
In-class Reading: The Misery of Shyness
Words and Phrases: accent acquaintance assurance/ assured circulate constant criticism eliminate esteem excessively inadequacy interpret isolate inferiority/ inferior numerous overcome reasonable dwell on in contrast set aside have sth. at heart
Sentences
1)Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds. (Line4-5)他们脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法。
2)It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. (Line 7) 显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。
3)Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. (Line 20) 害羞的人对批评非常敏感;他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。
4)It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. (Line 23) 显然,尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。
5)The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. (Line 74) 我们对自己了解得越多,就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。
After-class Reading Passage One: Two Ways of Looking at Life
Words and Phrases: attach confine convinced despair disagreement dismissal enduring misfortune optimist pessimist prediction undermine be apt to be prone to
in reversal setback startle temporary a …light run for
Sentences
1)His heart is overflowing with awe and gratitude for the beauty of her, the perfection. ( Line 2-3) 她的漂亮和完美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。
2)He picks up a furry little toy attached to the rail of the crib and shakes it, ringing the bell it contains. (Line 7-8) 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小毛绒玩具摇了起来,玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。
3)Not until a week later, when the baby shows her first startle to the loud sound of a passing truck, does he begin to recover and enjoy his new daughter again. (Line 46-48) 直到一周后,当孩子听到过路卡车的巨响而第一次感到吃惊时,他这才开始情绪好转,并又感到和新生女儿在一起的乐趣了。
4)The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this word, think about misfortune in the opposite way. (Line 59-60) 而乐观主义者在面临同样的生活不幸时,则以相反的方式看待厄运。
5)Twenty-five years study has convinced me that if we habitually believe, as does the pessimist, that misfortune is our fault, is enduring, and will undermine everything we do, more of it will happen to us than if we believe otherwise. (Line 72-74) 25年的研究使我确信,如果我们像悲观主义者那样,习惯性地认为不幸是我们自己的过错,会持续很长时间,而且会危及我们所做的每件事情的话,那么,更多的不幸就会发生在我们身上,而反之则不然。
After-class Reading Passage Two: You Are What You Think
Words and Phrases: acquire guarantee inclined incompetent investigate justify representative hold someone back in part take credit
Sentences
1) Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. (Line 6-7) 相反,悲观则导致绝望、疾病和失败,并与情绪消沉、孤独寂寞和令人痛苦的胆怯有关。
2) When things go right, the optimist takes credit while pessimist thinks success is due to luck. (Line 32-34) 当事情一帆风顺时,乐观者把功劳归于自己,而悲观者则会把成功归于运气。
3) Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify—and sometimes that’s what keeps them from getting sick. (Line 43-44) 乐观者对自己的估计可能比事实能证明的更高,但是有时这一点却能使他们免受疾病之苦。
4) Many studies suggest that the pessimist’s feeling of helplessness undermines the body’s natural defense, the immune system. (Line 49-50) 许多研究显示悲观者的无助感损害了他们身体的自然防御系统,即免疫系统。
5) Most people are a mix of optimism and pessimism, but are inclined in one direction or the other. (Line 55-56) 大多数人都是乐观主义和悲观主义的混合体,但往往会偏向于其中的一方。
Unit Three Social Problems
In-class Reading: Latchkey Children —— Knock, Knock, Is Anybody Home?
