
“语法选择”是广东省卷中考英语新增的题型,考查考生在具体的语言环境中的语法应用。具体形式:阅读一篇短文,完成10个空格的语法选择,每空1分,共10分;它的形式与完形填空类似,即给出一篇完整的文章,把文章的一些单词抽掉设为考点。考生不但要根据文章内容,还要根据语法规则来选出正确的答案。“语法选择”与“完形填空”的考查方向和重点不同。
“完形填空”侧重考查对文章内容的理解和所选单词的意义的区别,而“语法选择”则主要考查语法在篇章里的应用,侧重语法知识的考查,即某个单词的不同形式。
“语法选择”的主要考点分布:冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词和副词及其比较等级、代词、连词、介词、非谓语动词、同根词、定语从句、状语从句和宾语从句等。
一、复习方法
1.复习各个语法点。
2.平时多积累,多阅读对话或文章,领悟文章对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系。
3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查缺补漏。提高做题的准确性,并训练自己的逻辑思维。
二、解题方法
1快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨。
通篇浏览短文,掌握文中时间、地点、人物以及事件等关键信息。特别要注意认真阅读短文的开头句和结尾句,它们一般不设置空格,为考生提供某种语境或提供主题信息。通读全文,不要拘泥于一词一义的理解,对个别不认识的单词、短语,只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。
2识别短语、句型,注意固定搭配。
语法填空的短文中一定会出现一些常用的固定搭配或句型。如动词短语:look at,take care of,get up等;介词短语:in the morning,at the age of等;句型:it is time for sb.to do sth.(到某人做某事的时间了)等。如果平时注意短语和句型的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,在做题时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高准确率。
3运用语法规则,理顺搭配关系。
有了语法规则,文章才能有条不紊,顺理成章。如介词后面的代词一定是宾格,物质名词一般不用复数(大部分是不可数名词),修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面,情态动词后面用动词原形,非谓语动词的考查,定语从句的考查等。答题时,首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后,整个句子的语法结构(语气、语态、时态)是否合理;其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯。
4遇到难题,反复默念。
有时会遇到难选的题目,如果时间允许,不要轻易放弃,要穷追不舍,可先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思以及背景文化和习俗 等。有时句子好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,就必须想到,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词 then,,sometimes,never,often等,但要注意把这些词代进去,看哪个意思符合。如果还未选出,应反复 默念几遍,这时有些词就会悄然而至,在你的记忆中浮现出来。
5细心检查,避免疏漏。
选项填完后,再次通读短文,从整体上检查短文的结构、语义以及逻辑意义是否一致,上下文衔接是否合理。
三、真题分析
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从1~10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Dear Jackson,
I am very glad to receive your letter. I’d like to be your pen friend. Please let me ___1___ myself to you. My name is Li Dong. I am ___2___ middle school student. I was born ___3____ June 1st, in Chongqing.
Now I study in Grade 7. There ___4___ forty-five students in our class. We have five classes in the morning and three classes in the afternoon. Our classes begin at 7:00 and end at 17:00. I love my teachers and my classmates___5___they are all very friendly.
There are three people in my family, my parents and me. My father works as a teacher in a university. My mother is a teacher, 6____. She teaches Chinese in a primary school.
I am good at maths and Chinese. My English is so-so, but I really like English very much. I try my best to learn English well. In my spare time, I spend some time ___7__ some English corners. I also like to do ___8___ sports in my free time. The reason why I like sports is because sports can keep my body fit. A healthy body is really important for ___9___. My favourite sport is basketball. I hope to become a basketball player like Yao Ming when I grow up. To make my dream come true, I ___10___ hard.
