
1.甘氨酸—盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L)
x ml 0.2mol/L甘氨酸+y ml 0.2mol/L HCl,再加水稀释至200ml
| pH | x/ml | y/ml | pH | x/ml | y/ml | 
| 2.2 | 50 | 44.0 | 3.0 | 50 | 11.4 | 
| 2.4 | 50 | 32.4 | 3.2 | 50 | 8.2 | 
| 2.6 | 50 | 24.2 | 3.4 | 50 | 6.4 | 
| 2.8 | 50 | 16.8 | 3.6 | 50 | 5.0 | 
2.甘氨酸—氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05mol/L)
x ml 0.2mol/L甘氨酸+y ml 0.2mol/L NaOH,加水稀释至200ml
| pH | x/ml | y/ml | pH | x/ml | y/ml | 
| 8.6 | 50 | 4.0 | 9.6 | 50 | 22.4 | 
| 8.8 | 50 | 6.0 | 9.8 | 50 | 27.2 | 
| 9.0 | 50 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 50 | 32.0 | 
| 9.2 | 50 | 12.0 | 10.4 | 50 | 38.6 | 
| 9.4 | 50 | 16.8 | 10.6 | 50 | 45.5 | 
3.邻苯二甲酸—盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L,20℃)
x ml 0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾+y ml 0.2mol/L HCl,再加水稀释到20ml
| pH | x/ml | y/ml | pH | x/ml | y/ml | 
| 2.2 | 5 | 4.670 | 3.2 | 5 | 1.470 | 
| 2.4 | 5 | 3.960 | 3.4 | 5 | 0.990 | 
| 2.6 | 5 | 3.295 | 3.6 | 5 | 0.597 | 
| 2.8 | 5 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 5 | 0.263 | 
| 3.0 | 5 | 2.032 | 
4.柠檬酸—氢氧化钠—盐酸缓冲液
| pH | Na+浓度 /mol/L | 柠檬酸/g C6H8O7·H2O | 氢氧化钠/g NaOH(97%) | 盐酸/ml HCl(浓) | 最终体积/L* | 
| 2.2 | 0.20 | 210 | 84 | 160 | 10 | 
| 3.1 | 0.20 | 210 | 83 | 116 | 10 | 
| 3.3 | 0.20 | 210 | 83 | 106 | 10 | 
| 4.3 | 0.20 | 210 | 83 | 45 | 10 | 
| 5.3 | 0.35 | 245 | 144 | 68 | 10 | 
| 5.8 | 0.45 | 285 | 186 | 105 | 10 | 
| 6.5 | 0.38 | 266 | 156 | 126 | 10 | 
5.磷酸氢二钠—柠檬酸缓冲液
| pH | 0.2ol/L Na2HPO4/ml | 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸/ml | pH | 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4/ml | 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸/ml | 
| 2.2 | 0.40 | 19.60 | 5.2 | 10.72 | 9.28 | 
| 2.4 | 1.24 | 18.76 | 5.4 | 11.15 | 8.85 | 
| 2.6 | 2.18 | 17.82 | 5.6 | 11.60 | 8.40 | 
| 2.8 | 3.17 | 16.83 | 5.8 | 12.09 | 7.91 | 
| 3.0 | 4.11 | 15. | 6.0 | 12.63 | 7.37 | 
| 3.2 | 4.94 | 15.06 | 6.2 | 13.22 | 6.78 | 
| 3.4 | 5.70 | 14.30 | 6.4 | 13.85 | 6.15 | 
| 3.6 | 6.44 | 13.56 | 6.6 | 14.55 | 5.45 | 
| 3.8 | 7.10 | 12.90 | 6.8 | 15.45 | 4.55 | 
| 4.0 | 7.71 | 12.29 | 7.0 | 16.47 | 3.53 | 
| 4.2 | 8.28 | 11.72 | 7.2 | 17.39 | 2.61 | 
| 4.4 | 8.82 | 11.18 | 7.4 | 18.17 | 1.83 | 
| 4.6 | 9.35 | 10.65 | 7.6 | 18.73 | 1.27 | 
| 4.8 | 9.86 | 10.14 | 7.8 | 19.15 | 0.85 | 
| 5.0 | 10.30 | 9.70 | 8.0 | 19.45 | 0.55 | 
Na2HPO4·2H2O Mr = 178.05,0.2mol/L溶液为35.61g/L
C6H8O7·H2O Mr = 210.14,0.1mol/L溶液为21.01g/L
6.柠檬酸—柠檬酸钠缓冲液(0.1mol/L)
| pH | 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸/ml | 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸钠/ml | pH | 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸/ml | 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸钠/ml | 
| 3.0 | 18.6 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 11.8 | 
