一. 冠词的基本用法
㈠不定冠词（a/an）的基本用法
1.与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别。
-- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
-- You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.
2.泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一个”, 相当于 a certain。
-- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
-- Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.
3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示“每一（单位）的……”。
I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
4.在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。
It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)
㈡定冠词(the)的基本用法
1.用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。
Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one.
2.指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。
Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you.
3.复述上文中提到的事物。
There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new.
4.用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。
When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.
5.序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。
The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.
6.用于复数姓氏之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家”。
the Smiths
7.表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。
the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
8.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及
些建筑物等名称前。
According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.
9.在某些形容词之前, 可表示某一类人。
the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead
㈢零冠词(无冠词)情况：
1.人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。
Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公园, Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。
2.抽象名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。
When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life.
3.物质名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。
The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.
4.表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前, 常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时, 加 the。
We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等。
5.表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前, 不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。 Children’s Day, Women’s Day, May Day the Spring Festival。
6.man 作“人类”讲时, 同 human, mankind 一样不用冠词。
While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man’s understanding of color.
7.复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。
It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.
二. 冠词的语义分析（根据语境判断特指与泛指）
泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一组概念, 在英语中广泛使用。“泛指”是指普遍、不确定的人或事物, 而“特指”则是指具体、特定的人或事物。泛指与特指可以说是精与细的区别,前者侧重于全面撒网, 而后者旨在重点培养。具体来讲, 其两者区别如下：
1.泛指是指首次提到的, 不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物, 或是指被性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。
A boy is playing basketball.（泛指）
Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?（特指）
2.泛指：一般的指, 是和“特指”相对的；特指：是专门的指, 和“泛指”相对。
I have a car. （泛指） The car is red.（特指）
3.泛指：无特别指定对象, 是和“特指”相对的；特指：有特别指定对象, 和“泛指”相对。
My mother works in a hospital.（泛指）
The hospital where my mother works is in the center of the city.（特指）
三. 冠词的固定搭配
㈠单一固定词组中冠词的使用
1.不定冠词固定词组
| give sb. a ride | 顺便带某人一程 | a couple of | 几个 |
| have a good time | 过得很愉快 | keep a diary | 写日记 |
| in a hurry | 急忙地 | once in a while | 偶尔地 |
| tell a lie | 说谎 | do sb. a favor | 帮某人的忙 |
| give sb. a hand | 帮…忙 | once upon a time | 从前 |
| all of a sudden | 突然地 | as a matter of fact | 事实上 |
| as a result (of) | 作为(……)的结果 | in a word | 总而言之 |
| have a word with | 与……说句话 | have/take a look (at) | 看一看 |
| have/take a rest | 休息一下 | put an end to | 结束 |
| play the piano | 弹钢琴 | the whole | 整个 |
| the same | 同样的 | go to the cinema | 去看电影 |
| on foot | 步行 | by train/ boat / plane | 乘火车/船/飞机 |
| in fact | 事实上 | in class | 在上课 |
| in church | 在教堂 | in danger | 在危险中 |
| in hospital | 在医院 | in bed | 在床上 |
| at home | 在家 | at school | 在学校 |
| at night | 在晚上 | at noon | 在中午 |
| go to bed | 去睡觉 | go to college | 上大学 |
| play chess | 下棋 | have lunch | 吃午餐 |
| go to school | 去上学 | play basketball | 打篮球 |
| in hospital | 生病住院 | in the hospital | 在医院里 |
| go to sea | 出海 | go to the sea | 去海边 |
| on earth | 究竟 | on the earth | 在地球上, 在世上 |
| in front of | 在……(外部的)前面 | in the front of | 在……(内部的)前面 |
| take place | 发生 | take the place(of) | 代替 |
| at table | 进餐 | at the table | 在桌子旁 |
| by sea | 乘船 | by the sea | 在海边 |
| in future | 从今以后 | in the future | 未来 |
| out of question | 毫无疑问 | out of the question | 不可能的, 办不到的 |
（2011山东卷,21﹚Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.
A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a
（2011全国卷,33﹚It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填
（2011全国卷II,16﹚As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.
A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a
（2011四川卷,18﹚Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A
pleasure。
（2010山东﹚If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the
（2010辽宁﹚There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
（2010北京﹚First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _____ second chance to make _____ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
（2010浙江﹚Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.
A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
（
（2009江西﹚Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.
A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a
（2009海南﹚Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a
（2009陕西﹚What ___ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive ___ prize!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
2009四川﹚In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study ________ second foreign language.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the
（2008湖南﹚Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填
（2008江苏﹚We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
（2008山东﹚Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource.
A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a
（2008江西﹚--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and ____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
（2008辽宁﹚My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.
A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the
（2008全国II﹚It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.
A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the
（2008浙江﹚______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填
（2008重庆﹚In many places in China, _____ bicycle is still _____ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the
（2007 全国II﹚—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
（2007 福建﹚—How about Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was success.
A.a; a B.The; a C.a;不填 D.the; 不填
（2007 四川﹚How about taking ______ short break? I want to make _______ call.
A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a
（2007 浙江﹚I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse.
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
（2007 重庆﹚Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.
A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a
（2007 辽宁﹚Chrismas is _____ special holiday when _______ whole family are supposed to get together.
