
题型有:1. Listening Comprehension
Section One:Listening Comprehension
听力原文:Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and his psychology professor(P).S: Thanks for meeting with me, Professor Davis. I really enjoy your class. It even got me thinking of changing my major to psychology.P: I think you’d be a good fit. You’re always full of insightful questions and actually, I didn’t see you at the informational meeting for the psychology club, but I think it’s something you’d enjoy.S: Well, I wanted to go, but I had a study group for another class. The club sounds great: lectures from people in the fields, volunteering opportunities. It all seems really useful.P: Yes, it’s a valuable experience and fun. When I was a student, unlike some other fields, psychology’s such a broad field. What clubs like these offer—the events, lectures, internship opportunities—they helped me find a focus when I was in school, and that’s why I offered to be the club advisor. And you know, we’re meeting tonight. A few students will be talking about their summer internships.S: I’d love to go, especially if I decide to major in psych, but I have another study group tonight for our class actually. We’re going over the nerve pathways of the brain, and we’re going to talk about the research essay.P: Good idea. The first paper is always a little daunting.S: Exactly, especially since... well, that’s why I’m here actually. We’ve covered so much like the background on brain anatomy, the case studies, and articles on decision-making and problem solving, so I’m wondering how to approach this.P: Well, look to the central task: a case study, an analysis of a particular psychological process. Use that as a basis to organize what you’ve learned about the biological basis of behavior. You have to demonstrate that you can connect all the information we’ve covered in class. Use it to draw conclusions about that psychological process.S: But surely, different people could come up with different conclusions?P: Yes, but if your analysis makes sense and incorporates what we’ve learned in class, you’ll get credit. I know it’s tough, but do you remember what we were saying in class about experts and novices?S: Well, experts recognize patterns in information, right, where novices might just see random details, so experts can solve problems faster.P: Yes, and to be able to do that, experts have to go through a lot of trial and error to hone their skills.S: They couldn’t see those patterns without all of the experience of connecting the information.P: You said it, so consider this an exercise.S: It’s like in that article you had us read about that experiment, about the physics problem in Newton’s Laws of Motion.P: Right, the difference in how experts and novices approach the problem.S: Yeah, it was interesting to see that novices tried to solve it by recalling equations, like plugging numbers into equations, formulas and the like. You see, experts, on the other hand, they would first think about the major principles like Newton’s Laws and how and why those laws applied to the physics problem.
1. Why does the student go to see the professor?
A.To get information about a class requirement
B.To learn about possible internship opportunities
C.To ask about an upcoming meeting of the psychology club
D.To find out the process for changing his major field study
正确答案:A
解析:目的主旨题。线索词为学生所说:…that’s why I’m here actually.We’ve covered so much like the background on brain anatomy,the case studies,and articles on decision-making and problem solving,so I’m wondering how to approach this.在本篇对话中,学生特来请教心理学教授如何撰写研究论文。B和C选项错误原因一致。实习机会和俱乐部会议均是教授提及内容,学生起初并不知晓。D选项错误,因为原文未提及转专业的具体程序。一般而言,目的主旨题的答案都在双方寒暄之后提出。针对这种情况,建议大家还是要找好表达意图的关键词,例如:considering,think about,wondering,like to等等,通过关键词位置来判定到底哪一句话表达了对话的意图。
2. What does the professor say about her experience as a student in the psychology club?
A.It prepared her to better understand her future students.
B.It helped her to see the connection between psychology and other fields of study.
C.It helped her to obtain a summer internship.
D.It helped her to narrow down her interest in psychology.
正确答案:D
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:When I was a student,unlike some other fields,psychology’s such a broad field.What clubs like these offer—the events,lectures,internship opportunities—they helped me find a focus when I was in school…如原文所述,心理学俱乐部帮助她找到了研究方向和重心。A选项属原文未提及内容。B选项错误,原文仅将心理学和其他研究领域进行了简单对比,且该比较内容属教授本就知晓的信息,并不是俱乐部帮助她获取的。C选项错误,因为暑期实习机会是其他学生得到的。
3. Why does the professor mention experts and novices?
A.To describe the progression of classes for a psychology major
B.To explain a case study that was not discussed in class
C.To clarify the purpose of the research paper
D.To point out the flaws in a research paper
正确答案:C
解析:组织结构题。线索词为学生所说:Well,experts recognize patterns in information,right,where novices might just see random details,so experts can solve problems faster.以及教授的肯定:Yes,and to be able to do that,experts have to go through a lot of trial and error to hone their skills.教授提及专家和新手的目的是:建议学生把写论文当作一次磨练技能的机会。A选项错误,因为原文未提及心理学专业的课程安排。B选项与原文相悖,对话中涉及的案例研究均在课堂上有过讨论。D选项错误,因为原文未提及学生研究论文中存在的缺陷。
4. What point does the student make when he talks about an experiment concerning Newton’s Laws of Motion?
A.Experts begin problem solving by making use of broad principles.
B.Experts tend to employ creative methods to recall details.
C.Novices are sometimes better than experts at recognizing fundamental principles.
D.Novices’ difficulty in solving equations affects their understanding of abstract concepts.
