一、知识目标:陈述句的构成。
二、重难点:陈述句的肯定式与否定式的构成区别。
三、知识链接:
(一)陈述句的概念:
用来说明事实或陈述说话人看法的句子就是陈述句。
陈述句的分类
陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。
肯定陈述句
肯定陈述句有以下两种结构。
(1)主语+ 谓语+其他
如:She likes this T-shirt.
I lost my book.
He thinks himself very cleaver.
(2.) 主语+ 系动词+表语
如:The two cars are both black.
She and I are teachers.
The dogs is very interesting.
(3)主语+ 情态动词+动词原形+其他
如:He must study English.
否定陈述句
否定陈述句有以下四种结构。
(1)谓语为be 动词时,“be + not”构成否定。
如:She is not in good health.
They are not students.
(2 ) 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时,“do/ does + not”。
如:I don’t believe her.
She doesn’t go to the cinema last night.
(3) 谓语为情态动词时“情态动词+ not+动词原形+其他”构成否定
肯定变否定句
(1)当肯定句中的谓语动词含有be动词、情态动词或助动词时,变为否定句, 要在这些动词后加not.
如:She is a teacher.
She is not a teacher.
(2) 当肯定句中的谓语动词只是行为动词时,变为否定句,要用“助动词do/ does+ not + 动词原形”。
如:I go to work by car.
I don’t go to work by car.
(3) 当肯定句中的谓语动词只是情态动词时, 变为否定句,要用“情态动词+ not+动词原形”。
I can cook the meals。
I can not cook the meals.
【练一练1】
( ) 1. My sister ______ moon cakes with eggs in them.
A. don’t like B. doesn’t like C. doesn’t likes D. doesn’t liking
2. He often does his homework at home. 变为否定句
_______________________________________________________________
3. We are good friends. 变为否定句
4. I can swim. 变为否定句
5 . He doesn’t goes to the zoo every Sunday.(改错题) ( )_________
A B C D
6. Does Li Lei likes sports? (判断正误)( )
(二)一般疑问句
(1)一般疑问句的概念。
一般疑问句就是对一件事或一种情况是否属实提出疑问的句子。
(2)一般疑问句通常以be, have, 助动词或情态动词开头,回答时用Yes或No开头。
如:Are you a student? Yes, I am . / No, I ‘m not.
Do you like English? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
(三)特殊疑问句
(1) 特殊疑问句的概念。
殊疑问句就是对句子中的某一部分提出疑问,并要求对方做出回答的句子。常用疑问词what, who, whose, when, why, where, how等词引导。回答不是“是yes”或者“否no”的问句,根据提问内容具体回答。
(2)特殊疑问词的用法。
when 什么时间(问时间) | what date 什么日期 (问具体日期) |
who 谁(问人) | what place什么地点(问具体地址) |
whose 谁的 (问主人) | how …怎么样 (问情况) |
where 在哪里 (问地点) | how old 多大 (问年龄) |
which 哪一个 (问选择) | how many 多少 (问数量) |
why 为什么( 问原因) | how much 多少 (问价钱) |
what 什么 (问东西) | how about …怎么样( 问意见) |
what time 什么时间( 问时间的点数) | how far 多远( 问路程) |
what colour 什么颜色 (问颜色) | how long 多长( 问时间) |
what about…怎么样 (问意见) | How soon 多快,多久( 问时间) |
what day 星期几( 问星期) | How often多久 (问频率) |
有am, is, are的句子,
肯定句变否定句:在am, is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。
肯定句变一般疑问句:把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, Are,其余照抄。
肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问):分3步骤
第一步:先变一般疑问句
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。
注意:1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是,如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,语序不变,
为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。
例如:
1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换
肯定句:This is a book.
否定句:This is not a book.
一般疑问句:Is this a book?
肯定回答:Yes, it is.
否定回答:No, it isn’t.
2.就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)
This is a book.
第一步:变一般疑问句 Is this a book?
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ?
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。What is this?
