A.一般句式的构成: A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B (e.g She is taller than me.)
B.形容词比较等级有三个:原级,比较级和最高级。
i.规则变化:
1.单音节词末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
e.g great greater greatest; small smaller smallest
2.单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)
e.g fine finer finest; wide wider widest
3.闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
e.g big bigger biggest; hot hotter hottest; red redder reddest
4.少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)。以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。
e.g clever cleverer cleverest; narrow narrower narrowest; able abler ablest; easy easier easiest
5.其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
e.g careful-more careful-most careful; difficult-more difficult-most difficult
ii.不规则变化:
good/ well ----- better ------ best
bad ----- worse ----- worst
many/much ----- more ----- most
little ----- less ----- least
far ----- farther/further ----- farthest/furthest
注:有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如: right, wrong, woolen等。
C.在形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,……来修饰,表示“……的多”,“甚至……”,“更……”,“……一些”。
e.g 1. Our city is much more beautiful than yours. 我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。
2. He is even slower than before. 他比以前更慢了。
4. Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本只比德国大一点儿。
D.表示倍数:…times+形容词比较级+than…
e.g 1. Our room is twice larger than theirs.
我们的房间比他们的大二倍。
2. The Yangtze River is ten times longer than the river in your city.
长江比你们城市的河长十倍。
E.表示“大三岁”,“高二厘米”时要用“表示数、量的词+比较级”来表示。
e.g I'm two years older than you. 我比你大二岁。
F.“比较级+ than any other +单数名词”表示“比其他的任何……都……”(这个句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。)
e.g He is better than any other student in the class. 他在班里,比任何一个别的学生都好。(暗指:他是最好的)
G.比较级+and+比较级”译为“越来越……”
e.g 1. The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
地球变得越来越暖和。
2. China is more and more beautiful.
中国变得越来越美丽
H.“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”译为“越……就越……”
e.g The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙就越高兴。
I.“the+比较级+ of the two”译为“两个中比较……的”。
e.g This watch is the cheaper of the two.
这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。
J.如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the,而且还用of the two, of the pair短语:
e.g John is the clever of the two boys.
Of the two boys, John is the clever.
K.Which/ Who is+比较级,A or B?”
注:A or B,只能用or不能用and。
e.g Who is happier, you or your father? 你和你父亲,谁幸福?
I am.我/ My father is. 我父亲。
II.最高级:
A.概念:表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。
B.句型:A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of(in)…
e.g Tom is the happiest of us all. 汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。
C.of…和in…的区别
i.“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”;“在……中”
of the four…… 在四个之中;of all(people) 在所有的人之中
ii.“in+范围、场所”译为“在……之中”;“在……之内”
in China 在中国;in the world 在世界上;in my family 在我们家
D.one of the +最高级,表示“是最……之一者”
e.g Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。
注:one of the +最高级,后面要加上名词的复数,即为”one of the +最高级+复数名词”
E.“most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词或most of+代词”,表示“大多数,大部分的……”
e.g Most of the boys are good. 大多数的男孩是好样的。
III.原级:as…as…; not as(so)…as…
We’ll give you as much help as we can.
She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
A.too…to与 so…that sb.can’t…的句型转换:
e.g The man was too angry to be able to speak.
The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
B.too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换:
He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
C.形容词原级表示比较级含义:
John is not so stupid as Mike. =John is less stupid than Mike. =John is cleverer than Mike.
IV.比较级特殊表达:
A.用比较级表示最高级:
John is taller than any other boy in the class.
=John is the tallest boy in the class.
=John is taller than any other boy.
any of the other boy. =all the other boy. =any of the others. =any one else.
B.the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:
The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
C.more and more….表示“越来……越……”:
V.错误辨析:
A.比较对象混淆不清
[典型错误] My bike is newer than you.
[应改为]My bike is newer than yours.
此处比较对象是bike,而不是某个人。
B.主格、宾格时有差异
一般说来,than后可接主格代词,也可接宾格代词。但有时,用主格和宾格却有不同的含义。例如:
Mother loves me better than he(loves me).母亲爱我胜过他爱我。
Mother loves me better than him.母亲爱我胜过爱他。
C.注意比较级前的修饰语
[典型错误]Your watch is very newer than mine.
very绝不可用来修饰比较级,常用来修饰比较级的词有much,a little等。
D.比较级是两者相比,具有排它的特点
不可说:Shanghai is bigger than any city in China.
应改为:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
注:如不属同一范围,则不用other。如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Italy.上海比意大利任何城市都大。
E.最高级特殊句型
1."one of +形容词最高级+复数名词"表示"最......之一"。如:
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。
2."序数词+形容词最高级+单数可数名词"表示"第几......"。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二大河。