化学方程式必修一

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O                                     2Na + O2 △ Na2O2      

2Na2O2 + 2H2O = 4NaOH + O2↑              2Na2O2 + 2CO2 = 2Na2CO3 + O2                           2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2↑                           2NaCl通电 2Na+ Cl2↑   

2Na+2HCl=2NaCl+H2↑                                4Na+TiCl4高温Ti+4NaCl  

2Na+CuSO4+2H2O=Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑+Na2SO4                 Na2O2+SO2=Na2SO4       

2NaOH+CO2(少) =Na2CO3+H2O                              NaOH+CO2(过) =NaHCO3  

CO2+H2O+Na2CO3=2NaHCO3（溶液）                          2NaHCO3△Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑（固体）

NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2↑                          NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O

少量NaHCO3与足量Ca(OH)2         HCO3- + OH- + Ca2+=CaCO3↓+H2O                                       

足量NaHCO3与少量Ca(OH)2         2HCO3- +2OH- + Ca2+=CaCO3↓+CO32- +H2O 

少量Ca(HCO3)2与足量NaOH：        2HCO3- +2OH- + Ca2+=CaCO3↓+CO32- +H2O                                        

足量Ca(HCO3)2与少量NaOH：        HCO3- + OH- + Ca2+=CaCO3↓+H2O                           

2Mg+CO2点燃2MgO+C            3Mg+N2点燃Mg3N2          MgCl2通电 Mg + Cl2↑  

Mg3N2+6H2O=2NH3↑+3Mg(OH)2                      2Al+6HCl＝2AlCl3+3H2↑

2Al+2NaOH+2H2O =2NaAlO2+3H2 ↑                 Al2O3 +6HCl =2AlCl3 + 3H2O 

Al2O3+2NaOH =2NaAlO2 + H2O                       Al(OH)3+3HCl＝AlCl3 +3H2O

Al(OH)3+NaOH＝ NaAlO2 +2H2O            Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH3·H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3(NH4)2SO42Al(OH)3 △Al2O3 ＋3H2O                    AlCl3 + 4NaOH（过） == NaAlO2 +3NaCl +2H2O

NaAlO2+HCl（少）+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+NaCl           NaAlO2+4HCl（过）=AlCl3+NaCl+2H2O

2NaAlO2+CO2(少)+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3        NaAlO2+CO2(过)+2H2O=Al(OH)3+NaHCO3 

Al3++3AlO2-+6H2O==4Al(OH)3 ↓                2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe          

FeO +2HCl=FeCl2+H2O                        Fe2O3+6HCl= 2FeCl3+3H2OFe3O4+8HCl=2FeCl3+ FeCl2 + 4H2O             Fe2O3+3CO 高温 2Fe+3CO2 （炼铁的主要方程式）Fe(OH)2+2HCl=FeCl2+2H2O                    Fe(OH)3+3HCl ＝ FeCl3+3H2O4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3                   2Fe(OH)3 △ Fe2O3+3H2O  

2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3                               2FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl2       

2FeCl3 + Cu == 2FeCl2+CuCl2              FeCl3 + 3NH3·H2O = Fe(OH)3↓+ 3NH4Cl             2Fe + 3Cl2 点燃 2FeCl3                       3Fe + 4H2O(g) 高温 Fe3O4 + 4H2↑      

Cu + Cl2 点燃 CuCl2                          2Na + Cl2 点燃 2NaCl                           

Cl2 + H2O 可逆 HCl + HClO                     2HClO 光照 2HCl + O2↑

2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O              Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O               

Ca(ClO)2 + H2O + CO2 = CaCO3↓ + 2HClO        HCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+HNO3      

4HCl(浓)+MnO2  △ MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O            KClO3+6HCl(浓) △ 3Cl2↑+KCl+3H2O

2KMnO4+16HCl(浓)==2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O       2NaCl + 2H2O 电解 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 

Si＋O2高温SiO2                                Si＋2NaOH＋H2O＝Na2SiO3＋2H2↑                    Si + 2F2 = SiF4                                SiO2＋2C高温Si＋ 2CO↑   

Si＋2Cl2高温SiCl4                            SiCl4＋2H2高温Si＋4HCl （制纯硅）  

SiO2＋3C高温SiC＋ 2CO↑（杂质反应）               SiO2 ＋ CaO高温CaSiO3   

SiO2＋2NaOH＝Na2SiO3＋H2O                      SiO2＋4HF＝SiF4↑＋2H2O    

Si+4HF==SiF4↑+2H2↑                      Na2SiO3＋CO2＋H2O＝H2SiO3↓＋Na2CO3

SiO2＋Na2CO3高温Na2SiO3＋CO2↑             SiO2＋CaCO3高温CaSiO3＋CO2↑ 

Na2SiO3＋2HCl＋H2O＝H4SiO4↓＋2NaCl           (原硅酸) H4SiO4＝H2SiO3（硅酸）＋H2O 

S+2Cu△ Cu2S               S+Fe△ FeS                S+2Na研磨Na2S       

3S+2Al△ Al2S3               Hg+S=HgS                    S+H2△H2S

3S+6NaOH==== 2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O           S+2H2SO4(浓)△3SO2+2H2O 

