英语写作句型
Sentence Patterns in English Writing
By Zhang Jing
Part 1
(一)句型训练
[句型] l …to find sb.doing sth.
例:我发现他站在河边。
I found him standing by the river.
(1)我发现你的小弟弟是个聪明的孩子。 宾语+名词
(2)我们发现这个问题很难回答。 宾语+形容词
我发现学习一门外语很有意思。 形容词+不定式
(4)他发现这地方有—了巨大的变化。 宾语十过去分词
他看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好,感到很高兴。
宾语+现在分词
(6)她告诉我她觉得这个报告是真的。 宾语十不定式:
(7)发现她不在家,他感到很失望。 宾语+副词
(8)那孩子发现自己在黑森森的树林里,大吃一惊。
find+宾语+介词短语
(1)I find your little brother a clever boy.
(2)We found the question difficult to answer.
或We found it(was)difficult to answer the question.
(3)I find it rather interesting to learn a foreign language.
(4)He found the place much changed.
(5)He was pleased to find the people living better than ever before.
(6)She told me she found the report to be true.
(7)He felt disappointed when he found her out.
(8)The boy was surprised to find himself in the dark forest.
.find作“发现(发觉)……”解时,可以用下面几种结构:(1)find+宾语十名词;(2)find+宾语+形容词(参见第三章第二节[句型7]);(3)find+it(形式宾语)+形容词+动词不定式(真正宾语);(4)find+宾语十分词(现在分词或过去分(5)find+宾语+不定式;(6)find+宾语+副词;(7)find+宾语+介词短语。
2.关于find/think/consider…+it+形容词+动词不定式的句型.
[句型2] …to wonder +wh-clause(与who,what,when,where,why,whether,how或if连用)
例:他想知道那儿出了什么事。
He wondered what had happened there.
(1)我想知道他是谁。
(2)不知道这叫做什么(他发生了什么事)。
(3)我想知道火车什么时候开。
(4)我想知道邮局在哪儿。
(5)我不知你怎样解出这个题的(摆脱了困境的)。
(6)地不知道为什么他们没有给她回信(答复)。
(7)他不知道他的儿子能否考试及格。
(1)1 wonder who he is.
(2)1 wonder what this is called(what was the matter/ wrong with him).
(3)1 wonder when the train will leave.
(4)1 wonder where the post office is.
(5)1 wonder how you managed to work out the problem(how you managed to get out of the trouble)
(6)She wondered why they hadn't given her an answer·.
(7)He wondered whether/
该句型的动词除了wonder之外,还有know, find out, tell, say, show, explain, ask, discuss, decide, imagine, understand, see等等
[句型3] …to be afraid of doing sth./being done.
例:他怕上学迟到。
He was afraid of being late for schoo1.
(1)他怕犯错误。
(2)他怕醒晚了,所以总是在床头边的桌子上放一个闹钟。
(3)那天晚上他回家很迟,他怕挨父亲的骂。
(4)小偷被捉住后,心里害怕受到惩罚。
(1)He was afraid of making mistakes.
(2) He is afraid of waking up late so he always has an alarm clock on his bedside table.
(3)He came home 1ate that night He was afraid of being scolded by his father
(4)Seized by the policeman,the thief was afraid of being punished(punishment).
1.be afraid of后接动名词有主动(doing)和被动(being done)两种形式
.关于afraid的其它句型见本章第四节[句型5]。
[句型4] …to reward/scold/thank sb.for sth./doing sth.
例:我感谢他的帮助。
他们表彰了那位年轻人,因为他救了溺水的孩子。
对于他们的帮助我会酬谢的。
老师因他粗心责备了他(他因为粗心受到了责备)。
我感谢他给我送了礼物。
(5)不要谢,我只是尽了自己的义务。
(1) They rewarded the young man for saving a drowning child.
或The young man was rewarded for saving a drowning child.
(2)I would reward them for their help.
(3)The teacher scolded him for is carelessness/being careless.
或He as scolded for his carelessness/being careless.
(4)I thanked him for the gift.
