
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Proposed systematic tuning scheme
2.1. Data acquisition module
2.2. Recording module
2.3. Relay algorithm
2.3.1. Energy
2.3.2. Steadiness
2.3.3. Randomness
2.4. Setting module
2.4.1. Procedure for determining Et
2.4.2. Procedure for determining MFt
2.4.3. Procedure for determining St
3. Algorithm testing
3.1. HIF and ILC data acquisition
3.2. Similar phenomena simulations
3.3. Determined setting values
4. Implementation
5. Discussion
5.1. HIFs on the Palash feeder with broken conductor
5.2. Similar phenomena
5.3. Importance of different criteria
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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| 543 |
Computer Standards & Interfaces, Volume 28, Issue 1, July 2005, Pages 43-58
Hai He, Yifang Zhong, Chilan Cai
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Abstract
Complex real-time systems usually consist of heterogeneous components. These components interact with different semantics. Modeling these systems normally need integrating several domain-specific tools such as UML, Simulink. But interchanging data between these tools is very difficult. UML is a standard modeling language for object-oriented software development, used more and more in real-time domain. It provides several extensibility mechanisms to allow modeling special domains. This paper presents a generic framework, which is based on UML notations and metamodels, for heterogeneous modeling real-time systems. So engineers from different domains can work together on a unified platform.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Overview of UML and UML-RT
3. The running example: a hybrid electric vehicle controller
4. Heterogeneous modeling of real-time systems
4.1. Modeling abstract syntax
4.2. Modeling concrete syntax and syntactic mapping
4.3. Modeling semantic domains and semantic mapping
5. Generic framework
5.1. Basic concepts
5.2. Event-driven framework
5.3. Time-continuous framework
5.4. Generic framework
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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| 544 |
Computer Networks, Volume 50, Issue 8, 6 June 2006, Pages 1069-1085
Raffaele Bolla, Roberto Bruschi, Franco Davoli
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Abstract
A new mechanism for capacity planning of a Virtual Private Network, carrying both Quality of Service (QoS) and Best-Effort (BE) IP traffic is introduced. The link bandwidth allocation in the network is based on a hybrid combination of analytical and simulation models. The allocation tool works in three phases: phase 1 and 2 deal with the assessment of the capacities needed to satisfy requirements for QoS and BE traffic individually; the effects of multiplexing gains arising from traffic mixing are taken into account in phase 3. There are two analytical parts, based on a simplified version of call-level traffic models, derived from teletraffic theory of circuit-switched networks, and on an algorithmic procedure to compute the distribution of average values of BE traffic flows, respectively. The same algorithm is used inside a fast simulation model, adopting a fluid representation of TCP traffic aggregates. The tool is tested both on simple networks and on a more complex real national backbone.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Network, traffic and problem description
3. The BE traffic models
3.1. The simulative model
3.2. The stationary model
4. The dimensioning mechanism
4.1. QoS traffic dimensioning
4.2. BE traffic dimensioning
4.3. The final dimensioning
5. Numerical results
6. Conclusions
Appendix A. Appendix
Appendix B. Appendix
References
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| 545 |
Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, Volume 20, Issue 1, February 2007, Pages 55-59
Wen-yuan CHENG, Yan CHANG, De-gang CUI, Xiang-hui XIE
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Abstract
| To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircraft structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm (PPGA) is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources. | Purchase $ 31.50 |
| 546 |
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 93, Issue 9, September 2005, Pages 719-738
Anne D. Cope, Kurtis R. Gurley, Massimiliano Gioffre, Timothy A. Reinhold
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Abstract
Mitigation of the damage caused by windstorms to low-rise buildings is a high priority in the wind engineering community. The development of cost-effective methods to withstand the effects of extreme winds can be advanced through improved modeling of wind loads acting on low-rise roof structures. This study explores the effects of the spatial and probabilistic characteristics of pressure fields on the aggregate uplift acting on roof panels of low-rise gable roof buildings representative of typical homes. Pressure time histories obtained at roof locations for buildings of varying roof slope at several angles of incidence in the boundary layer wind tunnel at Clemson University are used to characterize the correlation statistics between tap locations and model the marginal probability density function at individual tap locations. This information is incorporated into a multi-variate non-Gaussian simulation algorithm to study the effects of various levels of correlation on the aggregate uplift on sheathing panels. Comparisons are made between the simulated aggregate uplift and ASCE 7–98 provisions [Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-98 Standard, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York [1]] as well as laboratory generated failure capacities for sheathing panels.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Wind tunnel testing
