| 构词法 |
| 1. 转化法 |
| 1） noun → verb |
| bottle(瓶子) n. → bottle(把……装入瓶中) v. |
| nurse(护士) n. → nurse(护理) v. |
| 2） adjective → verb |
| calm(镇静的)→ calm(使镇静) v. |
| empty(空的) n.→ empty(倒空) v. |
| 3） verb → noun |
| attack(进攻) v. → attack(进攻) n. |
| cover(盖) v.→ cover(盖子) n. |
| 2. 合成法 |
| 1） 合成名词 |
| handshake(握手)，toothache(牙痛) |
| 2） 合成形容词 |
| everlasting(永久的)，widespread(普遍的) |
| 3） 合成动词 |
| crossbreed(杂交繁育)，uplift(高举) |
| 3. 缩略法 |
| 1） 首字母缩略词 |
| radar(雷达)，TV(电视) |
| 2） 截短词 |
| ad(广告)， phone(电话) |
| 3） 拼缀词 |
| smog(烟雾)，hitech(高技术)，heliport(直升飞机机场)，motel(汽车旅馆) |
| 4．逆成法 |
| editor(编辑) → edit(编辑) |
| sightseeing(观光) → sightsee(观光) |
| 5．词缀法（详见常用前缀、后缀） |
| 1）加前缀 |
| 2）加后缀 |
| 常用前缀、后缀 |
| 一． 常用前缀 |
| anti- against, opposite 反（对） |
| matter(物质) --- antimatter(反物质) |
| war(战争) --- antiwar(反战的) |
| auto- of or by oneself 自己（做）的 |
| criticism(批评) --- autocriticism(自我批评) |
| land(着陆) --- autoland(自动着陆) |
| be- cause to be or have 使，有 |
| friend(朋友) --- befriend（以朋友态度对待） |
| little(小) --- belittle(贬低) |
| bi- two，twice, double 二，双，两倍 |
| form(形状) --- biform(二形的) |
| monthly(月刊) --- bimonthly(双月刊) |
| bio- life 生命，生物 |
| chemistry(化学) --- biochemistry(生物化学) |
| sphere(范围) --- biosphere(生物圈) |
| centi- hundredth part 百分之一 |
| grade(度) --- centigrade(百分度的) |
| meter(米) --- centimeter(厘米) |
| co- with, together 共同，（和……）一起 |
| author(作者) --- coauthor(合著者) |
| exist(存在) --- coexist(共存) |
| con- with, together 共同，（和……）一起 |
| centric(中心的) --- concentric(同中心的) |
| join(参加) --- conjoin(联合) |
| col- (用在字母l的前面) |
| location(位置) --- collocation(并置) |
| com- (用在字母m, b和p的前面) |
| passion(激情) --- compassion(同情) |
| cor- (用在字母r的前面) |
| relation(关系) --- correlation(相互关系) |
| contra- opposite 反对，相反，相对 |
| missile(导弹) --- contramissile(反弹道导弹) |
| natural(自然的) --- contranatural(违反自然的) |
| counter- opposite 反对，相仿，相对 |
| attack(攻击) --- counterattack() |
| revolution() --- countrerrevolution(反) |
| de- showing an opposite, to remove, to reduce 非，相反，除去，减少 |
| nationalize(国有化) --- denatioanlize(非国有化) |
| code(密码) --- decode(解码) |
| value(价值) --- devalue(使贬值) |
| dis- not, the opposite of 否定，相反 |
| advantage(优点) --- disadvantage(缺点) |
| agree(同意) --- disagree(不同意) |
| honest(诚实的) --- dishonest(不诚实的) |
| en- cause to become, put into the stated condition 使成为，使处于……状态 |
| danger(危险) --- endanger(危害) |
| large(大) --- enlarge(扩大) |
| em- （用在字母m, b和p的前面） |
| body(身体) --- embody(体现) |
| power(权利) --- empower(授权) |
| ex- former 以前的，前任的 |
| minister() --- ex-minister(前任) |
| wife(妻子) --- ex-wife(前妻) |
| extra- outside, beyond 超出，在……之外 |
| curricular(课程的) --- extracurricular(课外的) |
| ordinary(普通的) --- extraordinary(非常的) |
| fore- in advance, before, in or at the front 预先，前，在前面的 |
| leg(腿) --- foreleg(前腿) |
| warn(警告) --- forewarn(预先警告) |