正确答案:A
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:You See,experts,on the other hand,they would first think about the major pnnciples like Newton’s Laws and how and why those laws applied to the physics problem.如原文所述,专家在解决问题时首先会想到问题蕴含的主要原理。B选项错误。首先,创新性方法属原文未提及内容;其次,回忆细节属新手解决问题的方式。C选项与原文相悖。在识别基本原则方面,专家比新手更擅长。D选项错误,因为文中未提及新手在解方程时会遇到的困难。
5. Listen again to part of the conversation, then answer the following question. Why does the student say this?
A.To admit that experience has helped him more than he thought
B.To confirm that he understands the professor’s point
C.To politely express disagreement with the professor
D.To point out a possible error in an experiment
正确答案:B
解析:表意功能题。线索词为教授所说:You said it.学生提及文章中的实验是为了确认他理解教授的观点——专家和新手解决问题的不同之处,教授给予了肯定。A选项属比较逻辑关系未提及。C选项与原文相悖。结合上下文语境可得出,学生同意教授的观点。D选项错误,因为原文未提及实验中可能存在的错误。
听力原文:Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.Professor: Ok, the collection of Moon rocks that astronauts brought back to Earth in the early 1970s has provided us with a lot of information about the nature of the Moon, but there’s one thing about the rocks that has especially puzzled scientists ever since these missions: why did so many of them have a magnetic signature, evidence of having been magnetized in the past? After all, we know the Moon, unlike Earth, has no magnetic field today. Well, let’s back up a bit here and discuss Earth’s magnetic field. It’s explained by the dynamo theory. The dynamo theory explains how Earth generates a long-lived global magnetic field. Now, we know Earth has a molten, metallic core. That is, a core made up largely of hot, liquid iron. Well, as the warmer molecules of this iron liquid rise, the cooler portions sink in a circulatory motion. This circulating metallic liquid inside Earth along with the rotation of the Earth creates electric currents, and these electric currents, in turn, create Earth’s magnetic field. A molten core that generates a magnetic field is a dynamo, and the action of this dynamo magnetizes rocks on Earth, but the Moon doesn’t have a magnetic field now, and scientists have long believed that it has never had one. Why? Well, we know that the Moon is cold and it was also thought that the Moon was too small to have had a molten core, so it came as a big surprise when astronauts returned with rock samples that had been magnetized. Well, ever since those early missions, scientists have been debating the answer to this question. Some scientists believe that the shock of the impact of meteorites and asteroids left a magnetic signature on the Moon rocks. As we know, 3.9 billion years ago, relatively soon after the Moon formed, it underwent a period of heavy meteorite and asteroid bombardment. The scientists thought it was the impacts during this period of bombardment that shocked or altered many of the Moon rocks and left a magnetic signature on them. Other scientists, however, have theorized that at one time, soon after the Moon formed, it could in fact have had a molten core and a magnetic field like Earth does, and that it was this, not meteor strikes, that was the source of the magnetic signatures on the Moon rocks. So who’s right? Well, the very detailed recent analysis of a particular Moon rock known as “the Trocto” may have finally helped to shed some light on this debate. The Trocto is made of troctolite, a combination of minerals that crystallized very early in the Moon’s history, and I mean very early. This rock is about 4.3 billion years old and the magnetic signature found on Trocto was very different than the signature on other rocks. It suggests that the rock spent a very long period in a magnetic environment, millions of years. You see, magnetization from a meteorite generates a short-lived magnetic field, which results in a certain magnetic signature, and the Trocto just doesn’t show that. In laboratory tests, scientists found it had been exposed to two stable and intense magnetic events, each followed by a long cooling period. The first event, the one we’re most interested in, occurred about 4.2 billion years ago, about 300 million years after the Moon formed, the time when the Moon would most likely have a liquid metallic core. And because of the prolonged nature of the magnetic event, scientists speculate that it was caused by a magnetic field generated by a molten metallic core and not a meteor strike, so even if Trocto had been subjected to that later bombardment that occurred 3.9 billion years ago, it’s not the source of the magnetization that scientists found. Well, this lunar dynamo theory certainly is very appealing to many of us. For one thing, we’ve been trying to explain the origin of the Moon for a long time, and this theory fits very nicely with the most widely accepted hypothesis of the Moon’s origin, the Giant Impact Hypothesis. The Giant Impact Hypothesis also allows for the possibility that the Moon had a small molten core. We’ll explore that theory and other ways the two theories give in a few minutes. Now, admittedly, having only one lunar rock as evidence isn’t enough for a lot of scientists, but it’s a good start.
6. What is the lecture mainly about?
A.Competing theories about the origin of the Moon
B.The differences between two recently analyzed Moon rocks
C.The effect of Earth’s magnetic field on rock samples from the Moon
D.Evidence of how some rocks on the Moon became magnetized
正确答案:D
解析:内容主旨题。线索词为教授所说:...but there’s one thing about the rocks that has especially puzzled scientists ever since these missions:why did so many of them have a magnetic signature…本篇讲座主要探究月球上许多岩石具有磁性特征的原因。A选项错误,因为原文仅提及一个有关月球起源的理论,且仅为细节。B选项错误,因为原文仅提及一个最近被分析的岩石。C选项错误,原文确有提及地球磁场,但并未提及地球磁场会对月球岩石样本产生何种影响。
7. According to the dynamo theory, what two processes contribute to the creation of Earth’s magnetic field? Click on 2 answers.
A.Circulating molten iron in Earth’s core
B.The Earth’s rotation
C.An intense magnetic event at the time Earth formed
D.The impact of meteorites on Earth’s surface
正确答案:A,B
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:This circulating metallic liquid inside Earth along with the rotation of the Earth creates electric currents,and these electric currents,in turn,create Earth’s magnetic field.如原文所述,地球内部循环的液态金属和地球自转会促成地球磁场的产生。C和D选项错误原因一致。强烈的磁场活动和陨石的冲击均在解释月球上许多岩石为何具有磁性特征。
8. Why does the professor mention the Moon’s size?
A.To explain why scientists believed the Moon could never have had a molten core
B.To explain why scientists believed the Moon and Earth’s core were formed through similar processes
C.To explain how scientists determined the composition of the Moon
D.To explain how scientists determined when the Moon was formed
正确答案:A
解析:组织结构题。线索词为教授所说:Well,we know that the Moon is cold and it was also thought that the Moon was too small to have had a molten core…教授提及月球大小是为了解释为什么月球不可能有一个液态内核。B选项错误,地球拥有液态内核,而根据月球大小判定月球没有类似的内核。C和D选项错误原因一致,原文未提及通过月球大小可判定其组成成分和形成时间。
