
学 生 刘娟娟
年 级 07级本科
专 业 学前教育
系 别 教育系
英文资料:
Groenefeld art education thought
Groenefeld is the American art educator. His art education thought is called tools theory. Groenefeld think "art education for our education system and the main contribution of society, is that emphasis on personal and self create potential, especially in art can integrate the harmony in the process of growing up, all made a mental and physical health of the people." Therefore, he is very emphasis on education, pay attention to the value of art creation, stands for the process of fine arts to create promote children's sound development.
Groenefeld advocate teachers should not interfere with the children's art of study, don't try to teach children how to drawing, but should according to its development stage and age characteristics, providing them with the self-expression opportunities, the choice of appropriate performance and materials, and cause theme and maintain the motivation of creation, let children they freely in their own speed, ways to self-expression, the development of artistic ability. Groenefeld think this process of self-expression than shows the results appear important.
译文:
罗恩菲尔德的美术教育思想
罗恩菲尔德是美国美术教育家。他的美术教育思想被称为工具论。罗恩菲尔德认为“艺术教育对我们的教育系统和社会的主要贡献,在于强调个人和自我创造的潜能,尤其在于艺术能和谐地统整成长过程中的一切,造就出身心健康的人”。因此,他非常强调美术教育的价值,重视美术创作的过程,主张通过美术创作促进儿童健全发展。
罗恩菲尔德倡导教师不应干涉儿童美术的学习,不要试图教儿童如何画画,而应按照其发展的阶段及年龄特点,为他们提供自我表现的机会,选择适当的表现主题与材料,引起并维持儿童创作的动机,让他们自由自在地以自己的速度、自己的方式进行自我表现,发展美术能力。罗恩菲尔德认为这种自我表现的过程远比表现出来的结果显得重要。
罗恩菲尔德在儿童美术的评价方面,提出了自己的主张,他认为,儿童所创作出来的作品是他们身心两方面的发展。所以,他把儿童的感情、智能、身体动作、知觉、社会性、美感、创造七个方面的发展作为主观评价标准;把发展阶段、技巧和作品的组织三个方面作为客观评价标准。
英文资料:
In recent years local resource development and young children's art education research and reviewed in this paper
Make full use of local resources to develop school education this thought decades ago, China was put forward, such as Tao Xingzhi’s "life is education", "social namely course", "live rural education to living environment"; Chen Heqin’s "nature, society is a book" and so on, but because of the western education thought and the country we the effect of the uniform curriculum, did not fully implement. In recent years, with the middle and primary school education reform and the large-scale kindergarten guidelines for the promulgation of the local resource development and use in education caused widespread concern, especially as a relay human emotion and the ideas of art field, more and more the school actively invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the research project.
一、A children's art education, the local resource development and utilization of the status quo
Previously, using local resources to develop children's art education more is relatively backward in the kindergarten, poverty, education because of lack of funds. But as the kindergarten education guidelines for, especially China into the promulgation development and utilization of local resources to develop children's art education more and more get the favor of practitioners, the related research also have mushroomed. Comprehensive research, mainly present situation of all kinds are as follows:
1, The development and utilization of natural resources.
Art education in preschool, natural resources in the development of local resource is the most simple, use the most extensive a. Study many practice in a variety of ways to workers will be natural resources is introduced into the children's art education. In fine arts course field points, use most is made by hand, such as use of vegetable, fruit for sculpture, pincha; Using the buttons, woven for sewing, string; Soybeans, melon seeds, the leaves to paste adornment; Straw broom, tied for SIMS; Wild flower arrangement and so on, to learn weeds in the development of the child hands-on ability, imagination, creativity, expressive, etc. Second is to enjoy, such as using the four seasons change, harvest season and led the children in the park, to go out for a walk or organization observation, play and other activities, and guide the kids to appreciate the beauty of nature, and extended to painting activity, thus raising children to feel beauty, displays beauty ability.
2, Development and utilization of regional culture resources
Folk art in the development and utilization of local culture resources development present situation of the advantage of overwhelmingly. The "" period, all kinds of kindergarten in local unique folk art according to the variety of research, such as tearing, paper cutting, paper art, pottery, cloth art, printing, dyeing, shadow play and knitting, embroidery, and so on, in the guide children participate in the process of promoting the development of the children, and complete the nation's outstanding culture inheritance and national emotion of the students. At the same time, this activities often by regional culture, so in addition to support manual field outside, basic can form a complete teaching system, thus the protruding shows him run kindergarten characteristics.