2.2. Correlation coefficients
2.3. Probabilistic characterization
2.4. Simulation study-aggregate uplift vs. sheathing capacity
3. Results
3.1. Correlation coefficients
3.1.1. Eave tap correlation with first roof (gable) tap
3.1.2. First roof (gable) tap correlation with interior roof taps
3.2. Probability density function fitting
3.2.1. Cornering winds
3.2.2. Winds parallel to the ridgeline
3.2.3. Winds perpendicular to the ridgeline
3.3. Simulation study—aggregate uplift vs. sheathing capacity
4. Summary
Acknowledgements
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Signal Processing, Volume 81, Issue 7, July 2001, Pages 1465-1478
B. G. Sherlock, Y. P. Kakad
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Abstract
When processing a signal or an image using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) or discrete sine transform (DST), a typical approach is to extract a portion of the signal by windowing and then form the DCT or DST of the window contents. By shifting the window point by point over the signal, the entire signal may be processed. Previously, algorithms have been developed to “update” the DCT and DST simultaneously to reflect the modified window contents using less computation than directly evaluating the modified transform via standard fast transform algorithms. These algorithms are limited to a single point step between successive windows. In this paper, these results are extended to handle larger step sizes, i.e. an algorithm is developed to simultaneously update the DCT and DST to reflect inclusion of r, where 1rN−1, additional data points and removal of r old points from the signal. Algorithms are derived for use with rectangular, split triangular (trapezoidal), Hanning, Hamming and Blackman windows, and implementations in the C language are given. Examples of applications where this algorithm would be useful include data communication where time constraints may not permit the immediate processing of every incoming data point, adaptive system identification, real-time analysis of financial market data, etc.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Basic algorithm for non-windowed data
2.1. Derivation of algorithm
2.2. Implementation
3. Algorithms for windowed data
3.1. Moving DCT/DST for trapezoidal window
3.2. Implementation
3.3. Algorithms for Hamming, Hanning and Blackman windows
3.4. Implementation
4. Computational complexity
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
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| 548 |
Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 45, Issue 1, June 2003, Pages 195-214
Joseph Chung-Yu Su, Shi-Jie (Gary) Chen, Li Lin
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Abstract
Engineering designs involving multiple factors that interact with one another have drawn researchers' attention for decades. In today's competitive global market, which demands rapid response to customer needs, speeding up the product development process has become more crucial than ever. Axiomatic Design (AD) is one design theory that provides a systematic approach to engineering design. Based on the independence axiom in AD, unacceptable solutions can be identified in a domain mapping process during the early design stage. As AD accepts only uncoupled and decoupled designs, design solutions with interacting parameters are not considered appropriate. However, many engineering designs do involve couplings, especially for the design of large and complex systems, even though these couplings may have various degrees of strength. To expedite the design process, design engineers may ignore some weak couplings that have little influence on the design outcome so that the design tasks can proceed with fewer interactions. The intention of this research is to develop methods for measuring functional dependency and sequencing of coupled tasks in engineering design so as to improve the design process. First, we rearrange the design matrix using partitioning algorithm to reveal the structure and sequence of design processes. Next, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to measure the strength of the coupled design tasks. To reduce the comparison effort in AHP, a comparison scale assignment algorithm is developed. Finally, we provide an algorithm for finding the best processing sequence of the coupled tasks in terms of the measured coupling strengths. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated by an illustrative example showing the design of a one-time-use camera.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
2.1. Axiomatic design
2.2. Methods of measuring the coupling strengths
3. Methodology
3.1. Rearrangement of the binary design matrix
3.2. Measuring the functional couplings
3.2.1. Comparison scheme
3.2.2. Pairwise comparisons for FRs and DPs