Words and Phrases: advisable arise athletic compel/compelling foster fulfillment phenomenon/phenomena priority resentful secure resentful/resentment suppress work out in the long run in case of
Sentences:
6)Partly because of financial need, and partly because of career choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full-time homemaker. (Line 3-5) 母亲们已经不再扮演专职家庭主妇的传统角色,这在一定程度上是出于经济上的需要,一定程度上也是为了 使自己有一种成就感。
7)For some youngsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, lonely void. (Line 23-25)对于某些孩子来说,这是一段属于他们自己的有所作为的时间,而对另一些孩子来说则是令人恐惧、孤独的空虚。
8)These children looked upon their free time after school as an opportunity for personal development. (Line 34-35) 所有这些孩子都把他们放学后的这段自由时间看成是自我发展的机会。
9)Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is: how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively with the situation. (Line 56-57)考虑到这种现象的现实状况,要提出的应是这样一个问题:如何才能制定一个最佳方案来有效地应对这种局面。
10)Feeing loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that arises in life. (Line -66)孩子们感到有人爱护他们,这会赋予他们一种不可估量的情感力量,去成功地应付生活中出现的种种困难。
After-class Reading Passage One: It’s a Mugger’s game in Manhattan
Words and Phrases: bet cater integrate mug/mugger odd stuff terrify wares compulsive addiction display professional let go of mix up credit card
Sentences:
1)The way he saw it, he was now the most likely person in Manhattan to get mugged next. (Line 2-3)在他看来,曼哈顿区下一个最有可能遭抢劫的人就是他。
2)Grace had not been outside her apartment in five years, as a sure-fire way of avoiding being mugged. (Line 11-12) 格雷斯曾经5年没有出公寓一步,以为这个办法一定能避免抢劫。
3)Somewhat to his surprise Martin found himself displaying his wares to his clientele. (Line 38-39) 马丁有点惊讶地发现自己正在向顾客展示手头的货物。
4)Even more to his surprise, he found himself accepting money for the drugs, much more than he’d paid for them. (Line 39-40)更让他吃惊的是,他发现自己还在收他们的钱,比买进时的价格高得多。
5)Being afraid of muggings had turned him into a professional drug-pusher. (Line 51-52) 害怕遭劫使他成了一个职业的毒品贩子。
After-class Reading Passage Two: Thief
Words and Phrases: attentive collision currency destination fare identify/identification membership missing rage scatter worldly all at once catch sight of hang on to in place
Sentences:
1)But it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty. (Line 5-6) 但是一直到她买好票转身走的时候,他才发现她有多美。
2)At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he mustered a smile. (Line 31-32)他先是吓了一跳:居然有人会靠近得碰到自己!但是当他看清是谁时,他挤出一个笑容。
3)She is seated against a front window of the terminal, taxis and private cars moving slowly beyond her in the gathering darkness.58-59 她正背靠着候机厅正面的一扇玻璃窗坐着,出租车和私家车在越来越暗的暮色中慢慢地从她的身后驶过。
4)The wallet is a woman’s with money and credit cards from different stores, and it belongs to the blonde in the fur-trimmed coat.这是个女式钱包,鼓鼓地塞满了钱和各大商店的信用卡。它是那位穿着镶有灰色皮毛衣服的金发女郎的。
5)Two weeks later---the embarrassment and rage have diminished, the family lawyer has been paid, the confusion in his household has receded---the wallet turns up without explanation in one morning’s mail. 两个星期后—尴尬和气愤已经消了,家庭律师的费用付了,家中的混乱也平息了—这时,却在早晨的邮件里发现了钱包。
Unit Four Career Planning
In-class Reading: Career Planning
Words and Phrases: acceptable alternative counselor defensive demonstrate dominant estimate ignorance implication insight logically occupation phase pursue resort striking trend undergo at stake in case seize (up)on take stock of
11)Of course, complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake, but that does not describe career decisions. (Line19-21) 当然,对于那些不决定成败的决策,自满是可以的,但做涉及职业方面的决策时,来不得自满。
12)When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. (Line 23-27) 每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时,一些人或想入非非或做白日梦。
13)They search frantically for career possibilities and seize on hastily invented solutions, overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives. (Line 35-37) 他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会,然后采取匆忙产生的决定,忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果,也忽视了其他的择业机会。
14)Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market.. (Line 60-61) 评估一下自己的进步并计划下面的步骤,这有助于你应对自己要经历的变化以及劳动力市场的变化。
15)Society no longer attaches the stigma of “instability” to the idea of career hopping, as it once did. (Line 71-73) 社会已不再像过去那样把跳槽看成是一种“不安分”、可耻的事了。
After-class Reading Passage One: Summer Job Planning
Words and Phrases : commute intern/internship option personnel retail senior on the spot
6)If you happen to have a contact such as an editor who might be willing to meet with you, so much the better. ( Line 16-17) 假如你碰巧有个熟人是编辑,而他愿意见你,那样的话敢情更好。
7)It is important at this stage of your life to find a summer job that will enhance your future career. (Line 23) 在人生的这一阶段,找一个能促进未来事业的暑期工作很重要。
8)That aspect has to be weighed against the fact that they might not help your career plans (Line 27-28) 这些工作可能无助于你的择业规划,你必须在这两个方面权衡一下。
9)Naturally if the job is career-oriented, it makes better reading. (Line 29-30) 要是这份工作与将来的事业相关,你的简历看起来自然就更吸引人。
10)By the time I was a senior I knew that I did not want to go into retailing, but it was my hedge against the future. (Line 57-58) 当我读到大四的时候,我知道自己不想从事零售业,但它是我未来谋生的应急手段。
After-class Reading Passage Two: Which Career Is the Right One for You?