9. Why does the professor discuss meteorites and asteroids?
A.To explain unusual geologic formations on some parts of the Moon
B.To explain how the Moon could have generated a dynamo
C.To explain how some scientists thought lunar rocks became magnetized
D.To provide details of how the Moon was formed
正确答案:C
解析:组织结构题。线索词为教授所说:Some scientists believe that the shock of the impact of meteorites and asteroids left a magnetic signature on the Moon rocks.如原文所述,一些科学家认为陨石和小行星撞击时带来的冲击力导致月球上许多岩石具有磁性。教授提及陨石和小行星是为了解释一些科学家持有的观点。A选项错误,因为原文未提及月球上不寻常的地质构造(比如:断层、褶皱等)。B选项中的dynamo(发电机理论)与题干中的meteorites and asteroids不属于因果逻辑关系,两者分属于两个相悖的理论。D选项错误,因为原文未详细解释过月球是如何形成的。而且,陨石和小行星与月球岩石的磁性有关,而与月球形成无关。
10. What did scientists learn about the Trocto?
A.It was probably not formed through the solidification of molten iron.
B.It was most likely magnetized by an impact with a large object.
C.It is the youngest Moon rock collected to date.
D.It had been in a magnetic environment for millions of years.
正确答案:D
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:It suggests that the rock spent a very long period in a magnetic environment,millions of years.如原文所述,Trocto(月球岩石)在数百万年间一直处于磁场环境中。A选项错误,因为原文未提及Trocto的形成原因。B选项错误,以原文为据,Trocto具有磁性特征的原因很有可能是具有熔融金属内核的月球产生的磁场,而非陨石和小行星的撞击。C选项错误,因为原文未提及最高级youngest。
11. What is the professor’s opinion of the lunar dynamo theory?
A.He thinks it contradicts a widely accepted hypothesis regarding the Moon’s origin.
B.He believes there is enough evidence to justify further research.
C.He believes it should be accepted by all scientists.
D.He is concerned that it does not explain irregularities in some Moon rocks.
正确答案:B
解析:态度题。线索词为教授所说:Now,admittedly,having only one lunar rock as evidence isn’t enough for a lot of scientists,but it’s a good start.教授认为尽管对于许多科学家来说只有一块月球岩石作为证据是不够的,但这是一个好的开始。由此可知,教授支持开展进一步的研究。A选项与原文相悖。月球发电机理论与最广为接受的月球起源假说相吻合。C选项表述过于绝对,教授并未表明所有科学家都应接受月球发电机理论。D选项错误,对于月球发电机理论,教授是偏向支持态度的,并未有担忧的态度。而且,文中未提及一些月球岩石的不规则性。
听力原文:Listen to part of a lecture in a philosophy class.Professor: Today let’s explore two important philosophical concepts. They are two basically different ways of looking at things that have wide ranging influence on many disciplines like psychology, sociology, and animal behavior, and these approaches actually guide the way scientists do their research. You might have guessed I’m referring to holism and reductionism. That’s holism—focusing on how an entity functions as a unit—and reductionism—reducing the whole to its parts. Suppose you’re looking at an ant colony, and the ant colony would be the whole, the whole system as it were and the ants are the part, with each individual ant representing the smallest part of that system. Reductionism is the belief that the workings of the system, any system, can be understood through an understanding of its smallest parts, how those parts work individually and also, the way any particular part interacts with another part. So in the case of the ant colony, a reductionist would investigate the behavior of individual ants within the colony and the way they interact with other ants in that colony. From that they would make generalizations about the behavior of the colony as a whole. Let’s take food for example. When an ant finds food, it takes that food back to the nest, and on its way back, it secretes a chemical, which leaves a trail that can be detected by other ants. In this way, it communicates about the location of food, and this behavior..., this communication describes an important way in which ants in a colony interact. To the extent we can understand the rule governing this behavior of that smallest part, the individual, then we can generalize about the behavior of larger groups of ants: following trails, finding food, leaving more trails, and so on. Eventually, we’ll understand the behavior of the entire colony and then, and this is an important part of the reductionist approach, we can predict what will happen in that colony. Now, on the other hand, a holist believes that a system cannot really be understood by just understanding how the parts function. In other words, an old saying you might have heard before, “the whole is more than the sum of its parts.” So when looking at an ant colony, the holist sees it from two perspectives: of the individual ant, and of the whole colony, because the behavior of the individual ants taken together has an impact on the colony as a whole, and the colony as a total system has an impact on the individual ants. You have to view the behavior of the colony as more than simply the total of the individual behaviors. One reason for looking at the behavior of the colony is that the colony as a whole seems to know what to do, to act for its own benefit in a way that any given individuals could not. The holist believes that the collective behavior of the colony as a whole cannot be traced to specific individuals. In animal behavior, we refer to this as “collective intelligence,” and it’s a good thing that ants have this collective intelligence because the individual ant is ill-suited to life outside the colony. So what’s an example of this collective intelligence? Well, sometimes the ants switch tasks, let’s say from taking care of the next generation to gathering food, and we don’t know exactly what triggers this behavior, but somehow they just know when more food gatherers are needed. There’s no leader in an ant colony, no one giving orders. And don’t confuse ant society with human society: there is a queen, but all she does is lay eggs. And of course, no single ant could possibly know how much food is needed in the whole colony, but somehow, as a group, they know to supply the colony with enough food. The most likely explanation for this is that it has something to do with chemical signals from ants in the colony.
12. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A.To explain the origins and development of holism
B.To explain the difference between holism and reductionism
C.To illustrate patterns of animal behavior
D.To explain why reductionism has replaced holism as a scientific method
正确答案:B
解析:目的主旨题。线索词为教授所说:Today let’s explore two important philosophical concepts.They are two basically different ways of looking at things…本篇讲座主要目的是区分两个哲学概念——holism(整体论)和reductionism(还原论)。 A选项错误,一是因为选项中仅提及一个概念,二是因为文中未提及整体论的起源和发展。C选项错误,因为动物行为模式属于解释两个概念的例子,即细节内容。D选项错误,因为原文没有还原论替代整体论一说。
13. According to the professor, what assumption might a reductionist make when analyzing ant colonies?
A.Small ant colonies are more efficient than large ones.
B.Individual ants know how much food the colony needs.
C.Each ant colony as a single entity acts in its own interest.
D.The colony’s behavior can be understood by analyzing individual ants’ behavior.
正确答案:D
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:So in the case of the ant colony,a reductionist would investigate the behavior of individual ants within the colony and the way they interact with other ants in that colony.From that they would make generalizations about the behavior of the colony as a whole.如原文所述,还原论者认为我们可以通过分析群体内个体蚂蚁的行为来理解整个群体的行为。A选项错误,因为文中未就大小蚁群的工作效率展开对比。B选项与原文相悖,个体蚂蚁不知道整个蚁群需要多少食物。而且,该选项所涉内容属于整体论的探讨范畴,并非还原论的。C选项错误原因同B选项的第二点错误原因。
14. What does the professor say about the way the ant communicates the location of food to one another?
A.It is an example of a behavior that supports only the holistic approach.
B.It is a behavior that scientists have not observed in other insect species.
C.It is an example of how reductionists predict group behavior.
D.It is a type of behavior that reductionists tend to ignore.
正确答案:C
解析:组织结构题。线索词为教授所说:To the extent we can understand the rule governing this behavior of that smallest part,the individual,then we can generalize about the behavior of larger groups of ants…教授以蚂蚁交流食物位置为例来论证上层主题,即还原论者通过分析群体内个体蚂蚁的行为来预测整个群体的行为。A选项错误,因为该动物行为支持还原论。B选项错误,因为原文未提及科学家是否能够在其他昆虫物种中观察到此行为。D选项与原文相悖,还原论者没有忽视该动物行为。
15. What does the professor imply about collective intelligence?
A.It is a phenomenon that occurs in few animal species.
B.It is a phenomenon that is well understood with regard to ant colonies.
C.It is an important factor in the reductionist analysis of ant colonies.
D.It is an important factor in ant survival.
正确答案:D
解析:推论题。线索词为教授所说:…and it’s a good thing that ants have this collective intelligence because the individual ant is ill-suited to life outside the colony.如原文所述,蚂蚁拥有集体智慧是件好事,因为个体蚂蚁无法脱离蚁群而独自生活。由此可推断,集体智慧是保障蚂蚁生存的一个重要因素。A选项错误,因为原文未提及是否很少有动物具备集体智慧。B选项与原文相悖,以原文为据,我们并不知道是什么触发蚁群的集体智慧,所以它并非一个容易理解的现象。C选项错误,因为集体智能属于整体论的探讨范畴,并非还原论的。
16. What misconception about ants does the professor believe the students might have?
A.The queen is the leader of the colony.
B.The task performed by an ant does not vary during its lifetime.
C.Ants must live in a colony to survive.
D.Ants have no way to communicate with one another.
正确答案:A
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:There’s no leader in an ant colony,no one giving orders.And don’t confuse ant society with human society:there is a queen,but all she does is lay eggs.如原文所述,教授担心学生会把人类社会与蚁群混为一谈,误认为蚁后是蚁群的领导者。B和D选项的确为错误信息,但并不是教授认为学生会误解的信息。C选项为原文正确信息,并非学生的误解内容。
17. What ant behavior does the professor mention that supports the holistic approach?
A.Ants switch from taking care of the nest to food-gathering.
B.Ants work together to protect the queen.
C.Ants from one colony find food in a different colony.
D.Ants imitate the behavior of the leader in the colony.
正确答案:A
解析:细节题。线索词为教授所说:Well,sometimes the ants switch tasks,let’s say from taking care of the next generation to gathering food…如原文所述,蚂蚁切换任务的能力属整体论中集体智慧的内容。B和C选项错误原因一致,原文未提及保护蚁后或去其他蚁群寻找食物。D选项与原文相悖,因为蚁群中没有领导者。
听力原文:Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and an employee (E) at the university’s theater.S: Hey! Everyone’s been telling me what a great lineup of plays you guys are presenting this season.E: Yeah, it’s going to be wonderful. I’m excited about it. Have you seen our production of Hamlet? We do it every year.S: No, I haven’t, but I want to. I also want to see A Streetcar Named Desire, but mainly I was wondering..., see, my parents are coming to visit the first weekend in November, and I’d like to treat them to enjoy something special.E: Well, you’re in luck. That’s when Hamlet opens, and if you’re interested in Streetcar as well, have you considered purchasing season tickets?S: Not really, but is there a discount if you buy season tickets? You know, is it cheaper than buying individual tickets for each show?E: It does come out to a few dollars cheaper per ticket, but there are other advantages. Season ticket holders are assigned the best seats, and they can buy extra tickets for individual performances before they go on sale to non-season ticket holders. Would you like to purchase season tickets for yourself and then buy extra tickets for your parents? The only catch is l can’t guarantee that the seats would be together, because season and individual ticket orders are processed separately.S: That’s not a problem, but I’m not sure if I want to do season tickets. How hard do you think it’d be to get tickets for the Hamlet performance, like if I came in next week? I need to confirm the date with my parents.E: Well, right now we’re selling season tickets only. If you want to buy tickets for the play only, individual tickets go on sale next month. You’ll be able to buy them here at the box office or order them through our Web site, but I’ll tell you, based on previous season’s sales for Hamlet, I wouldn’t wait too long to get the tickets once they go on sale. Also, I forgot to mention season ticket holders also get free admission to something new this season: pre-performance talks. The talks start an hour before each show and will be given by faculty in our drama department. The idea is to enhance the audience’s appreciation of the play they’re about to see. They’ll also serve some light refreshments. Regular ticket holders who want to attend will have to pay an extra fee.S: That’s a great selling point for season tickets.E: So does that mean you’d like to buy them?S: It would be great to go to all the performances, but realistically I don’t know if I can swing that.E: Sure, I understand. You’ve got plenty of time to decide about season tickets. In the meantime, why don’t you grab one of those flyers from the rack over there on your way out? It’s got a complete calendar of all our performances, matinee times, evening shows. There’s also details on single ticket prices, as well as season tickets and other package deals.