| 3.2 | 17.2 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 12.7 | 
| 3.4 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 13.6 | 
| 3.6 | 14.9 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 14.5 | 
| 3.8 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 15.3 | 
| 4.0 | 13.1 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 16.2 | 
| 4.2 | 12.3 | 7.7 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 17.2 | 
| 4.4 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 2.0 | 18.0 | 
| 4.6 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 18.6 | 
| 4.8 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 
柠檬酸钠Na3C6H5O7·2H2O,Mr = 294.12,0.1mol/L溶液为29.41g/L
7.乙酸—乙酸钠缓冲液(0.2mol/L,18℃)
| pH | 0.2mol/L NaAc/ml | 0.2mol/L HAc/ml | pH | 0.2mol/L NaAc/ml | 0.2mol/L HAc/ml | 
| 3.6 | 0.75 | 9.25 | 4.8 | 5.90 | 4.10 | 
| 3.8 | 1.20 | 8.80 | 5.0 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 
| 4.0 | 1.80 | 8.20 | 5.2 | 7.90 | 2.10 | 
| 4.2 | 2.65 | 7.35 | 5.4 | 8.60 | 1.40 | 
| 4.4 | 3.70 | 6.30 | 5.6 | 9.10 | 0.90 | 
| 4.6 | 4.90 | 5.10 | 5.8 | 9.40 | 0.60 | 
8.邻苯二甲酸氢钾—氢氧化钠缓冲液
50ml 0.1mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾+x ml 0.1mol/L氢氧化钠,加水稀释到100ml
| pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | 
| 4.1 | 1.3 | 4.8 | 16.5 | 5.5 | 36.6 | 
| 4.2 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 19.4 | 5.6 | 38.8 | 
| 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 22.6 | 5.7 | 40.6 | 
| 4.4 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 25.5 | 5.8 | 42.3 | 
| 4.5 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 28.8 | 5.9 | 43.7 | 
| 4.6 | 11.1 | 5.3 | 31.6 | ||
| 4.7 | 13.6 | 5.4 | 34.1 | 
9.磷酸盐缓冲液
(1)磷酸氢二钠—磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(0.2mol/L)
| pH | 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4/ml | 0.2mol/L NaH2PO4/ml | pH | 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4/ml | 0.2mol/L NaH2PO4/ml | 
| 5.8 | 8.0 | 92.0 | 7.0 | 61.0 | 39.0 | 
| 5.9 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 7.1 | 67.0 | 33.0 | 
| 6.0 | 12.3 | 87.7 | 7.2 | 72.0 | 28.0 | 
| 6.1 | 15.0 | 85.0 | 7.3 | 77.0 | 23.0 | 
| 6.2 | 18.5 | 81.5 | 7.4 | 81.0 | 19.0 | 
| 6.3 | 22.5 | 77.5 | 7.5 | 84.0 | 16.0 | 
| 6.4 | 26.5 | 73.5 | 7.6 | 87.0 | 13.0 | 
| 6.5 | 31.5 | 68.5 | 7.7 | .5 | 10.5 | 
| 6.6 | 37.5 | 62.5 | 7.8 | 91.5 | 8.5 | 
| 6.7 | 43.5 | 56.5 | 7.9 | 93.0 | 7.0 | 
| 6.8 | 49.0 | 51.0 | 8.0 | 94.7 | 5.3 | 
| 6.9 | 55.0 | 45.0 | 
Na2HPO4·12H2O,Mr = 358.22,0.2mol/L溶液为71.g/L
NaH2PO4·H2O,Mr = 138.01,0.2mol/L溶液为27.6g/L
NaH2PO4·2H2O,Mr = 156.03,0.2mol/L溶液为31.21g/L
(2)磷酸氢二钠—磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(1/15mol/L)
| pH | 1/15mol/L Na2HPO4/ml | 1/15mol/L KH2PO4/ml | pH | 1/15mol/L Na2HPO4/ml | 1/15mol/L KH2PO4/ml | 
