
As everything has two sides, the existing examination system is not all bad. It certainly has many positive aspects. To begin with, exam is an effective means to assess students’ knowledge and proficiency and to evaluate teachers’ teaching level. Besides, it can help students find out their strengths and weaknesses in learning and make their knowledge permanent. Most important of all, it often serves as a motive to drive students to study hard and get well prepared academically for the future competition.
However, it is often blamed for its obvious defects. First, exams are always overstressed as the aim of both learning and teaching. Thus the exam system is often blamed for the formation of the traditional exam-oriented education system. Second, exams are always associated with promotion to a higher grade or admittance to college. Therefore, they are heavily responsible for the present exam-assessment system. Finally, because the system leads to students’ heavy study load and it mainly produces students with high scores and poor abilities, it’s always the target of criticism and focus of reform.
In a word, the disadvantages do outweigh the advantages. It’s urgent to reform the existing examination system in the new century.
精品词汇
•existing examination system 现有的考试制度
•assess 估计,评价
•evaluate 评价
•overstress 过分重视,过分强调
•deep-rooted 根深蒂固的
•promotion 晋级,升级
•study load 学习负担
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. A. He just wouldn’t look her in the eye
2. C cultural ignorance
3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures
4.B A personnel training company
5. D he must get rid of his gender bias
6.C It helped him make fair decisions
7.A He told him to get the dates right
8. embarrassed
9. inclusiveness
10. differences and similarities
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
11-15 DACCD 16-20 BABAD 21-25 DCBCA 26-30 ADBCB 31-35 CDBCA
Section C:
36 trend
37 phenomenon
38 scene
39 offences
40 murder
41 particularly
42 explosion
43 associated
44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.
46 and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
Short Conversations
11.M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages.
W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally,
Q: What does the woman mean?
12. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.
W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I’ll let you know tomorrow.
Q: Who is the woman talking to?
13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.
M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
14. W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like?
M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist. I guess I haven’t spent much time exercising lately.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?
15. W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. What do you think?
M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet.
Q: What does the man imply?
16. W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.
M: Did you check that pile of journals you’ve borrowed from the library the other day?
Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?
17. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?
W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.
Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?
18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?
M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.
Q: What does the man imply?
Long Conversation 1
F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?
M: Well, not so bad.
F: How have you been spending your time?
M: I have been spending more time with my family. I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.
F: Great.
M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.
F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?
M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.
F: How does the scheme work?
M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.
F: What sort of works advertised?
M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.
F: I can see it’s good for you. What does your company get out of this?
M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their books any more.
Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?
20. How does Simon get to know about the company’s available posts?
21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?
Long Conversation 2
W: Oh, where are we going?
M: I want to show you something.
W: I know, but what is it?
M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.
W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?
M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres. We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.
W: Is there a house on the place?
M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.
W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?
M: There is about half an acre around the house. That’s plenty of space.
W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we?
M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.
W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?
M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.
W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.
M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?
W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.
M: I think we’ve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q 22: What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?
Q 23: What does the man say about the farm?
Q 24: Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?
Q 25: What is the woman’s greatest concern about the man’s plan?
Passage One
Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force. He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let’s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.
26. What is the purpose of the speaker’s remarks?
27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?
28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?
29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
Passage Two
There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
There are numerous public and private languages.
31. What is Chomsky’s point on the ability to learn a language?
Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.
32. What does Chomsky’s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.
Passage Three
When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?" Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is "No". To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it’s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.
33. What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?
34. How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?
35. What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
47.F 48. B 49. E 50. L 51. K 52. J 53. N 54. A 55. O 56.I
Section B
DCABB ACBDD
Passage One
57. D)[精解]段首处设题。根据文章第一句话得知,全球变暖有可能成为21世纪的环境危机,但是无论结果如何, 我们都将为力。D)中very little will be done与原文we won’t do much about it意义一致。迅速锁定答案为D。
58. D)[精解]Al Gore称全球变暖是一个被忽视的。第二段第二句话but the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming(是我们了解的还不够,不足以缓解全球变暖。)与D)中的“在这一领域我们的知识还很少”是一致的。
59. A)[精解]根据题干中关键词double、2050定位到原文第三段最后一句话。With the modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emission more than double by 2050. (按照一般的经济增长速度来计算,能源消耗和温室气体排放到2050年将翻番。)A)中的economic growth即原文中的growth.
