committee is made up of six women.
委员会由六位妇女组成。
This made up 15%of their total income.
这是他们总收入的百分之十五。
2)编造,捏造;虚构:
I couldn't remember the fairy story I wanted to tell her, so I made one up as I went along.
我想不起我要给她讲的那个神话故事,于是我一边走一边编了一个。
It's not true. She made it up.
这不是真实的情况,是她编造出来的。
3)和解;言归于好:
She is coming to make up with you.
她是来与你和解的。
He and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day.
他和妻子吵架通常当天就言归于好。
4)赔偿金钱损失;弥补,补偿,补充:
His intelligence made up for his lack of personal charm.
他的智慧弥补了他的容貌缺陷。
5)补考;补上(功课);补修;赶上:
She soon made up the lessons she had missed.
她很快就把缺的课补上了。
6)打扮;化妆;化装;涂脂抹粉:
She made up for the part of an old woman.
她化装扮演一个老妇人。
7)铺床;整理(旅馆、房间等):
We made up our beds immediately after getting up.
我们一起床就把床铺整理好。
3.not at all 根本不,全然不
My brother did not like the cat at all.
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起, at all 则放在句尾
4.get excited 变得兴奋起来
get是系动词,有“逐渐变得”的含义
get + adj
get mad 生气
get clear变得清楚了
get down to 开始(认真)做
get on 相处和谐:是或连续处于和睦的关系之中
get through 结束:到达终点;
5.end up doing sth. 终止做某事, 结束做某事
后面加动名词短语, 相当于 finish doing sth., 表示结束做某事,事情已完成。
When we practice speaking English, we often end up speaking in Chinese.
但要注意与stop doing sth. 的区别:
stop doing sth.指停止做某事,有可能是暂时的,不久还会继续下去。
We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door.
另外,end up with… 以…而告终,后面加名词或动名词。
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
6.Many said they learnt by using English
许多(学生)说他们通过使用英语来学习。
Many在这里是代词,而不是形容词,意为Many students.
We can put away many of these plates . We don’t need this many.
我们可以把许多盘子收起来,用不着这么多。
7.I am frustrated that she spoke too quickly for me to understand/she spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand.
(1)frustrate V打败,挫败
The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.
其形容词形式为frustrated和frustrating并且frustrated是指某人感到沮丧。形容人
I felt frustrated at that time. 那时我觉得很沮丧。
frustrating是指某物某人令人沮丧 形容物
Watching movies to learn English is frustrating because the people speak too quickly.
通过看电影来学英语是让人灰心的,因为剧中人物说话太快了。
(2)too…to… 太……而不能……=so...that +否定
She is too young to go to school.
=She is so young that she cannot go to school.
too…for sb. to…
The box is too heavy for her to carry.这个箱子对于她而言太重。
8.First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class.
首先,对我而言,听懂老师的话并不容易。
1)first of all 首先
同义词组:
at first
to begin with
in the first,
firstly
at the bengining
2)It is (was) …for sb to do sth. 在这个句型中,不定式做真正的主语,it是形式主语。
对Jim而言,完成这个项目太简单了。
It is so easy for Jim to finish this programme.
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.
后来我意识到这并没有影响如果你没有理解每一个单词。
later on 以后;随后(用于衔接)
later adv. 后来;稍后;随后/adj. 更迟的;更后的
相关短语 :
sooner or later 迟早,早晚
for later 供以后用
later years 晚年
see you later 再见;回头见
10.Now I am enjoying learning English and I got an A this term. My teacher is very impressed.
1)enjoy doing 喜欢做…乐于
enjoy oneself=have a good time
2)impress v. 使感动…;给…深刻印象
His hair impressed me deeply.
I was deeply impressed with his hair when we met at first time.
11.I think that (doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner).
secret n.秘密;机密
learner n.学习者
这个句子为一个宾语从句,其中从句中又采用了动名词做主语。
I couldn’t always make complete sentences, either.我也总不能造完整的句子。
complete adj. 完整的;完全的
sentence n. 句子
make a sentence 造句
12.either用法
(1)用作代词时,意为“两者中的任何一个”,在句中可作主语和宾语。either 在句中用作主语时,谓语动词应为单数形式。
Either of the students does well in their studies.
两个学生中,无论是谁学习都不错。
-Do you like the two books?