| 4.92 | 0.10 | 9.90 | 7.17 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 
| 5.29 | 0.50 | 9.50 | 7.38 | 8.00 | 2.00 | 
| 5.91 | 1.00 | 9.00 | 7.73 | 9.00 | 1.00 | 
| 6.24 | 2.00 | 8.00 | 8.04 | 9.50 | 0.50 | 
| 6.47 | 3.00 | 7.00 | 8.34 | 9.75 | 0.25 | 
| 6. | 4.00 | 6.00 | 8.67 | 9.90 | 0.10 | 
| 6.81 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 8.18 | 10.00 | 0 | 
| 6.98 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 
KH2PO4,Mr = 136.09,1/15mol/L溶液为9.078g/L
10.磷酸氢二钠—氢氧化钠缓冲液
50ml 0.05mol/L磷酸氢二钠+x ml 0.1mol/L NaOH,加水稀释至100ml
| pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | 
| 10.9 | 3.3 | 11.3 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 16.2 | 
| 11.0 | 4.1 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 11.8 | 19.4 | 
| 11.1 | 5.1 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 11.9 | 23.0 | 
| 11.2 | 6.3 | 11.6 | 13.5 | 12.0 | 26.9 | 
Na2HPO4·12H2O,Mr = 358.22,0.05mol/L溶液为17.91g/L
11.磷酸二氢钾—氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05mol/L,20℃)
x ml 0.2mol/L KH2PO4+y ml 0.2mol/L NaOH,加水稀释至20ml
| pH | x/ml | y/ml | pH | x/ml | y/ml | 
| 5.8 | 5 | 0.372 | 7.0 | 5 | 2.963 | 
| 6.0 | 5 | 0.570 | 7.2 | 5 | 3.500 | 
| 6.2 | 5 | 0.860 | 7.4 | 5 | 3.950 | 
| 6.4 | 5 | 1.260 | 7.6 | 5 | 4.280 | 
| 6.6 | 5 | 1.780 | 7.8 | 5 | 4.520 | 
| 6.8 | 5 | 2.365 | 8.0 | 5 | 4.680 | 
12.硼砂—盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L硼酸根)
50ml 0.025mol/L硼砂+x ml 0.1mol/L 盐酸,加水稀释至100ml
| pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | 
| 8.00 | 20.5 | 8.4 | 16.6 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 
| 8.10 | 19.7 | 8.5 | 15.2 | 8.9 | 7.1 | 
| 8.20 | 18.8 | 8.6 | 13.5 | 9.0 | 4.6 | 
| 8.30 | 17.7 | 8.7 | 11.6 | 9.1 | 2.0 | 
13.巴比妥钠—盐酸缓冲液(18℃)
| pH | 0.04mol/L 巴比妥钠溶液/ml | 0.2mol/L 盐酸/ml | pH | 0.04mol/L 巴比妥钠溶液/ml | 0.2mol/L 盐酸/ml | 
| 6.8 | 100 | 18.4 | 8.4 | 100 | 5.21 | 
| 7.0 | 100 | 17.8 | 8.6 | 100 | 3.82 | 
| 7.2 | 100 | 16.7 | 8.8 | 100 | 2.52 | 
| 7.4 | 100 | 15.3 | 9.0 | 100 | 1.65 | 
| 7.6 | 100 | 13.4 | 9.2 | 100 | 1.13 | 
| 7.8 | 100 | 11.47 | 9.4 | 100 | 0.70 | 
| 8.0 | 100 | 9.39 | 9.6 | 100 | 0.35 | 
| 8.2 | 100 | 7.21 | 
14.Tris—盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L,25℃)
50ml 0.1mol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)溶液与x ml 0.1mol/L 盐酸混匀后,加水稀释至100ml
| pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | 
| 7.10 | 45.7 | 8.10 | 26.2 | 
| 7.20 | 44.7 | 8.20 | 22.9 | 
| 7.30 | 43.4 | 8.30 | 19.9 | 
| 7.40 | 42.0 | 8.40 | 17.2 | 
| 7.50 | 40.3 | 8.50 | 14.7 | 
| 7.60 | 38.5 | 8.60 | 12.4 | 
| 7.70 | 36.6 | 8.70 | 10.3 | 
| 7.80 | 34.5 | 8.80 | 8.5 | 
| 7.90 | 32.0 | 8.90 | 7.0 | 
| 8.00 | 29.2 | 9.00 | 5.7 | 
Mr = 121.14,0.1mol/L溶液为12.114g/L。Tris溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳,保存时注意密封。