18. Why does the student go to the theater?
A.To find out which plays she might be able to take her parents to see
B.To ask if discounts are available for ticket packages
C.To buy season tickets
D.To buy tickets for a performance of Hamlet
正确答案:A
解析:目的主旨题。线索词为I was wondering,学生在对话开端部分说明了自己的来意:but mainly I was wondering…,see,my parents are coming to visit the first weekend in November,and I’d like to treat them to enjoy something special.即学生想要带父母来看演出,因此A选项是正确答案。工作人员劝说学生买季票,并详细陈述了季票的各项优点,但学生来剧院的目的并不是买季票或套票,因此B选项和C选项不正确。《哈姆雷特》是工作人员推荐学生带父母到时候来看的剧目,学生并非一开始打算来买《哈姆雷特》的票,因此D选项不正确。
19. What benefits of buying season tickets does the man mention? Click on 3 answers.
A.An opportunity to the actors after the performance
B.A discount on refreshments purchased at the theater
C.A price discount on every show
D.Seats with the best view of the stageE.A chance to buy extra tickets before they are on sale to the public
正确答案:C,D,E
解析:细节题。工作人员劝说学生买季票,并详细陈述了季票的各项优点:It does come out to a few dollars cheaper per ticket,but there are other advantages.Season ticket holders are assigned the best seats,and they can buy extra tickets for individual performances before they go on sale to non-season ticket holders.即1.单张票价更便宜,2.分配最佳座位,3.可在公开售票前购买额外门票,因此C选项、D选项、E选项是正确答案。此外,工作人员还提到季票顾客的一个福利:I forgot to mention season ticket holders also get free admission to something new this season:pre-performance talks.The talks start an hour before each show and will be given by faculty in our drama department.即能够参加表演前的访谈活动,并非表演后的活动,因此A选项是不正确。访谈活动中剧院会提供茶点,并非购买茶点有折扣,因此B选项不正确。
20. What does the man imply about the play Hamlet?
A.Tickets for it are more expensive than tickets for other plays.
B.Tickets to see it are likely to sell out quickly.
C.It will be performed on weekends only.
D.It has never been performed at the theater before.
正确答案:B
解析:推断题。工作人员劝说学生购买季票,因为普通门票非常难买:but I’ll tell you,based on previous season’s sales for Hamlet,I wouldn’t wait too long to get the tickets once they go on sale.即根据以往《哈姆雷特》的售票记录来看,一旦公开售票,门票很快就会售光,因此B选项是正确答案。工作人员并没有说明《哈姆雷特》的门票价格更高,也没有提到其只在周末表演,因此A选项和C选项不正确。根据工作人员以往售票记录的描述,可见《哈姆雷特》之前有演出过,因此D选项不正确。
21. What information does the man say is included on the flyer? Click on 2 answers.
A.Names of professors who will give performance talks
B.Performance times for the shows
C.A Rates for various ticket purchasing options
D.A seating chart for the theater
正确答案:B,C
解析:细节题。在对话的结尾部分,工作人员提议学生带传单回去看,并详细说明了传单的内容:It’s got a complete calendar of all our performances,matinee times,evening shows.即详细的演出时间表,因此B选项是正确答案。There’s also details on single ticket prices,as well as season tickets and other package deals.也有各种门票及其价格的清单,因此C选项是正确答案。该部分未提到海报罗列了参加访谈的教授名单,也未提到座位表的展示,因此A选项和D选项不正确。
22. Listen again to part of the conversation, then answer the question. What can be inferred about the student when she says this?
A.She will let her parents have the better seats.
B.She is ready to purchase season tickets.
C.She realizes that most seats have already been reserved.
D.She is not concerned about sitting apart from her parents.
