1）单元音：短元音：/ɪ/ / ʊ / / ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /e/ /æ/
长元音：/i:/ /u://ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/
2）双元音：[eI]、[aI]、[ɔI]、[Iə]、[ʊə]、[eə]、[aʊ]、[əʊ]
短元音/ɪ/ / ʊ / / ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /e/ /æ/
/ɪ/ fish, pig, in, fifteen, six, ship, thin, baby, happy, candy
/ʊ/ look, good, book, foot, wood, push, put
/ ʌ/ sun, nut, jump, gum, bus, brush, supper, us
son, come, color, love, money, mother
/ɒ/ box, fox, dog, shop, doctor, long, watch, what,
/ə/ teacher, father, brother, dinner, doctor, visitor
Panda, about, above, camera, sofa, China
/e/ egg, bed, desk, get, pet, pen, bread, men
/æ/ hat, dad, cap, cat, bad, apple, bag, man
练习一．朗读并写出对应单词的音标。
Rad red rid. Bad bed bid. Tack teck tick. Pat pet pit
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长元音 /i:/ /u://ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/
/i:/ sweet, bee, sweep, sheep, see, sleep, three, green
meat, leaf, sea, pea, teach, eat, clean
me, he, she, be, we, evening
/u:/ ruler, rude, flute, fruit, food, moon, too, do, who, whose
/ɑ:/ grass, glass, class, plant, dance, fast, father, last
car, star, arm, March, garden, dark, park， hard, scarf
laugh, aunt
/ɔ:/ water, ball, wall, horse, corn, fork, or, short, draw, strawberry
/ɜ:/ nurse, turn, Thursday, thirsty, skirt, sir, thirty, early, learn,
练习二．拼读并下列音标并写出对应的单词
1. [miːt] [swiːp] [hi:] ____________________________________
2. [bɔːl] [fɔːk] [drɔː] _____________________________________
3.[fɑ:st] [ska:f] [ɑ:nt] ________________________________________
4.[hu:] [ru:d] [mu:n] ____________________________________
5.[ˈpɜːpl] [ˈɜ:li] [skɜːt] ____________________________________
双元音[eI]、[aI]、[ɔI]、[Iə]、[ʊə]、[eə]、[aʊ]、[əʊ]
[eI] play, day, way, May, today
rain, wait, tail, train
cake, make, name, game, able, face, grape,
[aI] kind, bike, mine, Friday, polite, tired, kite, nice, tiger
shy, fly, try, by, cry, my, try, why, sky
Right, light, night
[ɔI] boy, toy, oil, boil, coin, toilet
[Iə] ear, hear, tear, deer, beer
[ʊə] poor, tour, sure, pure
[eə] pear, bear, wear, hair, chair, pair
[aʊ] our, cloudy, out, ground, mouth， house， mouse,
cow, wow, brown, flower, how, now, down
[əʊ] know, window, yellow, snow, bowl, show
old, clothes, go, so, over, those, rose, nose
goat, boat, coat, soap
练习三，正确拼读单词并写出对应音标。
1, play, rain, make _________________ 2. kind, fly, right ________________
3. boy, toy, toilet _________________ 4. ear, deer _______________
5. poor, tour, sure _________________ 6. pear, wear, hair_______________
7. out, house, cow _________________ 8. know, old, boat ______________
二、辅音部分：
清辅音: [p], [t], [k], [f], [s], [ʃ], [θ], [ts], [tʃ], [tr]
浊辅音: [b], [d], [g], [v], [z], [ʒ], [ð], [dz], [dʒ], [dr]
鼻辅音：[m]、[n]、[ŋ]
辅音：[w] [j] [r] [h] [l]
20个清辅音和浊辅音
| 音标 | 字母 | 示例 |
| [p] | p | Pen, pig, play, hope, happy, cup, cheap, pipa |
| [b] | b | Book , big, web, robot, problem |
| [t] | t | Team, ten, city, twenty, water, |
| [d] | d | Dance, door, dog, cold, salad |
| [k] | c k ch ck q | cat, picture, music, come, correct, cap Kite, lake, key, look, cook, sky School(清音浊化), Christmas, Back, lock, rock, black Queen，question |