| in- not, in, into 不，非，无 |
| ability(能力) --- inability() |
| direct(直接的) --- indirect(间接的) |
| il- (用在字母l的前面) |
| legal(合法的) --- illegal(不合法的) |
| im- (用在字母m,b和p的前面) |
| balance(平衡) --- imbalance(不平衡) |
| moral(道德的) --- immoral(不道德的) |
| possible(可能的) --- impossible(不可能的) |
| ir- (用在字母r的前面) |
| regular(规则的) --- irregular(不规则的) |
| in- in, into 内，向内 |
| door(门) --- indoor(户内的) |
| fix(安装) --- infix(嵌入) |
| inter- between, among 互相，在……之间 |
| change(更换) --- interchange(交换) |
| national(国家的) --- international(国际的) |
| intra- inside, within 在之内 |
| city(城市) --- intracity(市内的) |
| department(系) --- intra-department(系内的) |
| kilo- thousand 千 |
| gram(克) --- kilogram(公斤，千克) |
| meter(米) --- kilometer(公里，千米) |
| macro- large 大的，宏观的 |
| economics（经济学） --- macroeconomics（宏观经济学） |
| structure（结构） --- macrostructure（宏观结构） |
| mal- bad, badly 坏，不良，不当 |
| function(功能) --- malfunction(功能障碍) |
| treat(对待) --- maltreat(虐待) |
| micro- extremely small 极小的 |
| computer(计算机) --- microcomputer(微型计算机) |
| surgery(外科) --- microsurgery(显微外科) |
| mid- middle 中间 |
| day(白天) --- midday(中午) |
| night(夜晚) --- midnight(午夜) |
| mini- small，short 极小的，极短的 |
| bus(公共汽车) --- minibus(小公共汽车) |
| skirt(裙子) --- miniskirt(超短裙) |
| mis- bad, badly 坏，不当 |
| judge(判断) --- misjudge(错误地判断) |
| understand(理解) --- misunderstand(误解) |
| mono- one, single 单，一 |
| plane(飞机) --- monoplane(单翼机) |
| tone(音调) --- monotone(单调) |
| multi- many, more than one 多 |
| purpose(目的) --- multipurpose(多用途的) |
| storey(楼层) --- multistorey(多层的) |
| non- not 不，非，无 |
| metal(金属) --- non-metal(非金属) |
| resindent(定居的) --- non(-)resindent(非定居的) |
| out- outside, beyond 超越，超过，胜过 |
| live(生活) --- outllive(比……活得长) |
| number(数量) --- outnumber(在数量上超过) |
| over- too much, above, additional 过分，在……上面，额外的 |
| head(头) --- overhead(在头顶上的) |
| population(人口) --- overpopulation(人口过剩) |
| time(时间) --- overtime(加班) |
| poly- many 多 |
| centric(中心) --- polycentric(多中心的) |
| directional(方向的) --- polydirectional(多方向的) |
| post- later than, after 在……之后 |
| graduate(有学士学位的) --- postgraduate(研究生的) |
| war(战争) --- postwar(战后的) |
| pre- before, in advance 在……之前，预先 |
| pay(支付) --- prepay(预付) |
| war(战争) --- pretwar(战前的) |
| pseudo- not real, false 假，伪 |
| memory(记忆) --- pseudomemory(记忆错误) |
| science(科学) --- pseudoscience(伪科学) |
| re- again, back to a former state 再，回复 |
| pay(支付) --- repay(偿还) |
| use(使用) --- reuse(重复使用) |
| semi- half,partly 半，部分的 |
| circle(圆) --- semicircle(半圆) |
| final(决赛) --- semifinal(半决赛) |
| sub- under, below, less important 在……下，低于，次于……的 |
| section(部门) --- subsection(分部) |
| way(路) --- subway(地铁) |
| super- greater or more than 超级，超过 |
| market(市场) --- supermarket(超级市场) |
| natural(自然的) --- supernatural(超自然的) |
| tele- at or over a long distance, by or for television 远（距离），由（或为）电视 |
