
*Metaphor:
dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etc
form a closely knit guild...
*Simile:
a vast somber cavern of a room
*Onomatopoeia: 拟声法,象声词
creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.
tinkling, banging, clashing
*Personification:
The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back...
dancing flashes
The beam sinks…taut and protesting
The camels are the largest and finest I have seen, and in superb condition —— muscular, massive and stately
*Hyperbole:
takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years
every conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuries
Unit 2
*Metaphor:
I had a lump in my throat
At last this intermezzo came to an end...
I was again crushed by the thought...
...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...
*Metonymy: In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.
e.g.
She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
He took to the bottle.
Metonymy can be derived from various sources:
a. Names of persons
Uncle Sam: the USA
b. Animals
the bear: the Soviet Union
the dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)
c. Parts of the body
heart: feelings and emotions
head, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reason
grey hair: old age
d. Profession:
the press: newspapers, reporters etc.
He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.
the bar: the legal profession
e. location of government, business etc.
Downing Street: the British Government
the White House: the US president and his government
the Capital Hill: US Congress
Wall Street: US financial circles
Hollywood: American filmmaking industry
课文中的例句:
...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt
I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact
*Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant
eg:
He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.
The boy is a bit slow for his age.
to go to heaven---dead
to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call。
课文中的例句:
Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.
*Irony:
Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
The way I look at them (the paper birds) and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.
*Anti-Climax:
a town known throughout the world for its---oysters
*Alliteration:
slip to a stop
tested and treated
*Rhetorical Question
Was I not at the scene of the crime?
Unit 3
Alliteration:
fast pasture for fast-food beef
Metaphor:
Local skirmishes, regional battles, strategic conflicts
Metonymy:
We have reshaped a large part of the earth’s surface with concrete in our cities.
Unit 4
*Parallelism:
chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle
*Metaphor:
She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away
stare down any disaster in her efforts...
And she (Maggie), stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.
*Simile
“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s,” Wangero said, laughing.
*Hyperbole
And she (Maggie), stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.
Unit 5
*Metaphor:
They will be rounded up in hordes.
I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...
Means of existence is wrung from the soil...
cataract of horrors
rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke
The scene will be clear for the final act.
*Alliteration:
dull, drilled, docile...
for his hearth and home
with its clanking, heel-clicking...
*Assonance: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words
e.g.
clanking, heel-clicking,…
cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...
easier and safer prey
*Repetition:
We have but one aim and one single purpose
nothing will turn us---nothing
We will never parley, we will never negotiate...
This is our policy and this is our declaration
as we shall faithfully and steadfastly
*Parallelism:
The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...
I see,...I see...
the return of the bread-winner,
of their champion,
of their protector
We shall fight him by land,
we shall fight him by sea,
we shall fight him in the air
Any man or state...
Any man or state...
Let us...
Let us...
*Noun phrases:
I had not the slightest doubt where ...
With great rapidity and violence
Unit 6
*Metaphor:
...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...
his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.
The words spat forth with sudden savagery.
Her tone ...withered...
...self-assurance...flickered...
The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.
Her voice was a whiplash.
I’ll spell it out.
*Euphemism:
...and you took a lady friend.
*Metonymy:
won 100 at the tables
lost it at the bar
they'll throw the book,...
*Onomatopoeia:
appreciative chuckle
clucked his tongue
Unit 7
*metonymy
take over from human muscles and assume burdens of drudgery from the human brain
*Synecdoche (提喻) Synecdoche has often been confused with Metonymy, and sometimes even treated synonymously. This is not surprising, as both figures of speech involve substitution. The distinction lies in the fact that while metonymy involves the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another, synecdoche involves the substitution of the Part for the WHOLE or vice versa.
...eye-ball to eye-ball consultations with...on the tube...
The computer revolution is ...liberating limbs...
*Onomatopoeia
alarm clock burrs
percolator starts burbling
*Parallelism
...everything from automobile engines to universities and hospitals, from farms to banks and corporate offices, from outer space to a baby's nursery
*Alliteration
Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.
Unit 9
*Metaphor
Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...
main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart
the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States
All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...
*Hyperbole
...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...
The cast of characters…--- a cosmos.
*Personification
life dealt him profound personal tragedies...
the river had acquainted him with ...
...to literature's enduring gratitude...
Bitterness fed on the man...
America laughed with him.
*Antithesis
...between what people claim to be and what they really are...
...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...
...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever
*Euphemism
...men's final release from earthly struggle
Who diligently avoided contact with the enemy
*Alliteration
...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home
...with a dash and daring...
...a recklessness of cost or consequences...
*Metonymy
But for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.
