
| 高中英语总复习“同位语从句”完整教案 | |||
| 适用学科 | 高中英语 | 适用年级 | 高三年级 |
| 适用区域 | 人教版 | 课时时长(分钟) | 60分钟(一对一)/(班组) |
| 知识点 | 1.同位语从句的概念 2.同位语从句的引导词 3.同位语从句与定语从句的区分 4.同位语从句中应该注意的考点 | ||
| 教学目标 | 让学生了解同位语从句的考点,能够准确判断表语从句的引导词 | ||
| 教学重点 | 1.同位语从句的引导词 2.同位语从句与定语从句的区分 | ||
| 教学难点 | 准确判断同位语从句的引导词 | ||
一、 课堂导入: 教师读句子,让学生跟读:
1、They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.
2、We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
3、I have not idea when Chaplin’s film will be on again.
4、The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.
5、Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open the letter until 2 o’clock.
二、复习预习
回顾复习上节课所授内容,针对上节课的试题进行讲评、订正、答疑,并根据学生实际情况进行分析讲解,利用上面句子导入本节课所要学习的同位语从句的知识点。
三、知识讲解
知识点1 :同位语从句的概念
1、复习同位语的涵义
同位语(the Appositive),是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,解释说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。例如:
(1) Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (名词)
(2) I myself will do the experiment. (代词)
(3) She is the oldest among them six. (数词)
(4) My sister, a beautiful and sweet girl, will get married tomorrow. (名词性短语)
2、同位语从句的概念
同位语是指对先行词起进一步解释说明的成分,如果这个同位语由一个从句来充当,则该从句就称之为同位语从句。在同位语从句中,需要使用陈述句语序。
如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new teacher is true.
注意: 同位语从句的先行词一般都是表示抽象概念的名词,如:reason, excuse, question, problem, idea, fact, story, promise, truth, suggestion, advice, request, news ,order, reply, thought等。
如:He has given me a promise that he will spent the summer holiday with me.
知识点2:同位语从句的引导词
连词:that,whether
连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which
连接副词when, where, how, why
注意:if不可以引导同位语从句。
1、 由that引导的同位语从句
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 由whether引导的同位语从句
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3、由连接代词引导的同位语从句
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
4、由连接副词引导的同位语从句
I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!
知识点3:同位语从句与定语从句的区分
The news that he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句)
The news that our team has won is true. (同位语从句)
在以上两句中,名词都是the news,其后的系表结构也都是is true,但that所引导的从句却截然不同。很明显,在第一句中,从句that he told me对the news起修饰限定作用,且that在从句中充当宾语,所以这个从句是定语从句;而第二句则不然,that our team has won起解释说明the news的具体内容的作用,且that在从句中不充当成分,因此这个从句是同位语从句。
1、意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:
We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)
2、引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
3、引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
知识点4:同位语从句中应该注意的考点
当同位语从句解释说明的名词是表示建议、命令的词(如suggestion, proposal, order, demand等)时,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为(should)+动词原形,should可以省略:
如: He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.
The suggestion that we (should) develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
【2016年天津卷】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。同位语从句解释说明suggestion的内容,而且从句成分和句意完整,故用that引导,不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。
【例题2】
【2014年重庆卷】12. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
A. when B. why C. that D. how
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:Mike放弃了最心仪的耶鲁大学,令人百思不解。根据句意可知从句缺少原因状语,故用where引导同位语从句。
【例题3】
【2012年江苏卷】27. The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:下午两点通知到了会议将被推迟。that引导同位语从句解释说明notice的内容,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.The question came up at the meeting ________ we had enough money for our research.
A.whether B.that C.which D.what
【答案】A
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:在会议上,是否有足够的资金能够用于研究的问题被提出。whether“是否”引导同位语从句解释说明the question的内容。
2.His promise ________ he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie,________ made the public feel cheated.