正确答案:D
解析:推断题。工作人员告诉学生说季票观众和其他单独购票的座位是分开的,并劝说学生自己购买季票,学生表示不担心这个问题,即能接受和父母的座位分开,只是还不确定是否购买季票,因此D选项是正确答案。该部分未提到学生打算把更好的座位留给父母,因此A选项不正确。学生在是否购买季票上表示犹豫,因此B选项不正确。该部分并未体现大部分座位已被预定,因此C选项不正确。
听力原文:Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental engineering class.Professor: As you know, we have been discussing fossil fuels and the issues that the world is facing due to our finite supply of fossil fuels, like oil. Would anyone like to provide a quick summary of how oil is formed?Student 1: Well, dead plants and other organisms, they get buried under the earth, under the sea, and they get pushed deep underground by geological forces. Then they’re heated and pressurized and you get oil.Professor: Yes, and of course this process takes millions of years, today let’s consider the pros and cons of some alternative ways of making oil. Some of them use recycled waste products to create oil. That’s right, recycled garbage! The early efforts to create oil from waste resulted in the low quality oil that was not a serious alternative to natural crude oil, but there’s a newer process I want to start with. It’s called “thermal depolymerization.” With this process of thermal depolymerization, it only takes hours to create oil, and it’s a pretty decent quality. It uses water pressure and heat to convert organic material into a variety of useful products including crude oil, which can be refined into gasoline and other oil-derived products, and it doesn’t produce any polluting emissions.Student 2: Um...l think I remember from the article you assigned that thermal depolymerization can use both organic and inorganic waste as its source, right?Professor: Yes, and that’s another big improvement from earlier attempts. Waste products, almost any kind of waste, both organic and inorganic, can be used a source. For example, old tires, plastic bottles, even old household appliances. You chop up everything into tiny pieces, dump the stuff into a vat and then add water. Water is an important ingredient because it reduces the amount of heat needed, which increases the efficiency of the process. Remember, if the process isn’t efficient, you’ll end up using nearly as much energy to produce the oil as you’ll get from the oil itself and it won’t be a viable process.Student 1: Yeah, that wouldn’t make much sense.Professor: So after the waste and water are added to the vat, the mixture is ground into a pulp then the mixture is heated. Now, after that, and this is another feature that previous processes didn’t have, there are two reactor stages. In the first reactor stage, the mixture is cooked with heat and pressure for about an hour to break apart the molecules that the waste material is composed of. Then the excess water and minerals are removed. In the second reactor stage, the mixture is heated to 260 degrees Celsius and pressurized to 42 kilograms per square centimeter and in 20 minutes the process replicates what it takes nature thousands or even millions of years to do. There are several more steps, which we aren’t going to discuss shortly, but one point I do want to make relates to the efficiency of the process. Currently, the claim is that only 15% of the energy obtained is used to power the process and 85% of the energy is usable for other purposes. Not bad, huh?Student 2: But what about global warming and the greenhouse effect? I mean it would be great if we could recycle garbage into a useful product, but that useful product is oil, and as long as we continue to burn oil, we’ll continue to pollute the atmosphere with greenhouse gases containing carbon, So is this process really a win for the environment in the long run, or does it cause environmental damage?Professor: Well, I should mention that research on the thermal depolymerization process has received funding from environmental groups, but you raise a good point. Proponents of the process claim that we could eventually find enough sources of waste containing carbon to produce oil, so that we could eliminate the need for the traditional sources of oil completely, and therefore the only carbon that we’d use would already be above ground, thus making it a so-called “carbon neutral process.” But—and this is a very big—but it might be overly optimistic, and perhaps naive, to assume that oil created by the thermal depolymerization process will completely replace traditional oil. Not only that, if the price of oil were to go down over time, then the demand for oil might increase, and we’d actually end up using even more oil than we do now.
23. What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The difficulties in making a recycling process more efficient
B.A process for creating an environmentally safer oil
C.Environmental benefits of recycling oil
D.Reasons for obtaining new sources of oil
正确答案:A
解析:内容主旨题。教授讲授了因为化石燃料有限,科学家开始尝试利用废物垃圾来对新能源探索和利用,但无论是之前的尝试还是最新的热解聚技术都存在一定问题,因此A选项是正确答案。讲座中有提到寻求石油新来源的原因和环保油的创造过程,但均是部分内容而非讲座主旨,因此B选项和D选项不正确。讲座中介绍了将废物垃圾循环利用产生燃料,并非解释循环用油的环保效益,因此C选项不正确。
24. What does the professor imply about early attempts to convert waste materials into oil?
A.They were environmentally safer than the thermal depolymerization process.
B.The sources they used were too expensive to be practical.
C.They used too much water in their production process.
D.They were generally considered to be unsuccessful.
正确答案:D
解析:推断题。教授在提到利用废物垃圾来开发新能源的最早尝试时,说道:The early efforts to create oil from waste resulted in the low quality oil that was not a serious alternative to natural crude oil,即早期产油的品质过低因此无法替代原油,也就是说早期的尝试不够成功。因此D选项是正确答案。教授通过将早期技术和最新热解聚进行对比。突出新技术产油品质高、无污染物排放的优点,所以新技术更环保,因此A选项不正确。该部分未提到制油的来源昂贵所以不实用,因此B选项不正确。教授在讲授早期废物转化为燃料的过程中,未提到水源的作用。因此C选项不正确。
25. According to the professor, how does the “thermal depolymerization” differ from earlier process used to make fuel from waste? Click on 2 answers.
A.Only the thermal depolymerization process mimics the way Earth produces oil.
B.Only the thermal depolymerization process use products that contain carbon as a useful source.
C.Only the thermal depolymerization process can utilize both organic and inorganic waste as a source.
D.The thermal depolymerization process produces oil of a higher quality than earlier processes did.
正确答案:C,D
解析:细节题。教授通过将早期技术和最新热解聚进行对比,突出新技术产油各项优点:With this process of thermal depolymerization,it only takes hours to create oil,and it’s a pretty decent quality.即热解聚仅需几小时即可产生品质相当好的油,因此D选项是正确答案。此外,在确认学生的回答时教授也重申that’s another big improvement from earlier attempts.Waste products,almost any kind of waste,both organic and inorganic,can be used a source.即使用无机和有机废物作为原料,并得到教授的强烈肯定,因此C选项是正确答案。教授未提到热解聚制油是模仿地球产油的模式,因此A选项不正确。该部分未提到只有热解聚可以利用含碳产物来制油,因此B选项不正确。
26. According to the professor, what role does water play in the thermal depolymerization process?
A.It converts organic waste into liquid.
B.It reduces the amount of waste material that the process requires.
C.It reduces the amount of energy that the process requires.
D.It breaks apart materials at the molecular level.
