
基础知识
名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。如:GuangZhou,Mike,UNESCO等。专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词the。普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。如:police,uggs,rice等。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。
集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family,police,class,people等。
物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。如:Water,air,milk等。
抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。如:hope,love,spirit。
一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。可数名词有单数、复数之分,表示“一个”时用单数,表示“多个”时用复数。如:a bird,a teacher,an apple,two birds,five teachers,eight apples等。
可数名词复数的构成
1、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如:game-games,boy-boys等。
2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。
3、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。
4、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。
5、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,cheap nike air max,然后再加-es。如:leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives等。
6、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。这些词有:goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teech,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,child-children,ox-oxen等,ugg shoes。
不可数名词量的表示
不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,如:a cup of tea,a uggs of rice,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。如:a cup of tea---3 cups of tea---a uggs of rice---5 uggss of rice,a box of milk---12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper
名词所有格
表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。如:“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。名词所有格的构成有以下规则:
1、一般情况下,在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。如:Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.
2、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加“’”如:my parents' car我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
3、表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如:Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如:Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
4、名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的习惯上可以省去不用。如:The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
5、没有生命的东西的所有格,我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。如:The window of the classroom教室的窗户;the capital of China中国的首都;The weather of ShangHai上海的天气.
实战练习
一、判断正误。下例表述正确的,在题后横线上打“∨”,错误的改正并说明其错误原因。
1、sheeps_____
2、buses_____
3、my classmates's father_____
4、a onion_____
5、some boys_____
6、five goose_____
7、two womans_____
8、the children's toys_____
9、a map of China_____
10、a paper_____
11、three bottle of water_____
12、two babys_____
13、peachs_____
14、potatoes_____
15、foxs_____
16、some leafs_____
17、photoes_____
18、dogs_____
19、the classroom's wall_____
20、mouses_____
二、写出下例名词的复数形式
1、monkey _____
2、boy _____
3、duck _____
4、house_____
5、bus _____
6、lady_____
7、sheep _____
8、deer _____
9、child_____
10、foot _____
三、根据中文的意思用正确的形式表示所有格。
1、Kate的妈妈 ___________________________________
2、Jack的朋友 ___________________________________
3、美国的首都 ___________________________________
4、孩子们的书包 ___________________________________
5、老师们的书 ___________________________________
四、完成下例句子。
1、LanLan and I________(是学生).
2、There are _________(许多尺子)on the dask.
3、There are__________(二十八天)in February this year.
4、Give me _________(两瓶兰墨水),please.
5、There are________(五个动物园)in ShangHai.
五、把下例各句改成复数形式。
1、This is a zoo._______________________
2、I am a good child.____________________
3、It is a greedy wolf.___________________
4、He is drawing a mouse.________________
5、There is a baby on the floor.__________
六、用正确的名词形式填空
1、Lily and Lucy are my_______(classmate).
2、There are seven_______(sheep).
3、My uncle has two_______(child).
4、How many _______(subway)are there in ShenZhen?
5、Can you give me two bottles of_____(water).
七、选择正确的词填空
1、Those_____(fish\\fishes)are very beautiful.
2、Those hamburgers are____(Tom\\Tom's).
3、Nina is at_____(grandma's\\grandma).She went there yesterday.
4、We have 16 new_____(light\\lights).
5、_____(The classroom's door\\The classroom)is broken
10、I like____(chicken\\chickens)better than pork?
八、选择填空
()1、We have some____but we need some____.
A.tomatos; potatos B.tomatoes; potatos.
C.tomatoes; potatoes D.tomatos; potatoes.
()2、The thief has two_____.
A.knife; B.knifes; C.knives; D.knifees;
()3、The lion has big_____.
A.teeth; B.tooth; C.tooths; D.toothes;
()4、-Can I help you?
-yes,I'd like some_____.
A.banana; B.pears; C.apple; D.lychee;
()5、Father has_____for breakfast.
A.two piece of bread; B.two pieces of bread;
C.two pieces of breads; D.two piece of breads;
()6、I'm thirsty.I need_____to drink.
A.three bottle of juice; B.three bottle of juices;
C.three bottles of juices;D.three bottles of juice;
()7、There are many_____.
A.banana trees; B.banana tree ;
C.bananas trees; D.bananas tree;
()8、Lily bought_____for Mary's birthday.
A.two pair of ugg boots; B.two pairs of uggs
C.two pair of ugg boots; D.two pairs of ugg boots
()9、-How many_____can you see in the picture?
-eight.
A.sheep B.sheeps C.duck D.cow
()10、About ten_____are going to visit the Chinese Art Museum the day after tomorrow.
A.Englishman B.German Japanese D.Indian
()11、This room is too small.Ican't find_____for myself.
A.room B.a room C.rooms D.the room
()12、_____love seeing ChengLong's films.
A.Peoples B.people C.People D.person
()13、The room is_____.
A.Lucy and Lily; B.Lucy's and Lily;
C.Lucy's and Lily's; D.Lucy and Lily's;
()14、There were many_____and there weren't___then.
A.factories; subwaies. B.factory; subways.
C.factories; subways. D.factorys; subwaies.
()15、Maths_____my favorite subject.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
()16、Can you give me_____?
A.a paper B.some papers C.some paper D.papers
()17、What's_____name,Peter?
A.he B.the boy C.The boy's
()18、Look at_____photo. Is it nice?
A.Alice B.Alice's C.Alices'
()19、My brother is reading_____.
A.today's paper B.today of paper C.today's papers
()20、There are many pictures on_____.
A.the classroom's walls; B.the walls of the classroom; C.The walls in the classroom.
()21、That girl is Susan. She is _____.
A.a friend my sister; B.a friend of my sister C.a friend of my sister's
()22、Is that an_____car?
A.Chinese B.Japanese C.English
()23、-Can we put_____here?--Yes,Please.
A.our coats B.our coat C.my coat
()24、She must look after those___.
A.dog B.sheep C.parrot
()25、-What's your name,please?--My name is_____.
A.Wang Ying Hua; B.Wang Yinghua; C.Wangyinghua;
()26、Where are____?
A.the teachers' rooms; B.the teacher's room
C.the room of the teachers;