Words and Phrases: accountant ambitious analytical bond category concrete consultant conventional cooperative coordination enlighten executive imaginative interior interpersonal persistent sociable systematic figure out in nature straighten out
1) These are mainly skilled trades or technical jobs, usually involving work with tools or machines, frequently called “blue-collar” positions. (Line 8-9) 主要是手艺或技术性职业,通常需要使用工具或机器,常常被称为“蓝领”职务。
2) People who are attracted to realistic jobs are usually robust, practical, physically strong and frequently competitive in outlook. (Line 10-11) 喜爱现实性职业的人往往身体结实、讲求实际、身强体壮、常常怀有积极的人生观。
3) Realistic people tend to see the world in simple, tangible and traditional terms. (Line 18-19) 注重现实的人倾向于用简单、明确和传统的眼光看世界。
4) The tasks involved in artistic occupations usually involve working with words, music or other art forms. (Line 60-61) 艺术型职业通常包括用语言、音乐或其他艺术形式进行的工作。
5) They like to work in free environments that allow them to express themselves in a wide variety of media-writing, music, drawing, photography—in general, any art form. (Line 69-71) 他们喜欢在自由的环境中工作,使他们能够采用多种不同的媒介,如写作、音乐、绘画、摄影——总而言之,用任何艺术形式——来表现自我。
Unit Five Language
In-class Reading: How I Discovered Words
Words and Phrases
apply immeasurable eventful linger prey upon succeed dense flushed penetrate blossom vainly/in vain thrill long (for sb ) to do sth at the first/ earliest opportunity
16)I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. (Line 11) 我的未来究竟会出现什么样的奇迹,我茫然无知。
17)Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. (Line 12)
几个星期以来,愤怒和怨恨一直折磨着我。这种激烈的感情争斗之后则是一种极度的疲惫不堪。
18)Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? (Line 16) 你可曾在航海时遇上过浓雾?那时,你仿佛被困在了触手可及的一片白茫茫中,不见天日。你乘坐的巨轮,靠测深锤和测深线的指引,举步维艰地靠向海岸,既紧张又焦急不安;而你则心里怦怦直跳,等着什么事情发生。
19)In despair she had dropped the subject for the time, only to renew it at the first opportunity. (Line 47)
失望之余她暂时搁起这一话题,但一有机会她就马上旧事重提。
20)That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy and set it free. (Line 65-66)
这活生生的字眼唤醒了我沉睡的灵魂,赋予了它光明,希望和喜悦,使它获得了自由!
After-class Reading Passage One: Foreign Accents
Words and Phrases : amusing intelligibility keen sympathize offend feel at ease sort out sort… into there’s no point in … get in the way of … take … for…
1. I never feel comfortable with a new person until I’ve been able to place them from the way they speak. (Line. 2-4) 但是,跟一个新结识的人在一起,我从来都不会感到自在,只有在我能够根据他们说的话判断出他们是哪里人之后,感觉才会不同。
2. I can’t really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things. (Line. 13-14) 我无法解释为什么,但如果说话者带有外国口音,那么即使是说最最普通的事,也会显得妙趣横生。
3. I’m talking about the kind of accent whereby you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but which doesn’t prevent you from following what they are saying. (Line. 20-25)
我所指的并非是这么重的口音,而是那种让你马上明白对方是那国人,但又不妨碍你听懂他的话的那种口音。
4. But there again, to my ear, French spoken with an English accent sounds really ugly, and I feel uncomfortable when I hear a fellow countryman murdering the language. (Line. 35-37)
同样的,对我来说,带英国口音的法语实在是太难听了,而且当我听自己的同胞在糟蹋法语时,总是感到很不自在。
5. I don’t know how much time he had spent getting his accent right, but perhaps he could have spent his time better broadening his vocabulary and knowledge of the country. (Line 50-52)
我不知道他花了多少时间纠正口音,但或许他更应该花时间扩大词汇量和加强对英国的了解。
After-class Reading Passage Two: Not Just Parrot-talk
Words and Phrases : be capable of mimic make the leap exploit hint omission/omit in honor of sb. descend accumulate grasp breakthrough in the course of probe the limits of animal intelligence