你喜欢这两本书吗?
-No, I don’t like either.
不,哪一本我都不喜欢。
He saw two films, but he didn’t like either one very much.
他看了两部电影,但哪一部他也不太喜欢。
On either side of the river there are some small factories.
在河的哪一边都有几座小型的工厂。
(2) either 用作副词时,意为“也……”,只用于否定句中
They didn’t go to the park yesterday. I didn’t go there, either.
昨天他们没去公园,我也没去公园。
My mother doesn’t like traveling by air. My father doesn’t like, either.
我的母亲不喜欢坐飞机旅行,我的父亲也不喜欢。
Also I was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmate might laugh at me.我也害怕在课堂上说英语,因为我觉得同学们会笑话我。
13.现在完成时
have/has + V.p.p.
1)现在完成时表示影响
表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果
eg.He has left the city.
他已离开这个城市。(结果:他不在这个城市。)
Someone has broken the window.
有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着。)
I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。
(结果:我现在无钢笔用。)
He has finished his work. 他把工作做完了。
(结果:他现在可以做其他的事了。)
2)现在完成时表示持续
表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
He has been busy since last week.
自上个星期以来他一直很忙。
3)现在完成时表示重复
表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束.
How often have you seen her? 你隔多少见她一次?
My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。
4)现在完成时表示将来
同一般现在时可以表示将来一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来.
I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。
When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden. 等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园
与一般过去时相比,两者的区别是:一般过去时有动作发生的时间点,即过去某一时间发生某一动作;现在完成时则没有,即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作,而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
He finished it.
He has finished it.
Unit2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!
重要知识点讲解
Section A_Grammar Focus_Section B_综合
Section A
一、There be句型
There are many traditional folk stories about this festival.关于这个节目,有很多传统的民间故事。
[点拨]
There be句型主要有三种常用结构:
1.There are+名词复数+地点+其他.如:
There are many bookstores in the city.这个城市有很多书店。
2.There is+单数名词/不可数名词+地点+其他.如:
There is some important information in the computer.
电脑里有一些重要资料。
3.There will be/is going to be+名词.(将会有/举行)
There will be a concert next week.下周将有一场音乐会。
二、表示"花费"的短语表达
We don't have to spend a lot of money.我们不需要花很多钱。
[点拨]
关于"花费"的表达有一下几种:
(1)人+spend/spent on sth (in) doing sth.
I spent three weeks reading the book.
我花了三个星期读完这本书了。
(2)物+cost...
The coat costs 200 yuan.这件大衣花费200元。
(3)人+pay for
I paid for 300 yuan the meal.我为这顿晚餐付了300元。
Grammar Focus
一、宾语从句
I believe that the Water Festival is really fun.
我认为泼水节真的很有趣。
[点拨]
"宾语从句" 指的是在复合句中用作宾语的从句。
结构:主句+连接词+宾语从句(主语+谓语...)
其后常跟宾语从句的单词:think/believe/know/wonder/heard
常用的连接词:that,if and whether。具体使用条件如下:
1.当陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
2.当一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”
只能用whether的情况:
1)在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether。
I don't know whether he does any washing or not.
我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
2)在介词之后用whether.
I'm interested in whether he likes English.
我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
3)在不定式前用whether.
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
4)whether置于句首时,不能换用if.
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.
这是否真的我说不上来。
5)引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether.
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.
问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
二、感叹句结构
What fun the Water Festival is!泼水节多么有趣啊!
[点拨]
"感叹句"是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。
一般说来,感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的,其余与陈述句结构相同, 句末用感叹句,朗读时用降调。具体如下:
1.由what引导的感叹句:
what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:
1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
What a fine day it is! 今天天气多好啊!
2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!
如:What nice music it is!音乐多美妙啊!
2.由How引导的感叹句:
how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:
1)How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!
How pretty the dragon boats were!
龙船多么好看啊!
