
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 , to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.
The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.
But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other, more ft-promoting carbohydrates.
“The study found that pasta didn’t 31 to weight gain or increase in body fat,” said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. “In 32 the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.” In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss 34 to concerns. perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet
Those involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.
A) adverse B) championed C clinical D) contrary
E) contribute F) intimate G) lumped H) magnified
I) minimum J) radiating K) ration L) shooting
M) subscribe N) systematic O) weighing
Section B
The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks
A) Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.
B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent "surge" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.
C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.
D) So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?
E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting reinvented, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently, “We’re frankly scratching our heads.”
F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot. com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-and quickly. The
dot.corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, onventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.
G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.
H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple’s massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.
I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it’s also not happening on what used to be called "Internet Time." Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick, and some haven’t really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.
J) But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.
K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.
L) So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals.Many are having the same problem that newspapers have. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.
M) A few seem to be making this work.Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy’s, Target, and Nordstrom’s dropped. Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), “Growth here is too slow.”Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one.click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions.A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay.Almost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.
N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable.Our deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems.It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales.It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with“non-store retailers"1ike food trucks.can mask major changes in individual retail categories.The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways.but they have chosen not to.
O) Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soon.The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category.Investors shouldn’t write off brick and mortar.Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter
36.Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.
37.Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.
38.Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping.
39.Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn’t take place as quickly as widely anticipated.
40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business.
41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.
42.Brick and mortar retailers’ faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst.
43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.
44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages.
45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.
Section C
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “ crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studyin history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it;s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI.
Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one-industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.”
Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?
A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?
A) They are much influenced by the academic community.
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,”says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,”he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,”all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
“I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on,”she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
51. What does the passage say about the startups?
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market.
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.
52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
53. What do we know about SentabTV?
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.
54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?
A) Winning trust from prospective customers.
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.
B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.
答案
选词填空
26. K) ration【语法分析】keep something to a ration把某物保持在某个比率。
【语义分析】营养学家建议pasta的摄入量保持在一定比率来减少热量,防止脂肪堆积,阻止血糖升高。所以这里选K) ration。
27. L) shooting【语法分析】stop sb/sth (from) doing sth/n. 阻止,防止某人/某物做某事,所以这里应该选择一个动词的doing形式,或名词,而句尾出现了up这个词,所以需要填的词不能是名词,只能为动词。我们注意到选项里有L) shooting和O) weighing满足该条件。weigh up表示对……做出评价,不符合题意,排除。shoot up表示飞速上升,这里满足句意,所以入选。
【语义分析】prevent fat build-up和stop blood sugar xx up是并列的关系,翻译为防止脂肪形成,阻止血糖升高,所以这里应该选shoot up,表示快速上升,即L) shooting。
28. B) championed【语法分析】这个空前面出现了一个has been,通过句意分析得知,这里应该用动词的过去分词,表示被动,我们看到选项中B) championed,G) lumped,和H) magnified满足这个条件。lump作动词表示把……归并一起(或合起来考虑)
【语义分析】这段的第一句话说营养学家建议人们swap pasta for vegetables,也就是用蔬菜代替pasta,第二句说swapping spaghetti for vegetables 也是至用蔬菜代替spaghetti,两句在句意上是类似的。所以这里应该表示clean-eating experts支持这种做法。Champion做名词是冠军的意思,champion作动词可以理解为让xx成为冠军,也就是支持xx,所以这里选B) championed。
29. N) systematic【语法分析】空格前为冠词a,空格后为名词review,所以这里应该填写形容词。【语义分析】a systematic review:一个系统化的回顾。故选N) systematic。
30. G) lumped【语法分析】空格前面是had been,所以这里要填一个过去分词。
【语义分析】be lumped in:被集中一起,混在一起。it had been lumped in with other…carbohydrates:它和其他碳水化合物混在一起。故选G) lumped。
31. E) contribute【语法分析】contribute to sth,导致;有助于,及物动词词组,后面一般跟名词,也可以跟动名词doing。
【语义分析】研究发现,意大利面并不会导致体重增加或者体脂增加。故选E) contribute。
32. O) weighing【语法分析】句首的In为介词,后面要用名词或者动名词。【语义分析】weigh the evidence:权衡证据。in weighing the evidence:在权衡证据时。故选O) weighing。
33. A) adverse【语法分析】空格前面为冠词an,后面为effect名词,所以需要填形容词。
【语义分析】adverse:不利的,有害的。pasta does not have an adverse effect on body:意大利面不会对体重产生有害影响,承接前文的“意大利面不会导致体重增加”。故选A) adverse。
34. D) contrary【语法分析】空格后为to介词,前面需要填一个形容词与to构成词组。【语义分析】contrary to concerns, perhaps can be part of a healthy diet: 与担忧相反,意大利面也许是健康饮食的一部分。故选D) contrary。
35. C) clinical【语法分析】空格后为trails名词,需要用形容词来修饰。【语义分析】clinical trails:临床试验。为固定搭配词组。故选C) clinical。
匹配题36M 37G 38D 39I 40C 41H 42F 43O 44A 45K
46、B解题思路:定位第一段第一句话前半部分“either the best,or the worst thing...”,这就是他的想法,选项B中blessing or a disaster 正是对这句话的同义转述,所以是正确选项。其他关于AI的选项都是对一部分看法,而不是整体看法,所以排除。
47、C解题思路:定位第一段第一句话后半部分,也就and后面的句子,就是对于这个LCFI建立所做的评论“crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.”。选项C中的extremely important正是对crucial的同义重述;destiny of mankind 对应原文civilization and our species。所以选项C是正确答案。
48、A解题思路:定位文章第二段最后一句,找到welcome change 这两个词,可以发现整句话的说的是不再研究历史,而是开始研究智能的未来,对应C选项中,的past是原文history的同义转述,所以正确答案是A。
49、D解题思路:定位第三段第一句话,同时找到concerns这个词,后面就是对这个词的解释“humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own,”“如果人类创造出有自我意志的超级智能,那人类可能成为毁灭自己的那个建筑师”,选项D中的ruin对应文中的destruction,mankind是humanity的同义词,所以正确选项为D。选项A和B都是讲的人工智能可能产生的优点所以错误,C选项说的人工智能自我毁灭,文中并未提到所以排除
50、C解题思路:定位最后一段,找到关键词technology industry,代表性的企业家,也就是马斯克也表达了对super-intelligence 的concerns,句子中的not alone in warning,also等词都表明技术行业也对超级人工智能表示了一些担忧。所以正确选项是C。ABD选项中内容都是无中生有,通篇文章都没有提到,所以逐个排除。
【译文】斯蒂芬霍金教授警告说,强大的人工智能的创造将是“人类永远发生的最好或最坏的事情”,并称赞创建了一个致力于研究未来情报的学术机构。 “对我们的文明和物种的未来至关重要”。
霍金在剑桥大学Leverhulme智能未来中心(LCFI)的开幕式上发表讲话,剑桥大学是一个多学科研究所,将试图解决人工智能研究快速发展所引发的一些开放性问题。 “我们花了很多时间研究历史,”霍金说,“让我们面对现实,主要是愚蠢的历史。因此,人们正在研究一个受欢迎的变化,而不是智力的未来。“
虽然这位世界知名的物理学家经常对人工智能持谨慎态度,但人们担心人类可能会成为自身毁灭的设计者,如果它创造了一种具有自身意志的超级情报,他也很快就会强调人工智能研究的积极性。可以带。 “创造情报的潜在好处是巨大的,”他说。 “当我们自己的思想被AI放大时,我们无法预测我们可能会取得什么。