没有am, is, are的句子,
肯定句变否定句:在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形
肯定句变一般疑问句:在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意:动词用原形
肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问):分3步骤
第一步:先变一般疑问句
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。
注意:1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是,如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,语序不变,
为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。
2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
非单三时用do, 单三时用does
非单三 肯定句:I like English.
一般疑问句:Do you like English?
否定句:I do not like English.
单三 肯定句:He likes English.
一般疑问句:Does he like English?
否定句:He does not like English.
就划线部分提问:I like English.
第一步:先变一般疑问句 Do you like English?
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。What do you like?
【练一练2】
1.He does well in Maths. (改为否定句)
2.Mike runs as fast as Ben. (改为一般疑问句)
3. I get to the shopping centre by bus. (对画线部分提问)
4. I like autumn best. (改为否定句)
5. I know his telephone number. (改为一般疑问句)
( )1. ________ you ________ at home next Sunday?
A. Are, be B. Will, be C. Do, be
( )2.---Mum, can I go to Ben’s house?
---________.
A. Of course you can B. Don’t play with him C. That’s right
( )3. ---________ I have a look at the picture?
--- Yes, you________.
A.Can, must B.Can, may C.May, can
( )4.---May I have some spring onions?
--- ________.
A. Yes, you are. B. Yes, I can C. Yes, please.
( )5.---Mike. Can you help me?
--- OK. ________.
A.You’ll help me. B. I’m going. C. I’m coming.
( )6. A: ________do you watch TV? B: Every day.
A. How long B. How much C. How often
( )7. --- ________is that book?
--- ________ book?
--- The one on your desk.
--- It's Tom's.
A.Who's, What B. Who's, Which C. Whose, Which
( )8.Do you have new teachers?
A.Yes,we do . B.Yes,we don’t. C.Yes,we have .
( )9. _________ he _________ to the park at 6:30 in the morning? No, he _________.
A. Does, goes, does B. Does,go, doesn’t C. Does, go, does
( )10. She usually _________ her friends. They often _________ tea.
A. see,drink B. sees,drinks C. sees,drink
( )11. _________ your father _________ diving? No, he _________. He _________ writing stories.
A. Does, like, doesn’t, likes
B. Does, likes, doesn’t, like
C. Do, like, don’t, likes
( )12. Xiaoling _________ playing table tennis very much.
A. like B. likes C. is
( )13. _________ Mrs. Chen worried about Jiamin’s study?
A. Is, B. Does C. Are
( )14. ? Her name is Chen Jie.
A.What’s your name ? B. What’s she name ? C. What’s her name ?
( )15. ? I like Chinese, math and English.
A.What classes do you like?
B.What do you like?
C.What are you like ?
key: 1-5 BACCC 6-10 CCABC 11-15 ABACB
二、将下列句子变为否定句,每空一词。
1.This is a desk.
This ________ a desk.
2.Grandpa tells stories to us every evening.
Grandpa ________ ________ stories to us every evening.
3.He can draw pictures.
He _______ draw pictures.
4.He has a nice watch.
He _______ _______ a nice watch.
5.They do a lot of homework at school.
They ________ ________ a lot of homework at school.
三、下列句子变成一般疑问句
1.I am listening to music. _______________________________________
2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________
3. Sarah can clean the classroom. ________________________________________
4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________
5. There are some flowers in the vase. ________________________________________
6.This is my sister. _________________________________________
7.We are sweeping the floor. _________________________________________
四、划线部分提问。
1. They are going to play table tennis tomorrow.
________ ________ they going ________ ________ tomorrow?
2. It takes more than two weeks to get there.
________ ________ ________ it ________to get there?
3. They get up at six thirty.
________ ________ ________they ________ up?
4. I take exercise every morning.
________ ________ ________ you ________exercise?
5. We are going to see tigers in the zoo.
________ ________ you ________ to see tigers?
Key:1.What, are , to , do 2. How, long , does, take 3. What . time, do , get
4. How, often , do, take 5. Where , are, going