3.2.3. Consistent comparison scale assignment algorithm (CCSAA)
3.2.4. Eigen-function evaluation
3.2.5. Post-transformation
3.3. Sequencing the coupled design tasks
4. An illustrative example
4.1. Measuring the functional couplings
4.2. Sequencing the coupled design tasks
5. Conclusions
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Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 54, Issues 1-4, 25 May 2001, Pages 201-211
Simon Bell
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AbstractAbstract | ReferencesReferences
Abstract
Forest planners, designers and managers have to incorporate visual landscape management into their plans as part of sustainable forest management (SFM). Over the last 20 years since the first “Our Visual Landscape” conference there have been numerous developments in visual management and design processes and techniques. Other developments, as part of SFM, such as ecosystem management and the need for more public participation in forestry planning, have also influenced the directions of forest management. The design of forest harvest units based on emulation of landscape patterns and processes means that landscape change can be driven by non-visual issues and principles and the earlier models developed for visual landscape management are no longer necessarily valid. However, the need for public participation means that landscape perception, in a broad sense, has become very important. Communication tools, such as computer visualisations of proposed landscape change have also been developed and present valuable possibilities. In order to help managers deal with both the changing forest landscape and the changing nature of perception, an approach is suggested that links landscape patterns and their manipulation with perceptions of them in order to help the development of positive design. In order for this to progress more effectively, several lines of research and development are suggested.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Changes in visual landscape management and design since 1979
2.1. Scenery management versus forest landscape design
2.2. Applied landscape ecology and ecosystem management
2.3. Computer simulation
2.4. Public participation in forestry planning
3. Landscape patterns
4. Landscape perception
5. Questions for research and development
6. Conclusions
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| 550 |
Computational Materials Science, Volume 42, Issue 4, June 2008, Pages 3-652
Liang Huang, He Yang, Mei Zhan
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Abstract
The splitting spinning is one of newly rising, green flexible forming technologies. Since the splitting spinning process is a complicated plastic forming process under multi-factor effects, FE numerical simulation is adopted to research on the modeling process in order to predict and control the splitting spinning process. To establish a practical 3D-FE model for the investigation and understanding of the splitting spinning process is one of the key problems urgently to be solved in the research and development of this advanced spinning technology. In this paper, a reasonable 3D-FE model of splitting spinning has been developed under the FE software environment of ABAQUS. The procedures are summarized, and the comparisons of the modeling process between splitting spinning and traditional spinning are presented. Some key technologies are proposed, such as: (1) a formula among velocity, displacement and time is deduced to obtain the exact forming time; (2) the flow stress model is introduced to describe the strain-hardening; (3) the shear failure model is introduced to predict whether to fracture in the radial direction; (4) adaptive meshing technology is used to avoid the appearance of distorted elements; and (5) the reasonable frictional type and constraint type are defined to control the quality of flanges accurately. The model is validated by energy conservation principle and comparison with experimental data. The established 3D-FE model of splitting spinning describes the quantitative relationships between the forming conditions and the forming results by analysis of the variations of spinning force, stress field and strain field with time, and it provides the basis for the determination and optimization of the splitting spinning process. Furthermore, the modeling method is also of general significance to hot or other states of splitting spinning.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Description of the splitting spinning process
3. Establishment of 3D-FE model of splitting spinning
3.1. Modeling method and its characteristics
3.2. Key technologies treatments
3.2.1. Determination of forming time
3.2.2. Determination of flow stress model
3.2.3. Choice of fracture criterion
3.2.4. Application of adaptive meshing technology
3.2.5. Definition of frictional type
3.2.6. Definition of constraint type
4. Results and discussion
4.1. Verification of 3D-FE model of splitting spinning
4.1.1. Energy conversation verification
4.1.2. Spinning force verification
4.2. Evaluation of 3D-FE model of splitting spinning
4.2.1. Splitting spinning force
4.2.2. Equivalent stress field
4.2.3. Equivalent plastic strain field
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
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