Understanding Science | 授课类型 | Classroom teaching | ||||
授课时间 | 第5、6 周第 节 | |||||
教学目标或要求: ✧understand the main idea ( to ensure the survival of human civilization, measures must be taken to help the public understand science) and structure of the text; ✧appreciate the style difference between narrative writing and expository writing; ✧grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; ✧conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities centered upon the theme of the unit. | ||||||
教学内容(包括基本内容、重点、难点): Part I Pre-reading Tasks 1. What makes Hawking’s achievements so remarkable? 2. What’s the author’s opinion about the effect of scientific development on human society? Do you agree with him? Do we need to do other things to ensure that scientific development will do good to human society? Part II Text: Writing for myself 1.Structure of the text Introduction of the topic--- Para. 1-3 Developing the topic with supporting details--- Para. 4-6 Conclusion --- Para. 7 This is the typical structure of Exposition 2.Cultural points 1)A brief introduction to Stephen Hawking. (T’s book P. 27) 2)Frankenstein (T’s book P. 28) 3)The Sky at Night: a popular television program on BBC since 1957. 4)A brief introduction to Albert Einstein. 3.Grammatical points 1)Word formation Affixation: impossible, cooperate, disbelieve, unable… / gentleness, government, booklet, inhabitant… Conversion: book, benefit, yahoo… Compounding: deadline, snowfall, moreover, outside… Back-formation: editor – edit, laser – lase, donation –donate… Blending: newscast = news+ broadcast, brunch = breakfast + lunch, motel = motor + hotel Abbreviation: clipped words(截短词): business – biz, bicycle – bike, examination – exam Initialisms(缩略词): U. S. A., P. R. C. (只按字母发音) Acronyms(首字母缩略词): AIDS, NATO (有自己的读音) 2) Nor等表示否定意义的词置于句首时,句子实行倒装。 e.g. Hardly _____ the helicopter ________ when the waiting crowd ran toward it.(1990. 6/69) A. had, landed B has, landed C did, land D was, landing 4.Words, phrases and sentence structures [1] attitude:~ to/towards… e.g. Pete's attitude towards women really scares me. e.g. His son’s attitude to work made him angry. take/ assume/ adopt a friendly (hostile) attitude 采取友好(敌对)态度 maintain an ~ 持…态度 strike an ~ 装模作样 positive /negative ~ 积极/消极态度 a hands-off ~ 袖手旁观的态度 a resolute ~ 坚决的态度 [2] likely:1) adj. probable. It is likely that …..;be likely to do likelihood n. e.g. Snow showers are likely tomorrow. e.g. the most likely cause of the problem e.g. It is likely that he will be late.→He is likely to be late. more/less/most/least likely e.g. Young drivers are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers. e.g. It is more than likely (=almost certain) the votes will have to be counted again. e.g. It could have been an accident, but that was hardly likely (=not very likely) 2) adv. probably (often preceded by “ most”, “more than”, or “very”, You don’t use it as an ad. on its own.) e.g. It is reported that another sandstorm will very likely come in the next 24 hours. e.g. We will most likely stay home during the Spring Festival. (as) likely as not, spoken (=very probably) e.g. As likely as not, the meeting will take place in the village pub. [3] privilege n. vt. be privileged to do sth. [4] do without:manage to survive, continue, or succeed although you do not have sth. you need, want, or usu. have 没有…而设法对付过去 e.g. I don't have any sugar so you'll have to do without. e.g. You can do without a carpet but you've got to have somewhere to sit. [5] highly:1) very; to a high level or standard e.g. Mr. Smith was a highly successful salesman. It seems highly likely that she will take the job. e.g. Most of the people present at the meeting are highly educated women. [6] majority n.:minority ( the majority / a majority 把全部当作一个整体时视为单数,当作许多个体时视为复数。) e.g. The majority of students were (was) indifferent to the political meeting. e.g. Only a minority wants a war. e.g. It’s a monority opinion. be in (the) majority 占多数,过半数 e.g. We are in the minority, most people don’t want a war. [7] risky:rather