A.which;what B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意为:他把年收入的一半捐赠给残疾人的诺言最后变成了一个谎言,这使公众感觉被骗了。第一空that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容。第二空which引导非性定语从句,代替前面的整个句子。
3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need ________.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving
【答案】A
【解析】考查同位语从句。去掉空格前的involved in the popularity of private cars可知空格前的名词problem后的从句为同位语从句,that引导同位语从句解释说明problem的内容。第二空谓语need需用to be done或doing形式表被动关系,故选A。
4、Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:现代科学已经提供了明确的证据,吸烟能引发多种疾病。that引导同位语从句
解释说明evidence 的具体内容,that在从句中不充当成分,不能省略。
【巩固】
1、Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. where C. because D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句解释说明reason的具体内容,that在从句中不充当成分,不能省略。
2、Nobody would stand out admitting the fact,for some reason,________ they lost the game.
A.that B.which C.what D.why
【答案】A
【解析】考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句解释说明the fact的具体内容,that在从句中不充当成分,不能省略。
3、A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s
birthday.
A.if B.when C.that D.which
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句解释说明a warm thought的具体内容。that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
4、When the news came ________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
A. since B. which C. that D. because
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句解释说明the news的具体内容。that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
【拔高】
1、Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ________ the party is to be held?
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:你知道聚会在哪里举行吗?从句________the party is to be held作idea的同位语,
根据句意从句中缺少地点状语,故选择D。
2、News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。从句________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University作News的同位语,且从句中不缺少任何成分,用that引导。
3、The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。从句________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years作fact的同位语,不缺
少任何成分,用that引导。
课程小结
本节课主要围绕同位语从句的四大考点进行讲解,即:
1、同位语从句的概念 2、同位语从句的引导词
3、同位语从句与定语从句的区分 4、同位语从句中应该注意的考点
课后作业
【基础】
1、Along with the letter was his promise ________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:和信一块邮寄的还有他的许诺:这个圣诞节他要来看我。that引导同位语从句解释说明his promise的具体内容。that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
2、I can't stand the terrible noise ________ she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句解释说明the terrible noise的具体内容。that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
3、The news ________ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:他被绑架的消息使我们很吃惊。that引导同位语从句解释说明the news的具体内容。that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
4、I have no idea ________ the journalist could have got his information from.
A.that B.why C.which D.where
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句。语意为:我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息。根据句意可知此处应用where引导同位语从句,解释idea的具体内容。
5、There’s no doubt ________ 2013 will bring more change when the world economy is still unclear.
A.what B.that C.how D.where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。语意为:在世界经济还不明朗时,毫无疑问2013年将会有更多的变化。There is no doubt that…毫无疑问的是,固定句型,that引导同位语从句。
【巩固】
1、The problem will appear ________ a different welfare system will be created.
A.unless B.whether C.until D.if
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:是否创立一个不同的社会福利体系这个问题将会出现。这是一个分隔式的同位语从句,根据句意可知用whether来引导同位语从句,表示“是否”,解释说明the problem的具体内容。if一般不引导同位语从句,故排除D项。
2、It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea ________ they must love study.
A.which B.what C.whether D.that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:很难让热爱学习这个观念深入学生的内心。同位语从句不缺少成分,因此用that引导,解释说明idea的具体内容。
3、Word came ________ a gas explosion in a gold mine in Northeast China had killed a few miners,________ shocked everyone.
A.that;it B.where;that C.that;which D.when;it
【答案】C
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:有消息说,在东北部的矿难中有数名矿工遇难。that引导同位语从句解释说明word的具体内容,从句不缺少成分;第二空引导非性定语从句修饰前面的整个句子,故用which。
【拔高】
1、Up to now,I haven't got any idea ________we should go on with the project.
A.that B.whether C.what D.which
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句中的“I haven't got any idea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程,故用whether引导同位语从句,解释说明idea的具体内容。that只起连接作用,没有任何意义,故排除。
2、It's not necessary to explain the truth ________ there is spring wind,there is green grass.
A.which wherever B.that which C.which when D.that wherever
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:只要是春风吹到的地方就有青草,这是一个不需要解释的真理。the truth后面所跟的从句是说明其内容的同位语从句,用that引导,同位语从句中又包含一个wherever引导的状语从句。
3、 —It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story,believe it or not, ________we got lost on a rainy night.
A.which B.that C.what D.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意为:我还记得我们在一个雨夜迷路的事情。从句解释说明the story的具体内容,不缺少成分,故用that引导。