60. B)[精解]允许缔约国惩罚非缔约国,但是它却不能减少的排放量,也未能采取足够强硬的。B) 中few nations have adopted real tough measures 和本段最后一句中didn’t adopt enough policies 意义相符。
61. B)[精解]作者第一段提出问题:面对全球变暖,我们将为力。第二段中作者谈到认识到这一问题并不代表找到解决方案,然后提出论点:and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.(没有大的技术突破,我们仍将为力。)。第五和第六段重申论点:the only solution is new technology(解决问题的唯一办法就是新科技。) B)是对全文的高度概括与作者论点相同。
Passage Two
62. A)[精解] 段首处设题。根据第二段,第一句话,我们得知有人会在未经允许的情况下窃取我们的个人信息,如第一段所说的电子邮件、网址、信用卡购物及电话等,我们的个人信息赤裸裸地暴露给陌生人,毫无遮掩。A)中的 is easily accessed without their knowledge 同义与原文中的 watch you without your permission。
63. C)[精解]根据题干中关键词psychologist、friend定位到第三段第一、二句话。心理学家认为与他人保持一定界限是有益的,虽然会向朋友、家人、爱人倾诉,但是有一些事情是有底线和界限的。C)中的distance同义与原文中的boundary,跟本段第二句话 but few boundaries remain 意义一致。
. B)[精解]第三段第三句话告诉我们:我们在使用高科技时所留下的点滴信息都会为陌生人了解我们提供线索。例如谷歌搜索引擎就会泄漏我们的想法。因此进一步得出结论:我们正生活在一个连保守秘密都很困难的世界里。B)中的trace 同义于原文中的digital bread crumbs所暗示的意思。
65. D)[精解]根据倒数第二段第一句得知,people say one thing and do another,即言行不一。随后举例说明,美国人为了一点利益而提供个人信息。D)符合题意。
66. D)[精解]段末处设题。作者把隐私同健康作比较,当拥有时,不曾注意到它,一旦失去才知其珍贵。D)中cherish同 wish you’d have done more 意义一致。
Part V Cloze
67. A)[精解] 信息词 aim与at和to都可构成固定搭配,但是at后跟doing或直接加n.;而 to后加动词原型。
68. D)[精解]根据上下文,意思是各个大学对于科研的重视程度在学校和学校之间是不同的。此处vary 译为“不同”,可以构成vary from…to …意为“因…而异”。
69. C)[精解]介词搭配题。在本句中,根据and这一并列连词可以看出,其后的内容为根据学校现有资源的不同而决定了科研的不同,那么and前的并列部分,也是在讲学校自身的原因,因此可以得出people一词后面的介词短语作定语,故而想到in control(主管,控制),此处 people in control 意为“学校的主管人员”也就是管理者们。
70. B) [精解] 动词用法辨析题。根据句意,一些小规模学校或是新建学校不拥有可以开展大型研究的工作人员和设备。possess意为“拥有,具备”。
71. D) [精解] 形容词辨义题。根据该句中信息词smaller, newer, larger可以看出规模较小的学校无法开展大型学校承担的大型科研活动,vast意为“大型的,巨大的”符合题意。
72.A) [精解] 连词用法题。根据句型结构分析,此处缺少并列连词,表示转折意味,因而but正确。
73.B)[精解] 形容词辨义题。be essential to 为固定搭配,意为“对…至关重要,必不可少”。 根据句意,专家们认为,为了使学生和教师能够及时了解学科发展的最新信息,搞科研是很有必要的。
74. C)[精解] 固定搭配题。根据句意,搞科研的目的是让教师和学生能够及时了解前沿信息,信息词keep,in,with和touch构成固定搭配keep in touch with,意为与…保持联系。
75.A)[精解] 动词辨义题。根据上下文,学生上大学的目的主要是为了获取知识,acquire“获得(技能,知识等)”与knowledge 搭配符合句意。
76.B)[精解] 形似词辨义题。根据句意学生为所选择的职业而储备知识。profession意为“职业”
77. D)[精解] 形容词辨义题。此处讲到了大学培养人才的目的,当然不仅仅局限在知识的传授层面上,还有更高目标:培养博学、有判断能力和智慧的人,因此获得知识不是唯一目标。only此处意为“唯一的”。
78. A)[精解] 介词辨析题。with意为“具备,具有”,介词短语作定语。
79.C)[精解] 动词辨义题。根据上文,学校的教育目标是多元的,因此学校鼓励学生去广泛结交兴趣多样的人才。encourage 意为“鼓励,鼓舞”,其固定用法为encourage sb. to do sth.。
80.C)[精解] 名词辨义题。根据上文的提示,此处指与兴趣广泛的人结交,interest“兴趣,爱好”符合题意。
81.C)[精解] 动词辨义题。enforce意为“增强,强化”,此处指增强学生对不同学科的理解。
82.D)[精解]介词辨义题。此处作者意在表明中学生和大学生在学习知识的深度方面可以根据自身兴趣的需求或要求而不同。upon有“关于,针对”之意。
83.D)[精解] 固定搭配题。for one’s own sake也可以说成for the sake of sb.,意为“为了…的好处,出于对…的兴趣”。
84.C)[精解] 固定搭配题。make sacrifice to do 意为“为…作出牺牲”,此处指学生为了自己的兴趣爱好作出牺牲。
85.A)[精解] 名词辨义题。根据上文暗示,学生选择的学科与知识也就是此处要表达的“知识、领域”之意,field正合题意。
86.B)[精解] 此处缺少对contribution“贡献”一词的限定,meaningful意为“有意义的”,文章最后指出,作为学习者为了兴趣与爱好学习知识,从而对人类知识而作出的贡献当然是富有意义的。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87. since we introduced color photographs on the front page
88. more complicated animals developed from the simple animals
. I’d like to order one fried egg and bacon
90. because of the sweet taste and a variety of flavors
91. Scientists will come up with