dangerous危险的,冒险的,猥亵的 risk: n. court / incur risk 招致危险; take/face/ run the risk /risks of doing 冒…的危险; e.g. I couldn't take the risk of leaving him alone even for a short time. e.g. Many people are willing to take that risk in order to protect their families. reduce / lessen the risk of 减少…的危险 at the risk of doing sth冒可能(做某事)的危险; at risk to 冒(失去或殃及)…的危险 e.g. He saved her at the risk of his own life/at risk to himself/at risk to his own life. v. risk sth. ;Risk +doing;risk one’s neck:使…遭受危险,以…为赌注 e.g. When children start smoking, they don't realize that they're risking their health. e.g. You'd be crazy to risk your money on an investment like that! e.g. He risked his life helping others to escape. e.g. I'm not going to risk my neck (=risk my life) just to save a common criminal. [8] suppress bleeding/ a yawn / the truth/ a newspaper 止住 抑制 隐匿 查禁 [9] put/ turn the clock back: e.g. The employment bill(就业法) in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clock back fifty years. put the clock(s) back/forward: BE, to change the time shown on the clock to one hour earlier or later, when the time officially changes [10] cut off:stop providing (sth) e.g. cut off the supply of oil e.g. Water and electricity supplies in the city have been cut off because of the American air attacks. e.g. Their phone has been cut off because they haven’t paid the bill(账单). [11] bring about:make (sth) happen e.g. Some educators are hoping to bring about major changes in the educational system. e.g. Jealousy in a relationship is often brought about by a lack of trust. [12] inquire/ enquire:vt. vi. seek information by questioning; ask 1)~ sb’s name (address, telephone number); ~ the way ~ of sb. about/concerning/in regard to sth./ wh-clause 向…打听… ~ sth.of sb. (向某人) 询问; 查询… e.g. I will inquire his reason for being late. e.g. He inquired the way of the policeman. e.g. I inquired (of him) whether he would come to the party. e.g. I’d like to inquire (of the conductor) about the trains for London. 2) ~ after 问候,问安; inquire for 求见(某人)查购; inquire into 探究,调查 3) inquiring adj. inquiry n. [13] such … that / such as to do sth. (line 17):(formal or literary) e.g. His manner was such that he would offend everyone he met. e.g. It was such a foggy day that we could hardly see the road. e.g. The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking. e.g. His manner was such as to offend nearly everyone he met. Note: 这一句型也可把such 移到句首,这时后面的主语和系动词倒装;so 连同形容词或副词移到句首,这时它后面的主语和动词要倒装。 e.g. Such was the force of the explosion that all windows were broken. [14] initiative 1)(action taken to resolve a difficulty)为解决困难而采取的行动 2)(capacity to see what needs to be done and enterprise enough to do it, esp. without others’ help)主动性;自发性;积极性 on one’s own ~ 主动地;自发地;积极地; take the ~ 带头;倡导;发起 e.g. I wish my son would show a bit more ~ . e.g. The workers are able to solve the problems on their own ~ . e.g. Why don’t you take the initiative and arrange a meeting? e.g. It’s up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons. [15] slow down:vt. vi. e.g. It seems likely that the economy will slow down over the next twelve months. e.g. There is no cure for the disease, although drugs can slow down its rate of development. [16] rate: 1) the speed at which sth. happens over a period of time速度 e.g. The world’s forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts had thought. e.g. at this/that rate 以这样/那样的速度; 2) a certain amount of one thing considered in relation to a unit of another thing率;比率 e.g. Britain held the record of having the highest divorce rate in Europe. e.g. Businesses are closing all over that country at a rate of fifty a week e.g. walk at the rate of 4 kilometers an hour e.g. the birth rate 出生率; the rate of exchange兑换率; the divorce rate 离婚率; an interest rate 利率; a survival rate存活率; the discount rate折扣率 3) measure of value, charge or cost价值、费用、价格的量度 e.g. a first-rate job一等的工作; postal rates 邮资; advertising rates广告费; insurance rates 保险费; the first rate 一流; at any rate 不管怎样,无论如何; 区分:1) rate 率, 指各种百分率,如birth rate, death rate, the rate of production 等。 