(5)Don’t thank me for doing my duty.
.该句型中的“for'意为“因为某种理由”。reward sb.for sth./doing sth.“因……报答(奖励)某人”。scold sb.for sth./doing sth."因……责备某人”。thank sb.for sth./doing sth"因……而感谢某人”。
2.关于thank sb.for sth./doing sth.
[句型5] On/After/Before doing sth, 主语+谓语……
例:听了这些话,他感到很气愤。
,he felt very angry.
飞行了三天我们到达纽约。
吃完晚饭之后,他出去散步。
他去北京前拜访了李同志。
(4)他毕业后便开始在工厂里工作。
(1)After flying for three days,we arrived in New York.
或After we had flown for three days,we arrived in New York.
(2)After finishing his supper,he went out for a walk.
或After he had finished his supper,he went out for a walk.
(3)He called on Comrade Li before leaving for Beijing.
(4)On leaving school,he began to work in a factory.
或When/As soon as he left school,he began to work in a factory.
1.after,before, on都可作介词,后接动名词(doing)表示时间状语,这种用介词结构充当的时间状语可以转换为相应的主从复合句。例如:(1)
After finishing the job,he went home.(完成了工作后,他回家了。)
或After he finished(had finished)the job,he went home.
(2)He took the medicine before going to bed.(睡觉前他吃了药。)
或He took the medicine before he went to bed.
或After he took(had taken) the medicine, he went to bed.
(3)On hearing the bell rang,they rushed into the classroom.(一听见铃响,他们就冲进教室。)或As soon as the bell rang,they rushed into the classroom.
2.On doing…意指“一……就……”,On doing表示前一动作一发生,后—动作立即接着发生;after doing没有On doing那样表示时间的紧接性。
[句型6] Let sb.be/Leave sb.alone.
例:别理他。(随他去吧。)
Let him be.(1eave him alone.
(1)让我清静一会儿。(别打扰我。)
(2)别管他,他不会惹事的。
(1)Let me be./Leave me alone.
(2)Let him be,he’s doing no harm. ·
Let sb.be:=Leave sb. alone意指“听任,不打扰”,例:Let my cat be.(别动我的猫。)
When I’m thinking,you’d better 1et me be.(当我思考时,你们最好别打扰我。)
[句型7] …to be worthy of sth./being done/to be done.
例:那富人的话不值得听。
The rich man’s words were worthy of nothing.
(1)他的建议应受到支持。
(2)他说的话值得考虑。
(3)他不配作为合适的人选。
(4)那不值得讨论。
(1)His suggestion is worthy of support.
(2)What he said was worthy of being thought about.
或What he said was worthy of consideration.
或What he said was worthy to be thought about/to be considered.
(3)He is not worthy of choice.
或He is not worthy of being chosen.
或He is not worthy to be chosen.
(4)That’s not worthy of discussion.
或That’s not worthy of being discussed.
或That’s not worthy to be discussed.
和worthy of 都是形容词,be worth和be worthy of都作“值得”解,但要注意二者异同之点:
.worth和worthy of都可接名词,但所接的名词要求不同,worth后只接表示钱数或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词,而worthy of 后不用表示钱数的名词。例:
The watch is worth 100 yuan.(这块表价值100元。)What is it worth?(它值多少钱?)
The research work is worth the time and effort.(这项研究工作值得花费时间和精力。)
The exhibition is worthy of a visit.(这展览会值得参观。)
Her braver is well worthy of praise.(她的勇敢值得赞扬。)(注意:worth和worthy of 前用well而不用very)
2.worth和worthy of都可接动名词,但worth后接主动形式的动名词,而worthy of接被动式的动名词。例:This novel is worth reading·(这本小说值得一读。)
或This novel is worthy of being read. ·
3.worth除在 It is worth while…句型中可接动词不定式外,其它句型不可直接接动词不定式,而worthy在去掉of之后,可接被动态的动词不定式。例:
The film is worthy to be seen.这样“这本小说值得一读”可有3种说法:
(1)This novel is worth reading.
(2)This novel is worthy of being read.