| screen(屏幕) --- telescreen(电视屏幕) |
| switch(开关) --- teleswitch(遥控开关) |
| therm-, thermo- heat 热 |
| chemistry（化学） -- thermochemistry（热化学） |
| meter（仪表）-- thermometer（温度计） |
| trans- across, on or to the other side of 横越 |
| Atlantic(大西洋) --- transatlantic(横越大西洋的) |
| plant(种植) --- transplant(移植) |
| tri- three 三 |
| angle(角) --- triangle(三角形) |
| cycle(圆圈) --- tricycle(三轮摩托车) |
| ultra- beyond, very, too 超过，极度的 |
| modern(现代的) --- ultramodern(超现代化的) |
| sound(声音) --- ultrasound(超声波) |
| un- not 不，非 |
| fortunately(幸运地) --- unfortunately(不幸地) |
| important(重要的) --- unimportant(不重要的) |
| under- too little, below 过少，在……下面 |
| development(发展) --- underdevelopment(欠发达) |
| sea(海) --- undersea(海底的) |
| uni- one, single 单，一 |
| directional(方向的) --- unidirectional(单向的) |
| serial(一系列的) --- uniserial(单列的) |
| vice- next in rank below 副 |
| chairman() --- vice-chairman(副) |
| presindent(总统) --- vice-presindent(副总统) |
| 二．常用后缀 |
| 1. 名词后缀 |
| -ability, -ibility |
| able(能够的) --- ability(能力) |
| flexible(柔韧的) --- flexibility(柔韧性) |
| -age |
| post(邮政) --- postage(邮资) |
| shrink(收缩) --- shrinkage(缩水) |
| -al |
| arrive(到达) --- arrival(到达) |
| refuse(拒绝) --- refusal(拒绝) |
| -an, -ian, -arian |
| humane(人道的) --- humanitarian(人道主义的) |
| library(图书馆) --- librarian(图书馆管理员) |
| music(音乐) --- musician(音乐家) |
| -ance, -ence |
| appear(出现) --- appearance(出现) |
| refer(参考) --- reference(参考) |
| -ancy,-ency |
| emerge(出现) --- emergency(紧急情况) |
| expect(期待) --- expectancy(期待) |
| -ant, -ent |
| serve(服务) --- servant(仆人) |
| study(学习) --- student(学生) |
| -cy |
| accurate(准确的) --- accuracy(准确性) |
| bankrupt(破产的) --- bankruptcy(破产) |
| -dom |
| free(自由的) --- freedom(自由) |
| king(国王) --- kingdom(王国) |
| -ee |
| absent(缺席) --- absentee(缺席者)) |
| employ(雇用) --- employee(雇员 |
| -er, -or, -ar |
| paint(绘画) --- painter(画家) |
| conduct(传导) --- conductor(导体) |
| beg(乞讨) --- beggar(乞丐) |
| -ery |
| brave(勇敢的) --- bravery(勇敢) |
| cook(烹调) --- cookery(烹调法) |
| -ese |
| China(中国) --- Chinese(汉语,中国人) |
| Japan(日本) --- Japanese(日语,日本人) |
| -ess |
| actor(演员) --- actress(女演员) |
| lion(狮子) --- lioness(母狮) |
| -ful |
| hand(手) --- handful(一把的量) |
| spoon(匙) --- spoonful(一匙的量) |
| -hood |
| child(孩子) --- childhood(童年) |
| likely(可能的) --- likelihood(可能性) |
| -ics |
| electron(电子) --- electronics(电子学) |
| linguist(语言学家) --- linguistics(语言学) |
| -ion,-ition, -ation |
| collect(收集) --- collection(收集) |
| compose(创作) --- composition(做文) |
| observe(观察) --- observation(观察) |
| -ism |
| hero(英雄) --- heroism(英雄主义) |
| social(社会的) --- socialism(社会主义) |
| -ist |
| social(社会的) --- socialist(社会主义者) |
| violin(小提琴) --- violinist(小提琴手) |
| -ity, -ty |
| cruel(残忍的) --- cruelty(残忍) |
| pure(纯的) --- purity(纯净) |