2) ratio(pl) 意为“比,比率,比例”,指数学上的比例关系, the ratio of A to B (A 与B之比,A 与B的比例) e.g. The ratio of 1 to 5 and 20 to100 are the same. e.g. Men outnumber women here in the ratio of three to one. 3) proportion比;比例;一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系 e.g. The proportion of imports to exports (i.e. excess of imports over exports) is worrying the government.进口与出口的比例(入超)令担忧。 e.g. The proportion of passes to failures in the final examination. [17] ensure:保证;保护 (不接~to do) 1) (make sure ) + n. / gerund/ that-clause e.g. This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep. e.g. I ensure doing the work well. e.g. I ensure that the work shall be finished on time. 2) ensure sb. from(against) sth 保护某人免受; ensure to/for sb. sth 保证给某人某东西 e.g. He ensured the old man from being killed by the enemy. e.g. I can’t ensure to (for) him everything he asks for. insure: 给…保险,以防… ~ against sth 保护某人免受(not “from’) (不接~ to do) e.g. She has insured the house for 3000 dollars. e.g. He has insured the building against fire and theft. e.g. My house is insured against fire. e.g. Are you insured for all risks? assure 使…相信,使…放心 assure +人称代词+从句; assure sb. of sth (不接~ to do) e.g. The doctor assured him that his child would recover from illness. e.g. I assured you of his honesty. [18] informed (line22): informed sources 消息灵通人士; well-informed/ badly informed; inform sb. of / about sth; inform sb. + that-clause /wh-通知某人一事; inform sb.; inform on (against) :告发 Note:在表示通知某人时,后不能直接跟that 从句,必须接宾语sb, 再接从句,或接of/ about +名词) e.g. They informed us of their arrival at Pudong Airport. e.g. We were informed that a big fire had broken out in the next town. e.g. His letter informed us how and when he was expected to arrive in Beijing. e.g. The thief informed on his accomplice. [19] be in/ of two minds about (sth.): be of the same mind (指同一人)想法不改变,意见不变 [20] audience: a collective countable noun, usually “a/an” e.g. The singer called for a member of the audience to join him on stage. e.g. His second book will attract a narrower audience, mainly teachers and college students. e.g. His book reached an even wider audience when it was filmed for television. [21] basis: ~for / of /that-clause e.g. The video will provide a basis for class discussion. e.g. You must stay at home, on the basis of the medical reports we have received. e.g. On the basis that recognizing the problem is halfway to a solution, we should pay much attention to his comments. 注:英语中的一些外来词(主要有拉丁语、希腊语、法语、意大利语、俄语、希伯来语)在构成复数时,有些保留了原有的复数形式。 Crisis →crises 危机 analysis→analyses 分析 axis →axes 轴心 Diagnosis →diagnoses 诊断 oasis →oases 绿洲 synopsis →synopses 内容提要 Parenthesis →parentheses 括弧 区别:basis \\ base\\ foundation base 多指工业或军事方面的基地。如a military base basis 意为“基础,根据”多用于比喻意义,如on the basis of foundation 指具体建筑物的“基础,地基”,也常用引申义,表示“根据,基础,基本原则”等,如lay a solid foundation (打下坚实的基础) [22].lie in(line 36):1.exist or be found in sth.在于 e.g. His skill lies in his ability to communicate quite complicated ideas. e.g. The play’s interest lies in the question it raises about marriage. e.g. The trouble lies in the engine. lie----lied ----lied 撒谎; lie----lay----lain 躺,卧,位于; lay ----laid ----laid 放,下蛋 [23] In terms of:根据, 按照, 用...的话, 在...方面 e.g. In terms of salary, the job is terrible. e.g. In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy can’t be criticized. e.g. The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage. [24] brief: to be brief 简单说,扼要地说; in brief 简言之,简单地说 e.g. To be brief, she was happy with that result. [25] in the form of:1) having the shape of以…的形状 e.g. The lane was in the form of a big “S”. e.g. The trees were laid out in the form of the figure eight. 2) existing in a particular form以…形式 e.g. They received a benefit in the form of a tax reduction. [26] grasp:抓住,抓紧,掌握,领会 e.g. grasp at any opportunity e.g. He grasped at anything that might help him. e.g. grasp the cat beyond /within one’s grasp ①为某人所不能/能抓到;②为某人所不能/能够理解 e.g. Applied mathematics was beyond the grasp of most of her students. e.g. She has a good grasp of the English language. e.g. a complete / thorough grasp 彻底了解; a fundamental/ profound grasp 初步/深刻了解 [27] Sufficient:as much as is needed, enough (often followed by for or to. Self-sufficient 自给自足的, CF. sufficient, enough, adequate enough,sufficient,adequate这三个词都表示“足够的”或“充分的”。