1. Alex, an African grey parrot residing at America’s Purdue University in Indiana, has a vocabulary of about 40 words with which he identifies, requests and sometimes refuses more than 50 toys. (Line. 2-4) 亚利克斯是一只灰色的非洲鹦鹉,住在美国印地安纳州的普渡大学。它掌握了大约四十个词,以此来辨认、索要、有时甚至是拒绝五十多种玩具。
2. But, until now, there has been no evidence that any bird could make the big leap to associating one sound exclusively with on object or quality. (Line. 9-11) 但是,将一个声音只与某个物体或特性联系起来,此前尚无证据表明任何鸟类能够实现这一大飞跃。
3. Alex rapidly learned to ask for certain objects, identifying them by words for shape, color and material. (Line.20-21)
亚利克斯很快就学会了运用表示形状、颜色和材料的词来确定要索取的东西。
4. Public reaction to the abilities of chimpanzees to use sign language has recently descended from excitement to bitterness and nobody dares make extravagant claims any more. (Line. 42-44)
公众对于黑猩猩能使用手势语的反应最近从兴奋转为批评,因而无人再敢做出过分的断言了。
5. Other skeptics argue that, in the course of a lifetime, it would be surprising if such apes did not occasionally produce syntactical combinations of signs by pure chance. (Line.52-54) 其他持怀疑态度的人士争辩道,这样的猿猴,若在它的一生中都不能偶尔纯粹碰运气地表达几句符合语法的话,那倒要令人惊讶了。
Unit Six Man and Animal
In-class Reading: Aggression in Humans and Animals
Words and Phrases
aggressive species abnormal frustrated creature instinct destructive constructive ironical(ly) mechanical accumulation hostile conflict warn off find expression in turn to submission
11)Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (L5-L6)而且,万一有争斗,任何一方都不会受重伤,因为败方只要做出姿态表示投降便可保全性命。
12)If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (L12-L13)如果不是受了伤,这只虎毫无疑问还会呆在丛林里,并像往常那样去猎取食物。
13)If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (L15-L17)比如说,关在笼子里的狮子一旦能自由自在地徜徉在非洲的大草原上,那么它会一直活力充沛,长途跋涉,与家族同类一起追捕食物。
14)In fact, it is growing more and more difficult for people to assert themselves as individuals, as towns, nations, and organizations become steadily bigger, with authority increasingly centralized and remote. (L40-L43)实际上,人类作为个体要想坚持自己的权利和主张已经越来越困难了,因为城镇、国家以及组织结构变得越来越庞大,而权力则变得越发集中,越发遥远了。
15)Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race be able to survive.(L61-L62)只有将人类的敌意和好斗性通过建设性活动和非暴力的竞争方式发挥出来,人类才能继续生存下去。
After-class Reading Passage One: Should the Navy Draft Dolphins
Words and Phrases
attachment controversy recruit draft immoral violate mistreat mammal locate welfare armed with stand by
take … to court stem from
16)They say dolphins are easy to train and important in protecting against surprise attacks by enemy submarines. ( Line 7-9) 他们说,海豚容易培训,并且在防卫敌人潜艇的突然袭击中能起重要作用。
17)The groups charge that the Navy’s plan violates the federal laws that protect animals from being mistreated. (Line 19-20) 这些组织指控海军的计划违背了保护动物不受虐待的联邦法律。
18)Much of the criticism of the program stems from the fact that we are very fond of dolphins. (Line 35-36) 对该项目批评的主要原因是我们大家太喜欢海豚了。
19)Then, by listening to the echoes made when the sounds reflect from an object, they determine its position. (Line 45-46)这些声音从物体反射回来产生的回声被海豚听到后,海豚就能确定物体的位置。
20)All dolphins ask for is 20 pounds of fish a day and a few pats on the nose. (Line 47-48) 一天20磅鱼以及在鼻子上轻轻拍几下,就是海豚的全部需要。
After-class Reading Passage Two: Animals on the Job
Words and Phrases
affection assist collapse conditioning illegal make reinforcement socialized superior adapt to head up lend/give/offer a (helping) hand speaking of track down
11) Animals not only make good pets, they sometimes make perfect workers—if they have the right traits and training. (Introductory note)动物不仅能成为很好的宠物,有时还能成为干活的好手——只要它们具备合适的特长并训练得当。
12) Today, dogs may be employed to sniff out illegal substances in school lockers or earthquake victims buried beneath the rubble of a collapsed building or highway. (Line 20-21)如今,狗被用来嗅查学校衣物柜里的违禁品或地震中被埋在倒塌的楼房或公路废墟下的受灾者。