3, Development and utilization of social life resource
In the social life of the open and utilization of resources, the development and utilization of the Chinese traditional festivals is the most prominent. This is because traditional festival much more special, the Spring Festival, lantern, National Day, the Mid-Autumn festival, clarity, and so on, each holiday involve it special significance, people everywhere and all have different ways of the celebration of the feast and customs, this is a unique local resources, it caught the particularity of the traditional festival, guide children to feel traditional festival the happiness and significance to child, love the motherland, love home education become everyone's consensus. Second, is now at the great development of all time, home changing and various and of all kinds of propaganda, festival activities have become good children's art education, resources into participating in the community construction process, loving home, foster kids for the hometown construction contributes thoughts and feelings.
4, Development and utilization of family resources
Under the guidance of family education, the development and utilization of resources gain the extensive attention. Mainly displays in: (1) explore the family can draw will do the artistic talents. Family, especially in the rural family has a lot of folk craft will talents, their children's art education as will the resources, please they make handicraft for young children enjoy or teaching child to carry out their art activities; (2) change the concept of parents, get the support of the parents. As in art activities before introduced all activities of content and meaning, please parents with children collect natural materials, and carry out the parent-child activities such as beauty, change the conclusion of aesthetic education concept, parents light won understanding and support.
二、the existing problems and some Suggestions
(一) The problems:
To sum up, the children's education workers are acutely aware that the development and use of local resources to develop children's art education, the importance of the attempt in various ways of local resource into fine arts course, but there are still many problems:
1, kindergarten teachers to native resources development the consciousness and ability is insufficient, still have many resources buried, idle and waste. From the present situation of the development of local resource can be seen, the children's art activities of local resource development is not comprehensive, mainly concentrated in the natural environment, nature materials, folk art, traditional holiday and the family, and many resources such as customs, local culture and the historical events and celebrity anecdotes, community organizations, network resources not involved, have caused a large number of resources is wasted.
2, the kindergarten teachers development of local resource with no in time discussing deeply in the fine arts education, the validity and education value isn't high enough. The literature to see, the teacher due to a lack of certain theoretical guidance, the development of local resource mostly only stay in the specific operation platform should face, do not blow to resources in import way, using methods, the use effect of reflection and discussion and summary, so in use are short-term sex and superficial sex, can not very well reflect agrestic resources use value.
3, kindergarten teachers did not form development and use of local resources to develop children's art education operating strategy system, development and utilization of curriculum resources is art process is chaotic, and no system.
(二) Some suggestions:
1, Wanting to develop local resource and fine arts course construction combined. Course construction is a field goal from- -organization-evaluation content cycle, constantly adjust the complete system, the development of the local resource in the whole of only throughout the process, it is namely with targts, plans to establish a clear goal and plan out into the ways and choose suitable operating way, and in after the implementation of the effective reflection and evaluation, can completely and systematically organization development, and not cause waste of resources.
2, The local resource development and to the professional development of teachers combination. Development of local resource are the subject of the teacher, and only master of fine arts education law, clear children local resource development significance, with the development of local resource ability of the teachers can will local resource into effect, to further, let local resource and young children's art perfect union. So on the one hand, the teacher wants to develop teachers' development of local resource consciousness, on the other hand in the development process to often organization teacher studies earnestly theory knowledge and the advanced experience of the others, and carry out the relevant practice, communication, research activities, and in the light of the kindergarten teacher to spare, the lack of practice the theory, characteristics of the theoretical workers actively cooperation or guidance from improving teachers' professional level, to ensure the effectiveness of local resource development.
3, Development of local resource and kindergarten management combined. The kindergarten leaders have to pay attention to the local resource development projects, positive for local resource development provide service and support: (1) make policy resources development work, work for teachers improve facilities, (2) establishing incentive mechanism. Encourage teachers' active development with the local characteristics of fine arts course resources, pay attention to the training of teachers, encourage teachers to research the comprehensive utilization of resources, environment course foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, outstanding individual character, forms the school the characteristics. (3) to strengthen the development of local resource evaluation and management, avoid to make art education in local resource development and utilization of the superficial machinery and formalism.