A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the
（2006 全国Ⅰ﹚---- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
----- Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
1. Some people fear that ______ air pollution may bring about changes in ______ weather around the world.
A. /, the B. the, / C. an, the D. the, a
2. Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while.
A. the, the B. the, a C. a, the D. a, a
3. It’s not good idea to drive for four hours without break.
A. a, a B. the, a C. the, the D. a, the
4. -- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
-- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A.a, a B.the, the C./, / D./, a
5. In the United States, there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.
A.a, the B.the, a C.the, the D.a, a
6. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.
A. a, the B. /, a C. the, a D. the, the
7. ______apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
A. An, the B. The, the C. An, / D. The, /
8. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.
A. a, / B. the, the C. /, the D. a, the
9. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ______ earth.
A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
10.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______ second chance to make
______ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
【课后作业】
A组
1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.
A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the
2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A. a, the B. a, / C. /, the D. /, /
3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, / D. a, /
4. I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.
A. the; a B. /; the C. the; / D. a; the
5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.
A. the, the B. the, a C. the, / D. a, the
6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the, a B. the, / C. a, / D. /, the
7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.
A. the, / B. a, / C. /, / D. the, the
8. As ______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find ______ work.
A. the, / B./, / C. the, a D. an, the
9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for ______ bedroom apartment.
A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one
10.The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. /, / B. the, a C. /, the D. the, /
11.I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.
A. /, the B. /, a C. the, / D. the, a
12.-- John has put forward ______ most challenging question for us to answer.
-- Yes, it really is. I have never heard ______ harder one.
A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. a, a
13.“What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, ______ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”
A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the
14.The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as ______ years go on.
A. /, / B. the, / C. the, the D. /, the
15.“Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”
A. an, the B. a, the C. the, a D. an, a
B组
1. To tell truth, his coming is really big surprise to most people present at the party.
A. /, a B. the, / C. the, a D. /, /
2. Jack wanted to be ______ university student, but in _______ entrance examination he missed by a mile.
A. a, an B. an, the C. the, an D. a, the
3. ______ on-going division between English–speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ______ major concern of the country.
A. The, / B. The, a C. An, the D. An, /
4. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _____ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. / B. the C. a D. one
5. The cakes are delicious. He’d like have ______third one because _____second one is rather too small.
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a
6. In china, pressure to pass exams gives students the impression that learning comes from textbooks.
A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the
7. Recently some studies have found that learning _______ second language can lead to _______ increase in one’s brain power.
A. a, the B. /, the C. a, an D. the, an
8. -- What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as?
-- As ______ inventor of ______ telephone.
A. an, / B. the, a C. the, the D. /, the
9. -- What in ______ world do you like most in ______ world?
-- I hope ______world is ______ peaceful and fair world.
A. the, the, the, the B. ／, the, the,／
C.／, the, the, a D. the, the, the, a
10.As we all know, ______ life is hard for any of us. If we live______ happy life, we must all work harder.
A. ／,／ B. ／, a C. a,／ D. a, a
11.In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.
A. the, / B. /, / C. the, the D. /, the
12.Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. the, an B. a, / C. the, the D. /, the
13.The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a
14.______ England of those years was _______ England in peace.
A.／,／ B. The, an C. The, ／ D.／, an
15.-- Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?
-- Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.
A. a, / B. the, / C. the, the D. a, the
C组
1. The chairman will be pleased at _______ scene that everything is in ______ place.
A. a, a B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the
2. Play, often seen as activity for kids, is still important in development of
teenagers.
A. the, the B. an, the C. an, / D. the, /
3. Sad to say, nowadays many people are still in habit of writing silly things in
public places.
A．the, / B．/, / C．the, the D. /, the
4. It was ______ exciting news that more than ten students in a single school were admitted to Tsinghua University in the same year.
A. one B. an C. / D. a
5. -- What have we got for supper?
-- I got huge fish at market opposite our school for only five pounds.
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a
6. -- My flight was delayed because of ______ heavy rain．
-- But you are just in ______ time for the discussion．
A. the, a B. a, the C. /, / D. the, /
7. I don’t think the experiment is ______ failure. At least we have gained ______ experience for
future success.
A. /, the B. a, the C. a, / D. /, /
8. By ______ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about ______ world
bigger than life itself.
A. a, the B. the, the C. /, a D. the, /
9. While income worry is ______ rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another
problem that ______ aged parents may face.
A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the
10.Hey, please do me ______ favor. I must get some money from ATM machine.
A. the, a B. a, the C. the, an D. a, /
11.Have you read today’s news? The price of houses has slightly gone down.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, /
12.When the government office building was under fire, the crowd got into
panic.
A. /, a B. the, / C. a, the D. the, a
13.The film company has given up idea of acting play of Shakespeare.
A. the, the B. the, a C. an, a D. an, the
14.Education is a lifelong process, process that starts long before start of school,
and one that should be a necessary part of one’s entire life.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
15.The report said that a bus went out of control on highway south of the city
are rushed into a river.
A. the, the B./, the C. the, / D. /, /
【课堂随练答案】
1.A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A
6. C 7.A 8. D 9. B 10.A
【课后作业答案】
A组 1-5DBABC 6-10BABDB 11-15ADBAD
B组 1-5CDBCC 6-10 CCCCB 11-15ABBBC
C组 1-5 CBACB 6-10DCCAB 11-15DABBD
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