Section B
重点短语
dress up 打扮
the importanc of ...的重要性
the best example of ...的最好例子
care about 关心
end up 以...结束
promise to do 承诺做某事
in need 在危急中;需要帮助
give out 分发
单元综合:
1. wonder
1)v.想知道
I wonder if he's eating well every day. 我想知道他是不是每天都吃得好。
I wonder what they call those flowers. 不知道那些花儿叫什么。
I wonder whether they will arrive on time. 我不知道他们能不能准时到。
I wonder ...和I don't know ... 这两个短语都可译成“不知道”。
其区别是:
I wonder ...作“不知道”解时, 其中含有“想知道”的意思;
I don't know只是用来陈述对某事“不知道”这一事实。
例如:
I wonder what you call this.不知道你们把这个叫做什么。
--- Do you know what they call this?你知道他们把这个叫做什么吗?
--- I don't know. 我不知道。
2)wonder n.惊奇;惊愕;奇迹
There was a look of wonder in his eyes.他眼中露出惊奇的神色。
They were filled with wonder at the new waterfall.他们对新瀑布感到非常惊奇。
It's a wonder that the child came through without a scratch.这孩子竟能安然无恙地脱险,真是奇迹。
3)wonder about 想知道; 对…感到奇怪; 考虑
wonder at 对…感到惊讶/奇怪
in wonder 在惊奇中
no wonder 难怪,怪不得
with wonder 惊奇地
the wonders of the world 世界奇观
2. Guess what?意思是 “你知道吗?”“想不到吧” “你猜怎么着?” 。
这个句子是要告诉人家某件事之前常用的口语。说话者并无意要对方真的去猜,听者也不会真的去伤脑筋。通常对于该句型都是以What?回答。
Guess what? I got through the exam.
你猜怎么了? 我考试过关了。
A: Guess what!
你猜猜看!
B: What?
什么?
A: I am going to the mountains with my family this weekend.
这个周末我和我家人要去山上。
B: That sounds like fun.
听起来很有趣。
3. I’m going to Chiang Mai in two weeks.
根据语境,in two weeks在这句话里的意思是 “两周之后” 。
He'll be back in two weeks. 他两周后回来。
“in+ 一段时间”和将来时连用,表示“在某段时间之后”。
“in+一段时间”和过去式连用,表示“在某段时间内”
I finished my homework in 2 hours.我两小时内做完了功课。
4. Sounds like fun. 听起来很有趣。
省略了it这个形式主语,完整的句子是:It sounds like fun.
sound like 听起来像
It sound like a nice room. Can we take a look at it? 听起来房间不错,我们能看一看房间吗?
Their love story sounds like a fairy tale. 他们的爱情故事听起来像童话。
感官动词 + like
feel like 摸起来像
smell like 闻起来像
look like 看起来像
taste like 尝起来像
5.similar to 跟...类似的; 与...同样的
My problems are very similar to yours.我的问题与你的差不多。
His dress is very similar to mine in colour. 他衣服的颜色和我衣服的很相似。
be similar to 的反义短语是be different from …(与……不同)
Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
重要知识点讲解
Section A_Grammar Focus_Section B_综合
Section A
一、常见的指路表达方式
Sure, just go along Main Street until you pass Center Street.
当然,就沿着主街向前走,直到你经过中心大街。
[点拨]
常见的指路表达方式:
1.go along 表示“沿着...向前走”
2.go down也表示“沿着...向前走”,但其多指向低处走,或向郊区走.
3.Turn left/right at...在...往左/往右转
4.Take the first/second...turning on the right/left.
在第一/二...个拐弯处往右、左拐。
5.It's across from/near/next to ...它就在...对面/附近/旁边。
6.You can take the NO. ...bus and get off at...
你可以乘...路公共汽车在...下车
二、past,over,across与through
[点拨]
"past"意为“晚于;从……旁边经过”,表示时间上“在……之后”或空间上“经过”。
The man walked past a shop.这个人走过一家商店。
"over"意为“从……上方跨过”,表示空间范围上“越过”。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上面有座桥。
"across"意为“横穿;越过”,表示动作是在某一物体表面进行的,强调从一端到另一端。
The little boy is walking across the road.
这个小男孩正在步行穿过马路。
"through"意为“穿过;越过”,表示动作是在某一空间内进行的,强调从内部穿过。
He can go through the forest by himself.
他能独自穿过森林。
Grammar Focus
一、宾语从句(2)
I wonder where we should go next.我在想我们接下来去哪。
You should try that new ride over there.你应该试试那边那辆新的车。
[点拨]
1.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句:
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,用特殊疑问词(what,where,when,why,how)作引导词;
特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,特殊疑问词不可省略,而且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的相互转换
2.含有疑问词引导的宾语从句的主从复合句中,若主句的主语或宾语与从句的主语一致,则宾语从句可以变成“疑问词+动词不定式”的形式。
I don’t know how I should do it next.