也许借助这一新技术的工具,我们将能够消除上一次工业化对自然界造成的一些破坏。当然,我们的目标是最终消除疾病和贫困。我们生活的方方面面都会发生变化。简而言之,创造人工智能的成功可能是我们文明史上最大的事件。“
Huw Price是该中心的学术主任,也是剑桥大学Bertrand Russell哲学教授,霍金也是一名学者,他表示该中心部分归功于该大学的存在风险中心。该研究所研究了更广泛的人类潜在问题,而LCFI则关注的范围很小。
AI先驱,苏塞克斯大学认知科学教授玛格丽特博登称赞了这些讨论的进展。她说,就在2009年,即使在人工智能研究人员中,这个话题也没有得到认真对待。 “人工智能是非常令人兴奋的,”她说,“但它有局限性,如果不加批判地使用它会带来严重的危险。”
学术界并不是唯一一个警告AI潜在危险以及潜在好处的人。来自科技行业的一些先驱者,最着名的企业家埃隆马斯克,也表达了他们对超智能人工智能对人类可能造成的损害的担忧。
51.【B】该题属于细节题,对于文中提及的startup(初创公司)的细节内容的考察,根据关键词回文定位到第一段的首句“The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公可) want in on the action”,由此可见,startups的想要做的事是想要让一些上了年纪的客户使用他们的产品;
52.【C】该题属于细节题,对于该题目是对 Brookdale公司邀请一些企业家的意图,根据题干关键词“ Brookdale”及“Some entrepreneurs”回文定位到第一段第三句话“So Brookdale, the countrys largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs Just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say”,所以,Brookdale的意图是想要邀请这些企业家来收集顾客对其产品的反馈;
53.【D】该题为细节题,考察文中sentabTV的细节考察,根据文中第二段第二句“The startups product, Senta TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control”可知,sentabTV是一家为老年人提供可以替代电脑进行电子通讯的公司;
54.【A】该题目是对细节内容的考察。根据题干中的关键信息,回文定位到第五段可知“when they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure 'm not selling them something- there will be more honest feedback from them”,因此,对于推销产品的关键点就是赢得客户的信任。
55.【B】此题为推理题,对布鲁克代尔社区的老人(the seniors in the Brookdale community)细节内容的推理;回文定位到第九段及第十段,根据“People are more tech-proficient than we thought”及“He might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California's aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles”,可知这些老人对于高科技产品很在行。
【译文】专门为老年人设计的产品市场到明年可能会达到300亿美元,初创公司也希望采取行动。他们有时缺乏的是他们希望使用他们产品的人的反馈。因此,该国最大的退休社区所有者布鲁克戴尔一直邀请一些精选的企业家入住几天,展示他们的产品并听取居民的意见。
这就是28岁的Dayle Rodriguez从英格兰到加利福尼亚州托兰斯的Brookdale South Bay餐厅的原因。 Rodriguez是一家名为Sentab的公司的社区和营销经理。该创业公司的产品SentabTV使可能不熟悉计算机的老年人只使用他们的电视和遥控器来访问电子邮件,视频聊天和社交媒体。
罗德里格兹说:这并不是什么新鲜事,它没有太复杂,而且很自然,因为很多人都有电视遥控器。”
但这一切都不是布鲁克戴尔餐厅的话题。相反,罗德里格斯征求居民关于他应该吃什么奶酪汉堡以及他应该如何度过下午的建议。扑克牌被提上议事日程,并学习打麻将。
罗德里格兹说,这里的居民不要觉得他在卖东西。 “我在被动方法中获得了更多反馈,”他说。 “打台球,打牌,吃饭,吃午饭,”所有工作都要好于“通过问卷调查”。当他们认识我并相信我时,我知道他不会向他们出售某些东西 - 他们会得到更多诚实的反馈。“
Rodriguez是第七位进入Brookdale 1,100名高级生活社区的企业家。该计划的其他新产品包括一种全身吹风机和特别设计的服装,允许残疾人穿着和脱衣服自己。
93岁的Mary Lou Busch同意尝试使用Sentab系统。她告诉罗德里格兹这可能对某人有好处,但不适合她。
“我有电脑和FaceTime,我与家人谈话,”她解释道。她还有iPad和智能手机。 “所以我做了我需要做的一切。”
公平地说,如果罗德里格斯希望得到一些技术性较强的老年人的反馈,他可能最终会遇到错误的布鲁克戴尔社区。这个位于南加州航空航天走廊的中心。许多居民拥有工程,商业和学术界的背景。
但罗德里格斯表示,通过进入这个布鲁克戴尔社区,他仍然在学习一些重要内容:“人们比我们想象的更熟练。”
此外,他还会在哪里学习打麻将?
作文to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.
1、The great difference in learning outcomes, especially among those who are almost equally hardworking, has triggered a controversial issue as to the importance of motivation and methods for learning. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that motivation and methods are the main factors accounting for the learning effect, but others consider them less important than hardworking.
I personally agree with the former for the reasons presented below. Before learning, it is motivation that gets a person started. Without motivation -- that is, without interest or an exam that drives you to learn -- you won't even start the learning process, and naturally there won't be any outcome. During learning, it is again the motivation that encourages the learner not to give up half way. And this is when great methods come along. With proper methods, learning becomes easier and hence less frustrating because a learner can usually achieve more with less learning materials or practice. Consequently, it boosts motivation as well. However, hardworking with improper methods results in failure to produce positive outcome, and aggravates the feeling of frustration.
From my perspective, it is crucial that we understand and accept the fact that motivation and methods are more critical to learning than hardworking. Only in this way can we make full use of our efforts and have better learning outcomes.
2、As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.
It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.
From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.
俗话说,知识能改变命运。因此,为了获得知识,我们必须努力学习。然而,不可忽略的是,有效的学习既离不开学习动力的存在,也离不开科学的学习方法。
不难列举上述观点的原因。首先,学习是一件严肃且困难的事。因此,不是每个人都能在没有某种内在动机的情况下一直继续。此外,科学的方法在提高学习效率方面发挥着重要的作用。我们当中有不少人都认为,学习的时间越长,成绩就会越好。但是我们周边同学的很多经历证明这个观点并不完全正确。具体来说,长时间的学习是累人的,因此它很可能会降低学习效率,而学习效率对于学业成绩来说却是至关重要的。
综上所述,我们可以很容易就得出如下结论:学习动机和方法的重要性是不言而喻的,因此我们非常有必要形成良好的学习方法。