15.硼酸—硼砂缓冲液(0.2mol/L硼酸根)
| pH | 0.05mol/L 硼砂/ml | 0.2mol/L 硼酸/ml | pH | 0.05mol/L 硼砂/ml | 0.2mol/L 硼酸/ml | 
| 7.4 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 
| 7.6 | 1.5 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 
| 7.8 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 
| 8.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 
硼酸H3BO3,Mr = 61.84,0.2mol/L溶液为12.37g/L
16.硼砂—氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05mol/L硼酸根)
x ml 0.05mol/L硼砂+y ml 0.2mol/L NaOH,加水稀释至200ml
| pH | x/ml | y/ml | pH | x/ml | y/ml | 
| 9.3 | 50 | 6.0 | 9.8 | 50 | 34.0 | 
| 9.4 | 50 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 50 | 43.0 | 
| 9.6 | 50 | 23.0 | 10.1 | 50 | 46.0 | 
17.碳酸钠—碳酸氢钠缓冲液(0.1mol/L)
Ca2+、Mg2+存在时不得使用
| pH | 0.1mol/L碳酸钠/ml | 0.1mol/L碳酸氢钠/ml | |
| 20℃ | 37℃ | ||
| 9.16 | 8.77 | 1 | 9 | 
| 9.40 | 9.12 | 2 | 8 | 
| 9.51 | 9.40 | 3 | 7 | 
| 9.78 | 9.50 | 4 | 6 | 
| 9.90 | 9.72 | 5 | 5 | 
| 10.14 | 9.90 | 6 | 4 | 
| 10.28 | 10.08 | 7 | 3 | 
| 10.53 | 10.28 | 8 | 2 | 
| 10.83 | 10.57 | 9 | 1 | 
碳酸氢钠Mr = 84.01,0.1mol/L溶液为8.40g/L
18.碳酸氢钠—氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.025mol/L碳酸氢钠)
50ml 0.05mol/L碳酸氢钠+x ml 0.1mol/L NaOH,加水稀释至100ml
| pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | 
| 9.6 | 5.0 | 10.1 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 19.1 | 
| 9.7 | 6.2 | 10.2 | 13.8 | 10.7 | 20.2 | 
| 9.8 | 7.6 | 10.3 | 15.2 | 10.8 | 21.2 | 
| 9.9 | 9.1 | 10.4 | 16.5 | 10.9 | 22.0 | 
| 10.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 17.8 | 11.0 | 22.7 | 
19.氯化钾—氢氧化钠缓冲液
25ml 0.2mol/L KCl+x ml 0.2mol/L NaOH,加水稀释至100ml
| pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | pH | x/ml | 
| 12.0 | 6.0 | 12.4 | 16.2 | 12.8 | 41.2 | 
| 12.1 | 8.0 | 12.5 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 53.0 | 
| 12.2 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 25.6 | 13.0 | 66.0 | 
| 12.3 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 32.2 | 
二.常用市售酸碱的浓度
| 溶质 | 分子式 | Mr | mol/L | g/L | 重量百分比 | 比重 | 配制1mol/L溶液的加入量/ ml/L | 
| 冰乙酸 | CH3COOH | 60.05 | 17.4 | 1045 | 99.5 | 1.05 | 57.5 | 
| 乙酸 | 60.05 | 6.27 | 376 | 36 | 1.045 | 159.5 | |
| 甲酸 | HCOOH | 46.02 | 23.4 | 1080 | 90 | 1.20 | 42.7 | 
| 盐酸 | HCl | 36.5 | 11.6 2.9 | 424 105 | 36 10 | 1.18 1.05 | 86.2 344.8 | 
| HNO3 | 63.02 | 15.99 14.9 13.3 | 1008 938 837 | 71 67 61 | 1.42 1.40 1.37 | 62.5 67.1 75.2 | |
| 高氯酸 | HClO4 | 100.5 | 11.65 9.2 | 1172 923 | 70 60 | 1.67 1.54 | 85.8 108.7 | 
| 磷酸 | H3PO4 | 80.0 | 18.1 | 1445 | 85 | 1.70 | 55.2 | 
| 硫酸 | H2SO4 | 98.1 | 18.0 | 1766 | 96 | 1.84 | 55.6 | 
| 氢氧化铵 | NH4OH | 35.0 | 14.8 | 251 | 28 | 0.8 | 67.6 | 
| 氢氧化钾 | KOH | 56.1 | 13.5 1.94 | 757 109 | 50 10 | 1.52 1.09 | 74.1 515.5 | 
| 氢氧化钠 | NaOH | 40.0 | 19.1 2.75 | 763 111 | 50 10 | 1.53 1.11 | 52.4 363.6 | 