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Yours
Li Dong
| ( )1. | A. introduce | B. to introduce | C. introducing | D. introduces |
| ( )2. | A. an | B.a | C.the | D./ |
| ( )3. | A. on | A. on | C. in | D. to |
| ( )4. | A.is | B.was | C.were | D.are |
| ( )5. | A. and | B.but | C.so | D.because |
| ( )6. | A. also | B.either | C.too | D.as well as |
| ( )7. | A. attend | B.attended | C.attending | D.attends |
| ( )8. | A. some | B.any | C.no | D.much |
| ( )9. | A.I | B.me | C.my | D.mine |
| ( )10. | A. am studying | B.studied | C.will study | D.studies |
1.A、 let sb.do sth. 让某人做某事,固定搭配,所以要用动词原形。
2.B、此句意为“我是一位中学生。”表示“一“,用a/an。middle是以辅音开头,故用a。
3.A、 on+具体某一天,at+几点钟,in+月份季节年份。在六月一日,用on。
4.D、 there be中的be取决于be后的主语forty-five students,主语复数,且此段用的是一般现在时,用are。
5.D、 and和、并且,but但是,so所以,because因为。此句意为“我很喜欢我的老师和同学们,因为他们很友好。”
6.C、 also也,用于句中;either也,用于否定句句末;too也,用于肯定句句末。as well as也、还,用于连接并列成分,如He has a bike as well as a car.他不仅有汽车,也有自行车。原文是肯定句句末,用too。
7.C、 spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事,故选C。
8.A、 some一些,用于肯定句或礼貌问句;any用于否定句或一般疑问句;some/any都可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。no没有。much很多,修饰不可数名词。原文表示“我也喜欢在闲暇之时做些运动。”根据句意,且要修饰sports复数,用some。
9.B、 I我,主格;me我,宾格;my我的,修饰名词;mine我的,作名词用。原文表示“健康的身体真的对我很重要。”结合句意,且介词(for)+宾格,故选B。
10.C、 be动词+动词ing,排除A;原文意为“为了实现我的梦想,我会努力学习。”不表示过去,排除B;主语I,动词不用第三人称单数形式,排除D。用将来时态符合。故选C。
四、真题模拟
一、 When Mary was a little girl, her parents were always worried about not having enough money. Their sad faces made her 1____ to help her parents, so she left school and started to work 2____ the age of fifteen. She 3____ many different jobs. Most of the jobs did not pay 4____ , but she tried her best in all of them and learned 5____ . Mary is now thirty years old, and 6____family has a better life. But Mary’s friends keep telling her that she should learn to make more money. They have taught her several ways, but she has not tried 7____of them. She is not 8____ in anything risky(冒险的). 9____ she wants most now is to go back to school. Now she is a student and she 10____ hard in the school.
| ( )1. | A. decided | B. to decide | C. deciding | D. decide |
| ( )2. | A. in | B. on | C. at | D. for |
| ( )3. | A. does | B. did | C. will do | D.doing |
| ( )4. | A. good | B. well | C. bad | D. badly |
| ( )5. | A. a few | B. little | C. a lot | D. many |
| ( )6. | A. she | B. her | C. hers | D. herself |
| ( )7. | A. any | B. some | C. no | D. none |
| ( )8. | A. interest | B. interesting | C. interested | D. interests |
| ( )9. | A. What | B. How | C. Who | D. Where |
| ( )10. | A. is study | B. studied | C. studies | D. will study |
1.D、make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。
2.C、at the age of+数字,在...岁的时候。
3.B、整段都用一般过去时态,此处也用一般过去时态,是描述过去已发生的事。
4.B、good adj. 好的;well adv. 好;bad adj.坏的;badly adv.坏。此句意为“大部分工作没什么钱(支付不太好)。”原文已有否定,缺“好”的含义,排除CD。表示“支付不太好”,要修饰动词pay,用副词well。副词修饰动词,形容词修饰名词,故选B。
5.C、a few一些(指代可数名词),little几乎没有(指代不可数),a lot很多(指代可数或不可数),many许多(指代可数)。此句意为“但是所有工作她都尽力而为,并且学到了很多。”根据句意排除AB;学到很多用a lot,指代不可数。
6.B、she她,her她的(修饰名词),hers她的(不修饰名词),herself她自己。此处表示她的家庭,用her family。
7.A、any任何一个,some一些(用于肯定句),no没有(no +名词;没有no of),none一个都没有。原句已有否定(排除none),表示她没有尝试任何一种方式,用any。
8.C、be interested in 对...感兴趣。interest n.兴趣,interesting有趣的,interested对...感兴趣的。
9. A、what什么(东西、事情),how如何,who谁,where哪里。表示她现在最想要的东西/事情,用what指代。
10. C、原文意为“现在她是一位学生,她在学校努力学习。”前半句用了一般现在时,陈述现在的情况,后半句也用一般现在时。
二、
Joan is_1_ American girl. _2_family is in New York. She is thirteen. She_3_ salad a lot.Now, Joan is__4__China. She likes Chinese food.__5__lunch she likes eating chicken and carrots. She studies in No.2 Middle School. She reads Chinese every morning.She likes__6__Chinese__7_class. She usually__8_ Chinese after class,too.She__9__TV on Sunday evenings. It’s relaxing at home. She likes helping others. She likes_ 10_tennis.