正确答案:C
解析:细节题。线索词为“important”“because”,教授在解释水在热解聚制油过程中的重要作用时说Water is an important ingredient because it reduces the amount of heat needed,which increases the efficiency of the process.即水可以减少所需的热量,这大大提高了产油的效率。因此C选项是正确答案。该部分未提到水可以将有机废物转化为液体,因此A选项不正确。根据教授的介绍可以得知。水可以减少过程中所需的能量,并未提到减少所需的废物量,因此B选项不正确。该部分未提到水使废物分解到分子水平,因此D选项不正确。
27. Why does a student mention global warming and greenhouse gases?
A.To support the professor’s claim about problems with current levels of crude oil usage
B.To find out what the original motivation was for the development of thermal depolymerization
C.To point out an advantage of using inorganic waste to create crude oil
D.To raise a question about the potential environmental impact of thermal depolymerization
正确答案:D
解析:组织结构题。在陈述热解聚制油的优点后,学生提出了自己的质疑:But,what about global warming and the greenhouse effect?最后点明了其问题关键So is this process really a win for the environment in the long run,or does it cause environmental damage?所以学生是针对热解聚制油提出一种质疑,因此D选项是正确答案。教授在上文主要陈述了热解聚制油的流程和优点,并未提到其缺点,所以该部分不存在学生支持教授对于原油问题的陈述,因此A选项不正确。该部分未提到热解聚制油开发的最初动机。因此B选项不正确。该部分未提到使用无机物制油的优势,因此C选项不正确。
28. What is the professor’s opinion of the thermal depolymerization process becoming a carbon-neutral process?
A.He thinks it will not happen until environmental groups get involved.
B.He thinks it is not likely to occur in the near future.
C.He thinks it will happen only if the price of oil goes up.
D.He thinks that the amount of untapped oil underground makes a carbon -neutral process unnecessary.
正确答案:B
解析:态度题。线索词为but,热解聚制油技术的支持者认为,废物制油可以提供足够的燃油来取代传统燃料,而消耗这些新燃料将不会产生更多的碳(而燃烧石油会将地下的碳排放出来),即达到了“碳持平”(carbon neutral)。而教授则阐述了自己的观点:But一and this is a very big—but it might be overly optimistic,and perhaps naive,to assume that oil created by the thermal depolymerization process will completely replace traditional oil.Not only that,if the price of oil were to go down over time,then the demand for oil might increase,and we’d actually end up using even more oil than we do now.即“碳持平化过程”的说法太过乐观,此外油价降低也会促使燃油的需求比现在还要高,也就是教授其实是不同意支持者的说法,因此B选项是正确答案。根据教授的描述可知,环保组织已给这种研究资金支持,因此A选项不正确。油价问题只是教授态度的第二个理由,教授还认为热解聚制油技术支持者太乐观,即这种技术或许产能还达不到,因此C选项不全面。该部分未提到未开发的石油的地下储量,因此D选项不正确。
听力原文:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.Professor: If I asked you to name an ancient civilization from Peru, many of you might say the Incas, but let’s consider instead the impact of a mysterious culture from North Central Peru that thrived in a collection of valleys called the Norte Chico region. Archaeologists have been finding evidence that suggests that Norte Chico is a region where the early inhabitants of South America first began a pivotal transition from being hunters and gatherers and formed a complex and substantially developed society. This would be around 3,000 BCE, well before the Incas even existed. These sites were so advanced that nothing like them could be seen anywhere else in the Americas at the time. There’s no official name for the culture yet, but it seems that its architecture and developments had a profound influence on subsequent cultures in the Americas for thousands of years afterward. At each site, archaeologists have identified one or more enormous platform mounds, sort of like rectangular, terraced pyramids. Throughout the whole region, people were organized enough to plan and produce these large, terraced pyramids, something the Americas had never seen before, and each of the sites apparently served as a residential center, so people lived and worked there. It seems they were farmers. Now, this collection of over 20 residential centers is very exciting for a number of other reasons as well. For one thing, their existence has called into question a previous theory about how complex society emerged in the Americas. You see, in the 1970s and 80s archaeologists had examined the coastal site in Peru called Aspero. Aspero was one of the first of these sites in Norte Chico to be discovered and studied extensively. That was about 40 years ago. It’s directly on the coast and it has these same mounds dating from the same period, about 3,000 BCE. It is believed that Aspero was a fishing village, and based on this fact, archaeologist concluded that the first complex society was based on and sustained by ocean and marine resources without agriculture. They didn’t know yet though that Aspero was just one of many such sites in the region, and most of these other sites were inland, quite a distance away from the coast, but now we know that all these inland sites exist and that they were built around the same time. Another exiting thing about this recent research is that it calls into question some long held assumptions about how complex societies develop. You know when we work with any ancient society and consider its classification, a standard traditional hallmark used to classify the culture as complex is the presence of ceramic pottery. The other major birthplaces of complex civilization around the world like Egypt or Mesopotamia, they all had pottery, but did this mysterious civilization provide us with evidence of any ceramic pottery? The answer is no. This culture is unconventional in that respect. Researchers have also discovered botanical remains of domesticated plants, including cotton, squash, chilies, beans, and avocadoes, but interestingly they found almost no evidence of preserved corn or other grains. This means that this early culture developed not only without pottery, but also without a staple grain-based food, which is usually the first large-scale agricultural product of complex societies, so here again the ancient Peruvians took a different path to civilization. Additionally, in one specific archaeological site Caral, they uncovered artifacts called ‘quipu.’ Essentially, a quipu’s an intricate collection of hanging strings, cotton strings of many colors. Each quipu contains an elaborate combination of color and design that communicates meaning. Each one has a wide variety of special intricately tied knots. People transmitted information in this manner. There was meaning associated with the color selected, the knot used, the fiber chosen. There are even those that speculate it may have been a writing system. Interestingly, the 3000 inhabitants of this one particular city Caral, appear to have left. You may be asking why. Well, here’s what we know: there doesn’t appear to be any evidence of an invasion from outside enemy forces; there’s no sign of rebellion from the people who lived there. What we see instead is an orderly process whereby the occupants covered the buildings with substantial amounts of gravel and pebbles and then were gone.