| [g] | g gu | Good, garden, language, girl, Guess, guitar, |
| [f] | f ph ugh | Friend, five, fly, life, wife, face Phone, photo, elephant Laugh, enough, tough |
| [v] | v | View, very, evening, voice |
| [s] | s (词首或清辅音前) c (e/i/y前) | six, sit, same, scarf, spring, kiss, case city, face, cinema, science, fancy |
| [z] | z s (元音字母间或浊辅音前) | zoo, zero, zip, zebra music, husband, nose, rose |
| [ʃ] | sh s | shy, she, sheep, shoes, finish, wash, sure, sugar (attention, station, delicious, special,) |
| [ʒ] | s | Pleasure, usually, Asia, decision |
| [θ] | th | Think, thank, thin, method, teeth, mouth, both |
| [ð] | th(冠，介，连，代词) -the/-ther | The, this, those, Clothe, weather, father,mother |
| [ts] | ts tes | Students, boats, cats, seats, pets Minutes, gates, kites, dates |
| [dz] | ds | Friends, goods, woods, beds |
| [tʃ] | ch tch | Check, rich, lunch, teach, child, chair Catch, match, watch |
| [dʒ] | j g ge | Japan, jump, joy, July, join, job Giraffe, ginger orange, George, age, danger, |
| [tr] | tr | Tree, try, country, travel |
| [dr] | dr | Driver, children, dry, dream, drink |
| [m] | m mn | mouse, make, come, name, jump, mum autumn |
| [n] | n kn | now, not, sun, noon know, knife, knock |
| [ŋ] | ng n(在辅音[k],[g]前) | Sing, song, , morning, young, wrong uncle, thank, hungry, bank, think |
5个辅音：[w] [j] [r] [h] [l]
| [w] | w wh | wait, win, sweet, wind, wood, water what, white, where, why |
| [j] | y | year, yard, yellow, yes, you |
| [r] | r wr | red, run, fruit, tomorrow, rat write |
| [h] | h wh(在o前) | high, hot, home, horse, how who, whose, whole |
| [l] | l | life, long, land, milk, world, black, goal, ball |
一．根据音标的拼读规则读出下列单词
1.[ˈmɔːnɪŋ] 2. [ˈmiːtɪŋ] 3. [ˈevriθɪŋ] 4. [ˈeksələns] 5. [tʃeɪndʒ]
6. [ˈɒfɪs] 7. [wɜːld ] 8. [dɪˈmænd] 9. [neɪmz] 10. [ˈbædmɪntən]
二．写出26个字母对应的音标
Aa_____ Bb_____ Cc_____ Dd_____Ee_____Ff_____Gg_____Hh_____ Ii_____ Gg_____ Kk_____ Ll_____ Mm_____ Nn_____ Oo_____ Pp_____ Qq_____ Rr_____ Ss_____ Tt______ Uu_____ Vv______ Ww______ Xx_____ Yy_____ Zz______
三． 练习以下词组，注意辅音和元音的连读
1. Look at 2. a lot of 3. pick up 4. Stand up 5. In front of
四．根据读音写出下列单词的音标
1. have _______ 2. apple _________3. Bike ________ 5. rose __________
4. mountain ____________ 6. enjoy___________ 7. magazine___________
8. yesterday____________ 9. shadow ________ 10. orange_____________
补充材料
音节是读音的基本单位，任何单词的读音，都是分解为一个个音节朗读。英语中元音特别响亮，一般以元音来划分音节，一个元音可构成一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音结合也可以构成一个音节。辅音不响亮，不能构成音节，辅音通常是音节的分界线。
音节划分的规则
1.两辅音之间不管有多少元音都是一个音节。如bed、seat、beat、beaut 、beau'ty只能算一个音节。
2.当两元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时，通常情况下辅音字母归后一音节。如，sto'ped、la'bour。（单归后）
3. 当两元音字母之间有两个辅音字母时，通常情况下一个辅音字母归前一音节，一个归后一音节，如： mat'ter、Sep'tember。（双分手）
4.当两元音字母之间有三个辅音字母时，通常情况下前一个辅音字母归前一音节，后两个归后一音节如：“chil-dren”（三一二）
5.不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节，如：th, sh, ch, ck, tch. 例：fa/ther
口诀：先找元音去尾e，一个元音一单节。两个相同的辅音字母按规则划分后，第一个不发音。
重读开音节和重读闭音节
重读闭音节=元音+辅音
它的发音规则是发字母发他的短元音/ɪ/ / ʊ / / ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /e/ /æ/
重读开音节=元音+辅音+e（不发音）
=辅音+元音
它的发音规则是元音字母发他的名称音即字母表的原来的发音(AEIOU)
重度闭音节rap bat rop kit bus egg
重读开音节 rape bate rope kite abuse be
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