| ( )1. | A.a | B.the | C.an | D./ |
| ( )2. | A.Her | B.She | C.He | D.His |
| ( )3. | A.likes | B.like | C.liked | D.liking |
| ( )4. | A.on | B.at | C.from | D.in |
| ( )5. | A.On | B.For | C.After | D.In |
| ( )6. | A.speaking | B.speaks | C.spoke | D.speak |
| ( )7. | A.on | B.of | C.for | D.in |
| ( )8. | A.reading | B.reads | C.read | D.to read |
| ( )9. | A.watch | B.watchs | C.watching | D.watches |
| ( )10. | A.playing | B.making | C.having | D.doing |
My mother has a clothes store in the city of Hangzhou. It is 1 , but we sell all kinds of children's clothes in 2 store. The 3 of the clothes are not very high, 4 many parents like to come here and 5 new clothes for their children.
We have many sweaters at our great 6 . You can choose different 7 like black, white, red and so on. For boys, the shoes for sports are cool. 8 Saturdays and Sundays, some hats and socks are only$5. You 9 come and have a look. 10 is it? It's at No.98 Wenyi Road.
| ( )1. | A .fine | B .different | C .big | D .small |
| ( )2. | A.my | B .your | C .her | D .his |
| ( )3. | A .money | B .prices | C .pairs | D .sets |
| ( )4. | A .because | B .so | C .and | D .but |
| ( )5. | A .buy | B .take | C .sell | D .send |
| ( )6. | A .sport | B .party | C .sale | D .birthday |
| ( )7. | A .colors | B .lessons | C .photos | D .clubs |
| ( )8. | A .On | B .In | C .At | D .From |
| ( )9. | A .must | B .can | C .need | D.should |
| ( )10. | A .When | B .Why | C .What | D .Where |
A: Good morning!
B: 1 .
A: What's your 2 , please?
B: 3 name is Amy. And you?
A: I 4 Peter. Nice to meet you.
B: 5 .
A: What's 6 name?
B: She is Jenny.
A: Is 7 Bob?
B: No, he 8 . His name's Jack.
A: And what's that 9 English?
B: It's a map.
A: Thank you very much.
B: 10 .
| ( )1. | A .Thanks | B .Good evening | C .Good morning | D .I'm OK |
| ( )2. | A .number | B .name | C .color | D .school |
| ( )3. | A .I | B .I'm | C .My | D .Her |
| ( )4. | A .am | C .name | D .name's | |
| ( )5. | A .Thanks | B .You are very nice | C .Thank you | D .Nice to meet you, too |
| ( )6. | A .his | B .she | C .its | D .her |
| ( )7. | A .he | B .her | C .she | D .you |
| ( )8. | A .is | B .isn't | C .not | D .am not |
| ( )9. | A .at | B .for | C .in | D .on |
| ( )10. | A .OK | B .All right | C .You're welcome | D .Right |
Good morning, everyone! I'm Frank Smith. 1 is my first name .Smith is my 2 name. I am 3 student. My favorite 4 is blue. My telephone number is 456-3967.There are 5 numbers in it. This girl is my friend. 6 name is Gina. 7 is her favorite color. Look! Her cup and jacket are red! What's her telephone number? 8 808-5973. Ms. Miller is 9 English teacher. We all like her. That is my classroom. 10 the number, please.T-H-R-E-E. Yes, I'm in Class Three.