29. What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The controversy surrounding a new method of archaeological research
B.The renovation of rectangular pyramids found in Peru
C.The influence of Incan culture on later Peruvian civilizations
D.The significance of archaeological findings in a region of Peru
正确答案:D
解析:内容主旨题。线索词为but,教授在开端部分就介绍了讲座的主要内容:If I asked you to name an ancient civilization from Peru,many of you might say the Incas,but let’s consider instead the impact of a mysterious culture from North Central Peru that thrived in a collection of valleys called the Norte Chico region.即讲座介绍了Norte Chico地区文化的影响,紧接着教授在后文继续介绍了该文化引发了考古学家对之前研究的思考,因此D选项是正确答案。讲座中未提到考古的新方法,因此A选项不正确。讲座中有提到在该地区发现长方形金字塔,但未提到对金字塔的翻新,因此B选项不正确。通过讲座的首句话可以得知,教授介绍的对象是Norte Chico地区的文化,并非印加文化,因此C选项不正确。
30. Why does the professor discuss the Aspero site in Peru?
A.To explain a belief about Peruvian history that was later challenged
B.To clarify which of the twenty residential centers in the Norte Chico region was the largest
C.To provide evidence of an ancient Peruvian culture’s knowledge of irrigation techniques
D.To point out that the Aspero pyramids are different from those found at other Norte Chico sites
正确答案:A
解析:组织结构题。教授提到居民点的发现意义非凡,紧接着介绍说:For one thing,their existence has called into question a previous theory about how complex society emerged in the Americas.即了之前关于社会出现复杂性的理论,紧接着教授举例说Aspero的研究发现恰恰验证了这一点,因此A选项是正确答案。讲座中教授未提到Aspero是其中最大的居住点,因此B选项不正确。该部分未提到秘鲁的灌溉技术,因此C选项不正确。教授有提到在遗址发现了金字塔,但未将该地区与其他地区的金字塔进行对比,因此D选项不正确。
31. What is the professor’s opinion about the current archaeological classification of the Norte Chico culture?
A.The failure of the culture to produce ceramic pottery indicates a lack of advancement.
B.More evidence is needed before the culture can be classified into one of the existing categories.
C.The culture should be considered complex in spite of the unusual way it developed.
D.The culture seems to have followed the pattern that is typical of other major ancient civilizations.
正确答案:C
解析:态度题。在讲座的前半部分,教授介绍该地区文化的地位:These sites were so advanced that nothing like them could be seen anywhereelse in the Americas at the time.即文化非常先进,且对后来几千年的美洲产生深远影响。在谈到使用传统方法来对文化遗址进行分类时,教授介绍道:a standard traditional hallmark used to classify the culture as complex is the presence of ceramic pottery. 即之前判断文化先进、复杂的标准是陶瓷的存在,而在该遗址完全没有发现陶瓷的证据。进而教授发表了自己的看法:This culture is unconventional in that respect.即从此来看,该地区文化与其他文化与众不同,因此C选项是正确答案。该部分未提及需补充证据来进行分类,因此B选项不正确。Norte Chico与埃及、美索不达米亚等地区的文化不同,在该地区未发现任何陶瓷的证据,因此文化与其他重要文明模式不同,D选项不正确。传统的观点认为陶瓷生产是先进文明的标志,但Norte Chico地区的发现推翻了之前的理论,因此A选项不正确。
32. According to the professor, what crop was NOT cultivated by the ancient inhabitants of the Norte Chico region?
A.Beans
B.Avocados
C.Chilies
D.Grains
正确答案:D
解析:细节题。线索词为but和interestingly,当谈到该地区研究发现时,教授介绍了对于遗留植物的研究:Researchers have also discovered botanical remains of domesticated plants,including cotton,squash,chilies,beans,and avocadoes,but interestingly they found almost no evidence of preserved corn or other grains.即最独特的是没有保存玉米和其他谷物的证据发现,因此D选项正确。根据教授的介绍可以得知,有豆类、牛油果、辣椒的遗迹发现,因此A、B、C选项不正确。
33. What does the professor imply about the significance of the quipu that were produced by the Norte Chico culture?
A.They suggest that early inhabitants of the region’s coastal areas used fishing nets.
B.They may constitute one of the earliest known forms of written communication.
C.They represent the culture’s first attempts at creating fabric.
D.They confirm the importance of cotton in the regional economy.
正确答案:B
解析:推断题。在介绍该地区挖掘的手工制品时,教授介绍道:There are even those that speculate it may have been a writing system.即在Caral地区发现的quipu是人们传递信息的交流方式,科学家甚至猜测其可能是一种文字系统,因此B选项是正确答案。教授介绍说不同颜色的结和纤维代表不同的含义,未提到有打鱼的用途,也未提到创造织物的目的,因此A选项和C选项不正确。根据植物遗存的发现可知,该地区并没有棉花的发现,因此D选项不正确。
34. What does the professor say about how the city of Caral came to an end?
A.The city’s inhabitants initiated a rebellion.
B.The city’s inhabitants abandoned the city in an organized manner.
C.People moved to the coast to have greater access to the ocean’s resources.
D.Outside enemy forces invaded the city.
正确答案:B
解析:细节题。线索词为instead。讲座的结尾部分提到大量居民离开导致Caral地区被遗弃,并当时的情况进行分析:What we see instead is an orderly process whereby the occupants covered the buildings with substantial amounts of gravel and pebbles and then were gone.即人们将碎石覆盖建筑物后有序离开,因此B选项是正确答案。在说明当时离开时的真实情况之前,教授首先否定了两种离开原因的说法:Well,here’s what we know:there doesn’t appear to be any evidence of an invasion from outside enemy forces;there’s no sign of rebellion from the people who lived there.即没有外部敌人的入侵、也没有反叛当地人的迹象,因此D选项和A选项不正确。该部分未提到人们离开的原因是搬至海边来获得更多的海洋资源,因此C选项不正确。