I don’t know how to do it next.
我不知道下一步应该怎样做。
关于主句与宾语从句的时态的记忆口诀:
时态常变化,主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;
主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
二、问路的常用表达
-Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine?
不好意思,你知道我在哪可以买到药吗?
-Sure.There's a supermarket down the street.当然,这条街下面有个超市。
[点拨]
"Excuse me, do you know where..."是一个问路的常用表达。
该问句的回答:
(肯定)Sure./Yes (否定)Sorry.I don't know.
问路的其他表达还有:
Could you please tell me+特殊疑问词引导的宾从...
如:Could you please tell me how to get to the post office?
请问你可以告诉我怎样去邮局吗?
Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there.抱歉,我不清楚怎样去那。
Section B
一、less一词的搭配用法
Both are correct, but the first one sounds less polite.两个人都是对的,但是第一个人不那么有礼貌。
[点拨]
"less+adj/adv"意为“不那么,稍许不”
less的另外一个表达:less+than+比较的对象
I was less angry than surprised.
我并不那么生气,更多的是惊讶
单元综合:
1.between 在……之间 ,用于两者;
between… and“…在……和……之间”,前后可以是两个不同的人,物及时间;
among 在……之间,用于三者或三者以上。
I sat down between Tom and Jim .
Don’t eat snacks between meals . 正餐之间不要吃零食。
They live among the mountains . 他们住在群山之间。
2.pardon
pardon me 主要用于没听清对方说话时,恳请对方再说一遍。
Excuse me 主要用于吸引别人的注意,有“麻烦, 打扰”之意。用于事前。
Sorry 对不起,主要用于做错事后道歉用的。
3.suggest v. 建议, 提议
→n. suggestion (c)n.
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人)建议某事
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
4.convenient adj. 便利的,方便的
It's convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是很方便的。
5. pass by = go past =pass 路过
He passed by without greeting me. 他经过我面前时,没打招呼。
6.花费
spend (spent,spent ) v.花费,主语为人。常用句型:
Sb. + spend + 时间或金钱 +(in)doing sth.
Sb. + spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth.
pay (paid , paid) v. 付款,主语为人,常与for 连用 pay for sth.
take (took,taken) v. 花费时间 常用句型;It takes sb. some time to do sth.
cost(cost,cost) v. 值,花费,主语为物。
7.happen vi. 发生
sth. happen to sb. 某人出了某事。
What happened to you? 你怎么了?
A car accident happened to her this morning . 今天上午她发生了车祸
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
8.look forward to” 期待“, to 为介词 。
9.wake up vi. 醒来
After I woke up , I quickly got up . 我醒来后迅速起床了。
vt. 叫醒,弄醒 动副短语, 宾语为代词时放中间。
I will wake you up before your alarm clock rings .
我会在你的闹钟响之前叫醒你。
10.宾语从句
1)宾语从句在时态上应遵循时态呼应原则
在宾语从句中,谓语动词时态要受到主句谓语动词时态的制约,一般要遵循以下三条原则:
(1)如果主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则宾语从句可根据实际需要选用时态。如:
Mary says she will come back soon.
Will you tell us which places you visited during the vacation?
(2)如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,则宾语从句需要使用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said that he played computer games last night.
I knew she had cleaned the classroom already.
(3)如果宾语从句所表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、谚语等,多用一般现在时。如:
He said time is money.
Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
2)宾语从句的“否定转移”
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe等词,且主语为第一人称时,从句中的否定词not应转移到主句谓语动词。如:
I think. She can't come.(合并为一句)
→I don't think she can come.
4)含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句
(1)陈述部分是“I/We think (know, believe, suppose, consider)+that从句”或者是“I'm/We're sure that; I'm/We're afraid that; I/We hope that; It seems that”时,附加疑问部分的主语应和从句一致,但需注意否定前移的情况。如:
I don't think he is right, is he?
I'm sure that you know him well, don't you?
(2)如果主语是其他人称,附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。如:
Your father believed you could succeed, didn't he?
Kate doesn't know if Jim is a good singer, does she?