| -ment |
| move(运动) --- movement(运动) |
| retire(退休) --- retirement(退休) |
| -ness |
| dark(黑暗的) --- darkness(黑暗) |
| happy(幸福的) --- happiness(幸福) |
| -ology |
| future(未来) --- futurology(未来学) |
| music(音乐) --- musicology(音乐研究) |
| -ship |
| friend(朋友) --- friendship(友谊) |
| partner(伙伴) --- partnership(伙伴关系) |
| -sion, -ssion |
| decide（决定） -- decision（决定） |
| expand（膨胀） -- expansion（膨胀） |
| -ure |
| close(关闭) --- closure(关闭) |
| expose(使暴露) --- exposure(暴露) |
| 2. 动词后缀 |
| -en |
| deep(深的) --- deepen(加深) |
| fast(牢固的) --- fasten(扎牢) |
| -ify |
| class(种类) --- classify(分类) |
| simple(简单的) --- simplify(简化) |
| -ize, -ise |
| modern(现代的) --- modernize/modernise(现代化) |
| popular(流行的) --- popularize/popularise(普及) |
| 3. 形容词后缀 |
| -able, -ible |
| suit(适合) --- suitable(合适的) |
| admit(准许进入) --- admissible(可准许进入的) |
| -al |
| education(教育) --- educational(教育的) |
| nature(自然) --- natural(自然的) |
| -an, -arian, -ian（补一arian的例） |
| suburb(郊区) --- suburban(郊区的) |
| discipline(纪律) --- disciplinarian(执行纪律者) |
| Canada(加拿大) --- Canadian(加拿大的) |
| -ant, ent |
| differ(不同) --- different(不同的) |
| result(结果) --- resultant(作为结果而发生的) |
| -ary，-ory |
| advise(劝告) --- advisory(忠告的) |
| custom(习惯) --- customary(习惯的) |
| -ate |
| consider(考虑) --- considerate(考虑周到的) |
| fortune(运气) --- fortunate(幸运的) |
| -en |
| gold(黄金) --- golden(金制的) |
| wood(木头) --- wooden(木制的) |
| -ese |
| China(中国) --- Chinese(中国的,汉语的) |
| Japan(日本) --- Japanese(日本的,日语的) |
| -free |
| care(忧虑) --- carefree(无忧无虑的) |
| trouble(烦恼) --- troublefree(平安无事的) |
| -ful |
| care(小心) --- careful(小心的) |
| pain(疼痛) --- painful(疼痛的) |
| -ic,-ical |
| atom(原子) --- atomic(原子的) |
| biology（生物学） --- biological(生物学的) |
| -ish |
| girl(女孩) --- girlish(女孩子似的) |
| red(红色) --- reddish(稍带红色的) |
| -ive |
| create(创造) --- creative(有创造力的) |
| support(支持) --- supportive(支持的) |
| -less |
| hope(希望) --- hopeless(没有希望的) |
| job(职业) --- jobless(失业的) |
| -like |
| child(孩子) --- childlike( 孩子般的) |
| lady(贵妇人) --- ladylike(贵妇似人的) |
| -ly |
| man(男人) --- manly(具有男子气概的) |
| month(月) --- monthly(每月的) |
| -ous, -ious |
| space(空间) --- spacious(宽敞的) |
| danger(危险) --- dangerous(危险的) |
| -some |
| quarrel(吵架) --- quarrelsome(喜欢吵架的) |
| trouble(烦恼) --- troublesome(使人烦恼的) |
| -ward |
| down(向下) --- downward(向下的) |
| home(家) --- homeward(回家的) |
| -y |
| hair(毛发) --- hairy(多毛的) |
| noise(喧哗声) --- noisy(喧闹的) |
| 4. 副词后缀 -ly |
| easy（容易的） --- easily(容易地) |
| quick(迅速的) --- quickly(迅速地) -ward, -wards |
| north(北) --- northward(s)(向北地) |
| up(向上) --- upward(s)(向上地) |
| -wise |
| clock(钟) --- clockwise(顺时针方向) |
| other(其他的) --- otherwise(在其他方面) |
Copyright © 2019-2025 51dongshi.net 版权所有
违法及侵权请联系：TEL:177 7030 7066 E-MAIL:11247931@qq.com 本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务