| ( )1. | A .Frank | B .Smith | C .Frank Smith | D .Smith Frank |
| ( )2. | A .English | B .school | C .last | D .middle |
| ( )3. | A ./ | B .a | C .an | D .the |
| ( )4. | A .map | B .cup | C .color | D .name |
| ( )5. | A .four | B .five | C .six | D .seven |
| ( )6. | A .My | B .Your | C .His | D .Her |
| ( )7. | A .Blue | B .White | C .Red | D .Yellow |
| ( )8. | A .It | B .It's | C .They | D .They're |
| ( )9. | A .her | B .your | C .our | D .his |
| ( )10. | A .Thank | B .Spell | C .Meet | D .Phone |
Look at the picture. It is a picture of my 1 . My classroom is on the third floor. It is nice and big. I like it very much. 2 the front wall of the classroom, there is a big blackboard. It is very new and good. Our teacher like 3 on it. There is a round 4 above the blackboard. It can tell us time. On the back wall of the classroom, there is a 5 , too. On that blackboard, there are pictures. We 6 them on it.There are fifty students' desks and chairs. Those desks 7 chairs are low. In front of the students' desks. There is a teacher's desk. It is 8 and big. There is a computer on it.On the two sides (边)of the classroom there are 9 big windows, two on each side. Those windows make the classroom bright. 10 about your classroom?
| ( )1. | A .school | B .classroom | C .playground | D .library |
| ( )2. | A .In | B .For | C .Over | D .On |
| ( )3. | A .writing | B .reading | C .playing | D .singing |
| ( )4. | A .map | B .pencil | C .banana | D .clock |
| ( )5. | A .blackboard | B .desk | C .book | D .picture |
| ( )6. | A .study | B .meet | C .draw | D .take |
| ( )7. | A .or | B .so | C .and | D .but |
| ( )8. | A .long | B .short | C .thin | D .fat |
| ( )9. | A .one | B .two | C .three | D .four |
| ( )10. | A .What | B .Where | C .Whom | D. Why |
Hello! My name is Anna Green. Green is my 1 name. I am an English girl. I am in PEP Middle School, Beijing, China now. Here are 2 schoolbags. I found these schoolbags in the school library this morning. They are green, black, blue and yellow. Linda is my 3 . She is my aunt's daughter. Green is her favorite 4 . I think (认为) the green one is hers. I can see some English 5 in the black one. I think it is my good friend Jack's. Jack likes English. And 6 school ID card is in it, too. I can see his photo in the school ID card. What about the blue one? Oh, it's Gina's. Her 7 is in it. I see Gina and her parents in the photo. And the ruler in the schoolbag is 8 , too. A computer game, two baseballs and a watch are in the yellow one. The computer game is white, the 9 are green and the watch is purple. Is the schoolbag yours? Please 10 me at 258-3698. You can e mail me at ****************, too.
| ( )1. | A .good | B .first | C .nice | D .last |
| ( )2. | A .two | B .three | C .four | D .five |
| ( )3. | A .cousin | B .aunt | C .mother | D .grandma |
| ( )4. | A .name | B .quilt | C .color | D .school |
| ( )5. | A .teachers | B .telephones | C .erasers | D .books |
| ( )6. | A .his | B .your | C .her | D .my |
| ( )7. | A .map | B .cup | C .jacket | D .photo |
| ( )8. | A .yours | B .hers | C .his | D .mine |
| ( )9. | A .baseballs | B .boxes | C .dictionaries | D .classrooms |
| ( )10. | A .help | B .excuse | C .call | D .ask |
