雅思写作逻辑关系用法汇总

（一）并列句

And;not only…but also;neither…nor

or;either…or

but

for

需要用分号的：

转折However,nevertheless,nonetheless,still

结果Therefore,thus,as a result,consequently,accordingly

对比Insteat,in contrast,on the contrary

同时At the same time,meanwhile,in the meantime

举例For example,for instance,for one,

递进Besides,moreover,furthermore,in addition,on the other hand,similarly,accordingly

（二）主从复合句

时间；地点；条件；让步；因果；目的；结果；比较；方式+定语从句

（三）两者结合，按修辞和逻辑划分

A因果关系：

1.表原因because;As/since;for+句子

In(that)/now(that)/seeing(that)/considering(that)

due to/owing to/because of/as a result of/as a consequence of+单词

in view of/in light of/given(后名词从句皆可)+名词鉴于...考虑到

by virtue of通过…

The practices of environmental protection and wildlife preservation are a luxury for developing countries as people in these countries cannot afford food and clothing.

Since we cannot experience everything all by ourselves,we also acquire knowledge by reading books,magazines and newspapers.

Large number of animals and plants are being threatened with extinction,mainly as a consequence of human activities.

In view of/given/in light of the increasing uncertainty in the economy,the company has opted for downsizing.

She succeeded by virtue of her tenacity rather than her talent.

2.表结果hence/thus/therefore（句首句中）句中用分号

As a consequence/as a result/consequently常用句首后用逗号

So…that

In many countries,minors can have access to sexual materials;therefore,providing the children moral guidance is the best solution.

In many countries,minors can have access to sexual materials.Consequently,providing the children moral guidance is the best solution.3.表目的thereby+doing以达到…为目的(no句首)

for the sake of=for the purpose of helping/improving为了提高/有助于…

The government should encourage public’s awareness of environmental preservation thereby promoting the sustainable and creating a new livable environment

Many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the sake of their health

B举例关系

For example/for instance/such as例如（列举）

Take/consider…for example以…为例

…is a case in point…是一个比较恰当的例子

This point can be best illustrated with the example of此观点可以用…的例子证明

This point can be confirmed by the example of此观点可以被…例子支持

Several studies indicate that te death penalty does not exert positive influence on crime reduction;for example,murder rates generally increase or remain the same after capital punishment is abolished.

Sometimes the value of a gift cannot be measured by money,such as a handmade key chain or a little souvenir from a overseas trip.

C类比/对比

类比递进

Similarly，…/likewise，…/accordingly…类似地（句首）

表递进:Besides/moreover/furthermore/what’s more/in addition此外….

（On the one hand）…on the other hand一方面来讲…另一方面来讲….

By the same token,…同理（老词当道）

The same is true of…这对…也适用

Similarly,students who have to cope with intense peer pressure may have a hard time concentrating on their academic subjects.

Some people have little power to do good.Likewise,they have little strength to resist evil.

Some people have little power to do good,and likewise have little strength to resist evil.

On the one hand,moving large companies to the countryside may reduce the tax revenue of city government.On the other hand,this measure can effectively relieve the pressure on the urban transit system.

Moving large companies to the countryside may reduce the tax revenue of city government. Moreover/in addition,this measure can effectively relieve the pressure on the urban transit system.

对比(转折)While/whilst/whereas然而

By/in contrast相比之下(前后都对，但表示对比)

On the contrary相反（表示后否定前相当于instead）

Contrary to A，B….和A相反，B…

Rather than…/instead of…而不是

转折but however nonetheless nevertheless(分号逗号)但是

This is based on the belief that identical twins share all the same genes whereas all the fraternal twins share only half the same genes.

The weather won't get any better.On the contrary,we are in for a hurricane.

Contrary to all the experts’expectations,the American economy took a nosedive.

Internet access is very useful for looking up information;however,a student is highly likely to find indecent materials on the internet.

D让步

Though although

Even though对已经存在的情况让步

Even if对还没发生的事情让步

Despite/in spite of+名词

in spite of the fact that+从句

Regardless of不管+名词/名词性

Granted,…诚然…

Admittedly…+however/but/even so诚然…但是…

However+adj+N+（be）=no matter how+adj+N+be

No matter wh-/how

Though man is the dominant species on the planet,all species enjoy the same right to survive. Even though most technology has been designed for good purposes,it can also be used for evil. Even if animal welfare is a reasonable concern,talking of animal“right”is extreme.

