
命题规律
1.近五年高考短文改错考点分布统计表
年份
题量
| 考点 | 动词 | 名词 | 连词 | 形容词 | 副词 | 代词 | 冠词 | 介词 |
| 2009全国1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2010课标 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2011课标 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2012课标 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| 2013课标 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
短文改错以记叙文为主,题材和语言符合中学生实际;句子结构以由简单句为主逐渐过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。学生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考察的重点。
1.短文改错的命题特征
1.试题的立意特征
短文改错中的错误虽然大部分是所谓的语法错误,但是这种试题并不是单纯检测语法知识的,而是检测学生写作能力中的校验能力的,这种能力是书面表达的必备能力。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。
2.试题的情景特征
(1)语言材料通常取自学生自己的作品或类似学生的作品
(2)内容来自学生身边的常见话题;
(3)篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平;
(4)语言明白易懂;
(5)基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难语句;
2.短文改错解题技巧
1.正确理解做题要求,搞清楚改什么(改动一个单词,不是两个,也不是改动标点符号),怎么改(删除,补漏,纠错)
2.短文改错以句为单位设置错误。
3.并非每一句都有错误,但若做题结果为多处无错误,则说明有未被发现的错误,需进一步查找。
4.短文改错有别于单句改错,要重视文章的整体内容和前后照应。既要从单句入手检查语言错误,又要从全文着眼发现行文逻辑方面的问题。注意句与句之间的关系,前后文之间的联系和统一,这样才能将在单个句子中不易发现的错误,如连词运用不当,人称混乱,前后矛盾等问题找出来。
5要在弄清楚整篇内容的基础上,逐句寻查错误。可着重注意一下几个方面:
(1)看句子结构是否完整;
(2)看文中的习惯用法,固定搭配是否正确;
(3)看上下文的逻辑是否合理;
(4)看主谓是否一致,时态是否正确,冠词,代词,连词,关系代词,关系副词,名词的数和格,介词,形容词使用是否得当。
改错原则:
四不改:1.单词拼写错误不该 2.大小写不该 3.词序错误不该 4.标点符号不改
短文改错历年高考真题
The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800’s. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
Mr.Johnson is a hardworking teacher.Every day, he spends too much time with his work.With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.Hard work have made him very ill.“He has ruined his healthy.We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr.Johnson.I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped.I had to calm myself down.Quietly I step into the room.I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him.
Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher's office. The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. I was very upset. I didn't cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me?
I learned early in life that 1had to be more patient and little aggressive .From the time l was about four until I was about six ,l destroyed each of my toy .I was happy when the toys worked ,but when things did wrong ,I got angry and broke it .For a while parents bought me new toys .But before long they began to see which was happening .when I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train ,my father said ,"that's it .No more toys to you ."my punishment lasted a year .meanwhile ,I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last .my attitude changed from then on
It is bad manners in the classroom to look for what our 1. __neighbor had written, or try to see what mark he has received 2. ___without being permitted. It is good manners for them to help 3. ___each other if we have the same desire and the teacher allows to it. 4.__In examinations and in certain kinds of written work, it is dishonest 5. ___and foolishly to help or to ask help from others. When one student 6. __does so, much larger values are destroying. One may not agree 7. __to examination system, but at present it is basically the only 8. ___measure that the teacher and the rest of the world can depend to 9. ___decide if or not each of us meets the requirement. 10. __
Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. ___the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 2. __long ago, many adults and children called their friends together 3. __to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. __like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words, 5. __they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are 6. ___playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities 7. ___for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. __many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American 9. __big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games. 10. ___
We had guests last night who have not stayed 1. __in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 2. __because that they were going out early in the 3. __morning. They came back lately and had some 4. ___tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 5. __them just go through the kitchen door but turn 6. __on the light. He was looking for a glass the 7. __cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 8. ____not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 9. ___“What can I do? We are guests after all.” 10. __
Dear Ming
It was very nice to hear from you for such a long time. I’m 1.__glad to learn that you’ve been settled down in Boston and are 2.___getting used to the local ways of life. 3.___As you know, I’m still buried in books at school you are 4.___so familiar with. What may surprise you are that I’m going to 5.___the US this July in a summer camp! Surely I’m expecting lots 6.__ of sightseeing tours, parties and another exciting things. We must 7.__ definitely meet when I’m over. As is planning, I’m coming 8.___ to Boston around the 15th, and I wonder if you’ll free then so 9.___ we could chat about the good older days. 10.___Hope to see you soon.
Yours,
Xiao Lei
安徽卷
There is a public library in every town in Britain. Anyone 1.___can borrow books if he or she wish. In some places you2.__may borrow as more books as you need, but in others 3.__you are limited in a certain number of books. You may 4.__keep the books for several weeks so as you can have 5.__enough time to finish it. If the book you want is out 6.__you may ask it to be kept for you. Most public libraries 7.__ also have a reading-room, that you can sit at the desk 8.___ and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other 9.__books, but you are not permit to take them out. 10.___
浙江卷
Dear Mr. Donforth,
I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit. I’ve 1. __heard that you have been to Greece. In our Greece unit, we 2. __have been learning about it’s rich culture and long history. 3. ___Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to 4. __know whether you have seen the old buildings here. We have 5. __learned a lot from the textbook, but I believe you personal 6. ___experience will be a lot better. Your knowledges of Greece can 7. __help the whole class. Could you share you experiences for 8. ___us? It will be surely exciting and rewarding. I hoped that you 9. ___think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly. 10. __
2007年高考真题
全国卷1
I was only about six that he held his hand 1. ___out to me. I took it in me and we walked. Then 2. ___I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have 3. __so much lines on your hand?” He laughed and 4. __said, “Well, that’s a big question!” He was 5. __silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: 6. __“Each these lines stands for a trouble in my 7. __life.” I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa, 8. __what do you have more lines on that one?” 9. __“Because there are more the honors and joys 10. __ in my life.”
天津卷
In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get 1. ___only 36 percent of the answer correct. I failed the 2. __next one, either. I started to think that maybe I was 3. __not good at it. However. I was not lucky enough to 4. __have a teacher which didn’t take my bad grades as a 5. ___judgment of my abilities, but simply like an indication 6. __how I should study harder. He pulled me aside and told 7. __me that he knew I could do better. He permitted to retake 8. __the test, and I was pulled my grade to an A. This is what 9. __I discovered: just because a subject is difficulty to learn, 10. __it doesn’t mean you are not good at it.
One day in the restaurant where I worked, I am serving a 1. ___table of four and each person had ordered the different 2. __kind of fish. Three plate were already on the table when 3. __the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me 4. __the name of the fish on it. Before I could answer him, he 5. __continued to ask me the name of the fish on another one 6. __plate. I was about to answer him while I noticed that the 7. __last plate on my tray(托盘)began to fall. They fell noisily 8. __to the floor seconds late, spreading its contents on the 9. __carpet. Everyone stared me and I stood there with a red face. 10. __
福建卷
May 10, 2007
Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down 1. ___and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at that moment, 2. __but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the 3. __class was over. Though I had difficulty walk back to 4. ___my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused 5. ___the offer of help of my classmates. As result, the hurt 6. __in my foot became worse. Now I know I’m wrong. We 7. ___can tell others our need for help and accept his help. 8. ___Some day we can not help others in return. In this way, 9. __we can get along to each other happily and peacefully. 10. __