2H2SO4(浓)+Cu △ CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O              2H2SO4(浓)+C△CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O

H2S+H2SO4（浓）△ S↓+SO2↑+2H2O              2P+5H2SO4(浓)△5SO2+2H2O+2H3PO4

SO2（少）+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3↓+H2O                2SO2（过）+Ca(OH)2=Ca（HSO3）2

SO2+H2O可逆 H2SO3                           SO2+2H2S===3S↓+2H2O (氧化性)

4FeS2+11O2===8SO2+2Fe2O3        S+O2===SO2       2SO2+O2可逆 2SO3（硫酸工业）

SO2+ Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl                   SO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr 

SO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI                      5SO2+2MnO4-+2H2O=5SO42-+2Mn2++4H+                   

2Na2SO3+O2=2Na2SO4                            SO2+H2O2=H2SO4 

2Fe3++SO2+2H2O=2Fe2++SO42- +4H+                  2Fe3+ + 2I- = 2Fe2+ + I2

2Fe+I2 △ 2FeI2                               2Fe+3Br2 △ 2FeBr3             

Cl2 + 2KI = I2 + 2KCl                             Cl2 + 2KI = I2 + 2KCl

Br2 + 2KI = I2 + 2KBr                       Na2SO3+H2SO4(浓)==== Na2SO4+SO2↑+H2O   

Na2SO3+HCl（少）= NaHSO3 + NaCl                Na2SO3+2HCl（过）= SO2 + 2NaCl                

H2S △ H2 + S（不稳定容易分解）               FeS(黑色不溶于水)+H2SO4（稀）==== FeSO4+H2S↑

H2S（少）+2NaOH==== Na2S+2H2O               H2S（过）+NaOH==== NaHS+H2O   

2H2S+O2(不足)=== 2S↓+2H2O                  2H2S+3O2（足量）△2SO2+2H2O

H2S+I2==== 2HI+S↓                       2Na2S+ Na2SO3+ 6HCl = 3S↓+6NaCl+3H2O         

H2S+CuSO4=CuS↓（黑色不溶于酸）+ H2SO4   H2S+Pb(Ac)2=PbS↓（黑色不溶于酸）+2HAc（醋酸铅试纸）

Na2S＋HCl（少）=NaHS+NaCl                    Na2S＋2HCl（过） =H2S↑+ 2NaCl

N2+O2放电 2NO                             2NO+O2==== 2NO2       

3NO2+ H2O==== 2HNO3+ NO                      NH3+H2O可逆 NH3.H2O 

NH3•H2O △ NH3↑ + H2O                      Ca(OH)2+2NH4Cl △ CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O

N2+3H2可逆 2NH3                             4NH3+5O2催化剂 4NO+6H2O 

NH3+HCl==== NH4Cl （白烟）                   2NH3+H2SO4==== (NH4)2SO4（没有白烟）

NH4HCO3 △ NH3↑+CO2↑+H2O                    2NO+2CO=== N2+2CO2

4NO+3O2+2H2O==== 4HNO3                        4NO2+O2+2H2O==== 4HNO3  

2NO+2NaOH===NaNO+NaNO+H₂O                    2NaOH+NO2+NO==== 2NaNO2+ H2O

8NH3（过）+3Cl2==== 6NH4Cl+N2                     2NH3（少）+3Cl2==== 6HCl+N2  

Cu+4HNO3(浓)===Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2O                  3Cu+8HNO3(稀)===3Cu(NO3)2+2NO+4H2O

4HNO3(浓）+ C △ CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O           3Cu+8H＋+2NO3－=3Cu 2＋+2NO↑+4H2O

4AgNO3 △ 2Ag2O＋4NO2↑＋O2↑    2Fe2++H2O2 + 2H+===2Fe3++2H2O

S+6HNO3(浓) △ H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O             P+5HNO3(浓)△5NO2↑+H3PO4+H2O                               

4HNO3 光照 2H2O + 4NO2 ↑+ O2 ↑             3FeO+10HNO3(稀)=3Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+5H2O

Fe十4HNO3 (稀)= Fe(NO3)3十NO↑十2H2O     3Fe（过）十8HNO3  （稀）= 3Fe(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O

NaNO3+H2SO4（浓）微热NaHSO4+HNO3              2NaCl+H2SO4（浓） △ Na2SO4+2HCl

NaCl+H2SO4（浓） 微热 NaHSO4+HCl         (高沸点制取低沸点或者说是难挥发制取易挥发的)

2F2 + 2H2O == 4HF + O2                                             2H2O2 （MnO2） 2H2O+ O2↑ 

2KMnO4 加热 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2↑           2KClO3===2KCl+3O2↑（MnO2或者其他催化剂与加热）

NaCl(饱和)+NH3+H2O+CO2=NH4Cl+NaHCO3↓(侯氏制碱法)