Granted,these problems are minor at this point.But they do have potential to develop into major headaches.

No matter how good zoo-keepers’intentions are,animals in zoos suffer.

However good zoo keepers(are),animals in zoos suffer.

E假设关系

If/unlessAs/so long as

Provided/providing（that）

Suppose(that)

On condition that

The ecological balance will be broken unless the wildlife is protected.

Provided that t he animals do not suffer,there seems little reason why zoos should be condemned

As long as animals are treated well in zoos,there is no reason why conservation,education and entertainment should not be combined in zoos.

F限定关系：

In terms of就…而言从…的意义上来讲

As for…谈起…

when it comes to谈到…

regarding/concerning/with respect to/with regard to关于

we all differ in terms of what we find funny,but we are all the same in terms of our interest to listen to amusing things.

G修饰关系（定语从句）

That who which why（the reason/reasons）

对不能抵抗的动物进行试验是不人道的

Resist morally wrong/inhuman

家长必须教育孩子不要模仿某些事负面榜样的明星

Imitate,negative role model

不成熟的明星容易盲从并误入歧途

Follow like sheep,go astray

众所周知，安乐死是让病人和他们家人迅速摆脱痛苦的方法。

Euthanasia.get rid of

在家庭和工作之间找平衡的职业妇女会感到进退两难。

Career women,dilemma

第三节课：主语从句非谓语

（一）主语从句经典句型

1.it is+名词+that句型

It is a fact that

It is an honor that

It is common knowledge that

It is a common(my)belief thatIt is no wonder thatt

It is a miracle/wonder that

It is an unavoidable task that the young generations conserve and promote their national historical and culture heritages.

It is a wonder that the unique culture identity of this tribe is intact in spite of the wave of culture globalization.

It is a common belief that language is the vehicle of culture,so killing a language is killing a culture.

2..it is+形容词+that句型

It is obvious that

It is fortune that

It is strange that

It is noticeable that

It is desirable that

It is imperative that

It is ridiculous that

It is likely that

Astonishing;amazing;surprising;advisable;appropriate;crucial;vital;essential;important;imperative; urgent;keen;desirable;necessary;natural;normal;odd;proper;preferable;strange;sorry;shocked;unus ual.要用相对虚拟。

体会It is important for sb to do st

To do sth is important

It is important that sb should do

It is evident that fewer and fewer children in Guangzhou can speak authentic Cantonese.

It is vital that a nation should preserve its culture heritage/relics and supports new ideas.

3..it is+过去分词+that句型

It is reproted that

It is generally/commonly believed/held/thought that

It is esitmated that

It is universally acknowledged that

It must be pointed out that

It cannot be denied that

It should be noted that

It has been proved that

It has been proved that TV presents children with a distorted definition of reality.

It must be pointed out that English globalization will result in one homogenous world where liguistic diversity suffers4..it is+不及物动词+that句型

It seems that似乎

It follows that因此…由此可见…

It happens that碰巧

It turns out that结果证明是

It comes about that结果是

It goes without saying that cultural tourism can go a long way in the promotion of world peace and understanding.

It seems that the development of tourism can promote cross-culture communication and conserve natural and cultural heritage.

5.强调句：It is+强调部分+that+剩余部分

例句：

It is not only ecosystems that are damaged by the pressure of tourism,but also ancient monuments or hreitage sites(古迹).

It is TV that can be used to educate and entertain people of all ages.

其他名词性从句

Whether young people should be encouraged to wear traditional costumes has been an issue of controversy.

Whether traditions drserve preserving has sparked a heated discussion in our community of late

The past20years have witnessed that the traditional Chinese food has undergone drastic changes

Proponents contend that(支持者认为)it is imperative for he government to preserve the disappearing minority languages and cultures.

There arises a heated debate over whether old buildings in urban areas should be demolished for urban expansion.

The public should be aware that the variety of traditional dresses which they wear reflects cultural diversity.

This is why TV commercials are regarded as rubbish.

The reason why the government should fund artists and drama companies is that their works greatly enhance the quality of life.

一般情况下公式为：抽象名词+that+从句

抽象名词一般为：news,idea,fact,doubt,evidence,promise,rumor,hope,truth,belief,message.

After weighing both the advantages and disadvantages carefully,we have come to the conclusion safely that there is no point in spending large amounts of taxpayers’money on cultural protection.Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.