
下面两句话意思几乎相同:
John speaks English
English is spoken by John
在第一句中,动词speaks表示主语John是动作的执行者,这时就说它为主动语态(Active Voice)。第二句中的谓语 is spoken表示主语 English是动作的承受者,因此就说它处于被动语态(Passive Voice)。
当主动结构的句子变为被动结构的句子时,有3个成分受到影响:主动语态的动词(如speaks)成为被动语态的动词: be+过去分词(如is spoken);主动结构中的宾语(如第一句中的English)成为被动结构中的主语(如第二句中的English);主动结构中的主语(如第一句中的John)变成被动结构句子中by的宾语(如第二句中的John)。
下面是几对主动结构和被动结构的句子:
1.Columbus discovered America.(主动)
2.America was discovered by Columbus.(被动)
1.The cat has eaten the fish.(主动)
2.The fish has been eaten by the cat.(被动)
1.Some one of us will do it.(主动)
2.It will be done by some one of us.(被动)
不过,由于被动语态的主要作用是不提主动结构句子中的主语(其理由下面再谈),因此在变为被动结构之后,由by 引起的短语常不出现。例如,我们说 English is spoken in England.而不说 English is spoken in England by them 。
从以上所说看来,He teaches和 He is taught是不同的,而John murdered和John was murdered也是不同的。
| Tense | Subject | Singular | Plural | Past participle |
| Present | The car/ cars | is | are | designed |
| Present perfect | The car/ cars | has been | have been | designed |
| Past | The car/ cars | was | were | designed |
| Past perfect | The car/ cars | had been | had been | designed |
| Future | The car/ cars | will be | will be | designed |
| Future perfect | The car/ cars | will have been | will have been | designed |
| Present progressive | The car/ cars | is being | are being | designed |
| Past progressive | The car/ cars | was being | were being | designed |
1 感官动词和使役动词变被动后要把省略的to还原 但是let 的被动结构中不定式仍不带to
They make him go there alone
He was made to go there alone
I saw him across the road
He was seen to across the road
They let John go
John was let go
英语被动语态练习题附答案
1.____ a new library _____in our school last year?
A. Is,built B. Was , built C. Does ; build D . Did ; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
7.The doctor _____ for yet.
A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent
8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C .is; used D. are; used
9.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D. asks to
11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
13.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after
C. must look after D. looked after
14.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen
C. be listened D. is listened
15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been B. had been C. has D. had
17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A. would be completed B. will be completed
C. had been completed D. is being completed
18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was founded
C. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? —She has _______ by her classmates.
A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at
20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
21. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of
22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given
23. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given
24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from B. prevented from
C. be prevented from D. to prevent from
25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
26. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought
27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed
28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided
29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to
30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing
31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.
A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear
C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard
32.- The window is dirty.
— I know. It _____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing.
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
34.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D .will you be employed
35.—What happened to the priceless works of art? —_______.
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. They destroyed in the earthquake
D. The earthquake destroyed them
36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
37. Rainforests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A. s changing B. has changed .will have changed D. will change
39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
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