其中只有enough可以用作副词或名词,含义仍为“足够的”。 [30] put across:cause to be understood有效地传达想法等,使了解 e.g. Good teachers are the ones who are able to put things across well. e.g. The government needs to put across the message that the economy is starting to recover. [31] proportion (line 56) e.g. A large proportion of the city’s population is aged over 50. e.g. The proportion of men to women in the medical profession has changed in recent years. in proportion to (prep.)与…成比例 e.g. The income tax increases in proportion to the amount we earn. in the proportion to (prep.)按…的比例 out of proportion (完全)不成比例,不合乎情理 [32] fit into (line 59):be part of a situation, system, or plan e.g. The new college course fit into a national education plan. e.g. College English videos are designed to fit into the syllabus. [33] …hence the sick joke that…: …therefore the sick joke spreads that… hence: 1) as a result, therefore: ~ noun/ clause/ adj./ adv. /prep. e.g. He’s an extremely private person; hence his reluctance to give interviews. e.g. He’s an extremely private person, hence he is reluctant to give interviews. e.g. He’s an extremely private person, hence reluctant to give interviews. e.g. The trade imbalance is likely to rise again in the 2000s. Hence a new set of policy actions will be required soon. e.g. It was a steep and difficult route and hence not too popular with walkers. 2) from this time e.g. I don’t know hwere I will be six month hence.(今后六月) e.g. The annual conference of APEC will be held in Shanghai seven months hence. e.g. It will be forgotten a year hence. (今后一年) [34] contact(line ):1) vt. e.g. Feel free to contact me if you need any help. e.g. I will contact the Tourist Information Bureau for further details. 2) n. e.g. break off contact 断绝交往; come in / into contact with 与…接触; establish/ make contact with 与…开始交往; keep in contact with 与…保持联系; contact lens 眼镜 Part III Post-reading Tasks 1. Style differences between narration and exposition: first ten lines of both text. Expositions often involve longer and more complicated sentences, third-person narration. Text A | Para. length | Sentence length | Simpler/ compound sentences? | Any passive voice? | Any dialogue? | Any 3rd person narrator? |
Unit 2 | shorter | shorter | simple | no | yes | no |
Unit 3 | Longer | longer | compound | Yes authoritative | no | Yes convincible |
1) Narrowing the scope of Discussion
2) Making clear your attitude toward the subject
3. T guides Ss through after-text exercises.
4. T checks on Ss’ home reading (text B). | |||
教学手段与方法: 1.Lecture as the basic teaching method. 2.Group discussion with teacher’s comments to enhance the students’ understanding of the text. 3.Questions and answers (either from the teacher or students) to check the students’ homework and their understanding of the text and the lecture, or to inspire the students to develop their own ideas about an issue. 4.Exercises and teacher’s comments to reinforce the language study. 5.Means of classroom instruction: traditional means of instruction. | |||
思考题、讨论题、作业: a) Preview or review the text; b) Learn the new words by heart; c) Do the exercises; d) Listen to New Concept English 2; e) Practice the skills of fast reading. | |||
参考资料(含参考书、文献等): 1.College English – Integrated Course 1 (Student’s Book), 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2001. 2.College English – Integrated Course 1 (Teacher’s Book), 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2001. 3.Listening and Speaking Course 1, 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2001. 4.新编英语语法程, 第二版, 1992, 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 5.牛津高阶英汉双解词典,第四版,1997, 商务印书馆,牛津大学出版社. 6.New Concept English 2 7.New Practical English Fast Reading,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004. |