| -able. a. == inclined to be;likely to be done | acceptable 可接受的 | readable 可读(认)的 | adaptable 可适应的 |
| -age. n. == the action,result or state of | shortage 缺乏，短缺 | reportage 报告文学 | parentage 出身，门第 |
| -al. n. == the action of,the person of | refusal 拒绝 | proposal 建议 | approval 认可 |
| criminal 犯罪分子 | rival 竞争者 | arrival 到达者 | |
| -al. a. == inclined to be;connected with;pertaining to | colonial 殖民的 | natural 自然的 | political 政治的 |
| -ed.[过去分词作定语] == 1)filled with;having the characteristics of. 2)done by | spirited(heated) argument 热烈的讨论 | honeyed word 甜言蜜语 | distracted 心情纷乱 |
| -ee. n. == one who receives | testee 考生，被测验者 | trainee 运动员，受训练的人 | payee 受款人 |
| -er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. == doer;device for | fighter 战士，战斗机 | radar 雷达 | pioneer 先锋队员 |
| -ic/ical. a. == relating to;resembling | scenic 风景的 | geometric 几何的 | geographical 地理的 |
| -ess/ine. n. == female | actress 女演员 | heroine 女英雄 | mayoress 女 |
| -ful. a. == full of | handful 一把，一撮 | mouthful 一口 | cupful 一满杯 |
| -fy. v. == make;reinforce | intensify 强化，加强 | purify 净化 | clarify 澄清 |
| -hood. n. == condition;state | childhood 儿童期 | brotherhood 手足之情 | bachelorhood 独身生活 |
| -ile. a. == likely to be | hostile 敌意的 | fragile 易碎的 | versatile 多才多艺的 |
| -ility. n. == quality of | feasibility 可行的 | servility 奴性，卑屈 | mobility 易动的 |
| -ing. a. == having the quality of | disturbing 令人不安的 | surprising 令人吃惊的 | encouraging 振奋人心的 |
| -ion/ation. n. == action of;process of | indication 指示 | relaxation 放松 | perfection 完美无缺 |
| -ish. a. == having the quality of | childish 幼稚的 | bookish 书生气的 | devilish 魔鬼似的 |
| -ism. n. == doctrine;belief | capitalism 资本主义 | adventurism 冒险主义 | opportunism 机会主义 |
| -ist. n. == 1)believer in. 2)expert of | romanticist 浪漫主义作家 | economist 经济学家 | nationalist 民族主义者 |
| -istic. a. == full of | realistic 现实的 | artistic 艺术的 | humanistic 人道的 |
| -ive. a. == inclined to;having the quality of | instructive 有教育意义的 | offensive 进攻性的 | constructive 建设性的 |
| -ize. v. == make or cause to become | realize 实现 | organize 组织 | popularize 普及，推广 |
| finalize 使...了结 | economize 节省，节约 | industrialize 工业化 | |
| -less. a. == without | jobless 失业的 | tireless 不倦的 | countless 数不清的 |
| -let. n. == little | booklet 小册子 | townlet 小镇 | houselet 小房子 |
| -like. a. == having the quality of | childlike 孩子般的 | warlike 好战的 | businesslike 事务式的有条理的 |
| -logy/-ology. n. == study of | sociology 社会学 | ecology 生态学 | methodology 方 |
| -ment. n. == 1)result of. 2)agency of. 3)state of | improvement 改良，进步 | government | disappointment 失望 |
| -ness. n. == condition or quality of being | eagerness 渴望 | carelessness 粗心 | emptiness 空洞，空虚 |
| -ous/-ious. a. having the quality of | famous 著名的 | advantageous 有优势的，有利的 | mysterious 神秘的 |
| -ship. n. == state of | friendship 友谊 | partnership 合作伙伴 | fellowship 交情，伙伴关系 |
| -some. a. == full of | burdensome 累赘的，沉重的 | troublesome 麻烦的 | laboursome 费力的 |
| -ty. n. == condition of being | security 保险 | safety 安全 | loyalty 忠诚 |
| -ure. n. == 1)act or fact of. 2)result of being | culture 培养 | failure 失败 | closure 圈地 |
| -y. a. == full of | clumsy 笨拙的 | tricky 狡猾的 | hairy 毛茸茸的 |
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