13) And whales behave naturally around sea lions because these mammals are pat of the whales’ natural environment—unlike humans or submarine like research boats. (Line 34-36)鲸鱼在海狮身边行动自然,因为这些哺乳动物是鲸鱼真实生活环境的一部分——而人类或者外形像潜艇一样的研究船则不然。
14) Most trainers condition animals by using positive reinforcement, rewarding an animal for doing something correctly. (Line 40-41)大多数训练人员采用正强化手段训练动物:做对了就奖赏它。
15) First, monkeys are placed with a foster family to become socialized to people. (Line 50-51)首先,猴子要放在收养人家里与人交往。
Unit Seven The Joy of Travel
In-class Reading: Transformative Travel
Words and Phrases
commitment deliberately emptiness impulsiveness transform wreck engagement fantasy introductory
appeal to Back down participate in with all one’s heart
21)The future appeared as much like a wasteland as the emptiness I could see while looking back to the past. (Line2-3)
我的未来看起来好似荒漠,就像回顾过去时,看到的是一片空虚。
22)At the time, both commitments seemed like a good idea, but I suppose it was the fantasy of being a successful, married businessman that appealed to me far more than the reality. (Line 5-7)
当初,两个承诺都好像是不错的主意,但是我想吸引我的只是成为一个成功的已婚商人的幻想,而远非现实。
23)It happened to be an introductory counseling course, one that involved personal sharing in the group. (Line8-9)
这刚好是一门咨询入门课程,需要个人参与到集体中去。
24)A few days later I found myself unemployed and unattached, excited by the freedom, yet terrified about what to do next. (Line 13)
几天后, 我失业了,也解除了婚约,为获得的自由而兴奋,但又因为不知道下一步做什么而恐慌。
25)One of the reasons that therapy often takes so long is that, once you leave the safety and support of a session, you reenter the world where familiar people elicit the familiar reactions. (Line 43-45) 治疗之所以往往需要很长的时间,原因之一是,一旦给予你安全感和帮助的一个疗程结束后,你重新又回到了原来的世界,那儿你的熟人会诱使你重蹈覆辙。
After-class Reading: The Romance of Train Travel
Words and Phrases
bonus challenging detective exchange excursion patience royalty toast transit whistle bring on fix up on schedule
1)There is a strong sense of nostalgia for other places and other times, when life was slower and, perhaps, better.
心中有一种强烈的怀旧感,怀念往事、他乡,那时日子过得比现在慢,也许是更美好。
2)There’s a sense of romance about a train that simply doesn’t exist on a modern jet plane.
有一种关于火车的浪漫情愫是在现代喷气式飞机上根本不存在的。
3)Although the twenty-four-hour trip doesn’t offer the danger and excitement — the adventure— of the past, it offers luxury: rich dark wood, fresh flowers, champagne, very special food, and live entertainment in a bar car with a piano.
尽管这24小时的旅程并无过去的那种危险和激动,或者说历险,但它极尽奢华:深艳色的木质装潢、鲜花、香槟、非常独特的伙食、酒吧车厢里有钢琴伴奏的现场表演。
4)A typical journey on the “Mystery Express” offers the opportunity to solve a challenging murder mystery right there on the train.
典型的“神秘特快”之旅会给乘客们提供机会,让他们侦破一起发生在这列火车上的难解的谋杀谜案。
After-class Reading: Aruba
Words and Phrases
architecture cordiality crew crown demanding dramatic facility fantastic fascinating hospitality marvelous notorious shallow tragedy
1) “The greatness of our people is their great cordiality” is a line from the national anthem of Aruba, and from the moment one sets foot on this beautiful island in the center of the blue Caribbean Sea, this will be found to be true.
“我们人民的伟大之处在于他们非常热情友好”是阿鲁巴岛国歌中的一句。阿鲁巴岛位于蓝色的加勒比海中部,从人们一踏上这座美丽的岛屿开始,就感到这句话确实名副其实。
2)A spectacular midnight fireworks display will add to the celebration and musicians will walk from house to house singing good-luck greetings for the New Year. 壮观的午夜烟花表演也增添了庆典的气氛。音乐家们还会走家串户,唱贺新年好运。
3)Of course, there’s more to Aruba than sunny beaches and night clubs. 当然,阿鲁巴岛不仅有阳光海滩和夜总会。
4)If one is dressed for an elegant evening of entertainment, the casinos are places where one can place bets and hope to win a fortune.
如果你精心打扮想去度过一个高雅的娱乐之夜,赌场是你可以下赌注并抱有赢钱希望的地方。