(3)This novel is worthy to be read.
.worth只能作表语,而worthy不仅可作表语也可作定语。例如:
She is a worthy daughter of the Party.(她是党的好女儿。)
This is a worthy reward.(这是一个还不错的报酬。)
.在It is worth while…句型中,后面可接动名词或动词不定式,但在It is worth while…句型中有物主代词one's即It is worth one's while,或有表示具体的时间时,应接动词不定式。
例:It is worth while visiting(to visit) the museum.
(“参观这个展览馆是值得的。”或“值得花功夫或时间去参观。”)
It is worth our while to visit the museum.(我们现在去参观这个展览馆是值得的。)
It is worth while(our while)to visit the place now.((我们)现在去参观这个地方是值得的。)·
词组造句:
On one's way (to); a crowd of; (just) a moment ago;to fall into;to pass by;to jump into;without delay;at last
1. (1)He was very late that morning on his way to school and was afraid of being scolded.
(2)He is now on the / his way to Guiyang.
2. There is / are a crowd of people in the square.
3. (1)They were here a moment ago.
(2)He left his home just a moment ago.
4. He was surprised to see a child fall into the river.
5. Little Wang waved to me as I passed by her house.
6. On seeing a child fall into the river, he jumped into the river to save him.
7. The sick man was sent to the hospital without (any) delay.
8. At last she heard from him, but she spent many a sleepless night before she did.
Part 2
(一)句型训练
[句型1] To one’s surprise/astonishment/(great)joy/satisfaction/disappointment/horror
例:使他吃惊的是,他发现钱包丢了。
To his surprise,he found his purse lost.
(1)使我吃惊的是,他这次考试竟然不及格。
(2)使我们高兴的是,他在班上名列第一。
(3)我们按时完成了作业,老师感到很满意。
(4)我发现他是一个生手,很失望。
(5)我惊恐地看见这孩子落人河中。
(1)To my surprise(astonishment),he failed in the exam/he didn’t pass the exam / he was not able to pass the exam / he didn't succeed in passing the exam.
(2)To my great joy,he stood first in his class.
(3)To the teacher's satisfaction (To the satisfaction of the teacher),we finished our homework on time.
(4)To my(great)disappointment,I found that he was a new hand.
(5)I found to my horror that the child fell into the river.
1.To one's surprise是一个介词短语,意思是“使某人惊奇的是"一般在句中作状语,类似的固定介词短语还有:to one’s astonishment/to one’s(great)joy/to one's satisfaction/ to one’s delight/to one's disappointment/to one’s horror等。
2.这类介词短语可位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首和句末时,用逗号把这类短语与句子的其它部分分开;位于句中时,通常不用逗号。
[句型2] Sb.+had thought/had hoped/had planned/had expected/had supposed/had wanted/had meant…
例:他原想去请医生来的。
He had thought to send for a doctor.
(1)她原来想给他复信的。
(2)我本来希望赶早班车,却发现车已开了。
(3)他们本指望看这场电影,但买不到票。
(4)他们原来想来看我们,可是恶劣的天气使他们改变了计划。
(5)我一点都没有预料到我会得一等奖。
(6)我们原想给她买件生日礼物的。
(7)谁会想到这是你干的?
(8)我们本来是想早来的。
(1)She had thought of replying to his 1etter.
(2) I had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it had left.
(3)They had expected to see the film but couldn't get the ticket
(4) They had planned to pay us a visit, but the bad weather made them change their plan.
(5)I hadn't(for a minute)expected that I should get the first prize.
(6)We had wanted to buy her a birthday present(gift).
(7)Who could have supposed it was you who did it?(=Nobody had supposed it was you who did it.)
(8)We had meant to come earlier.
had+过去分词(done)可以用于think, suppose,hope, expect,want,mean等动词表示“过去未曾实现的没想,意图,打算和希望”等,同时兼有一种对过去希望的幻灭的惋惜之情。
[句型3] …to be+形容词/过去分词+to do
例:他欣喜地找到了丢失的自行车。
He was delighted to find the lost bicycle.
(1)我很高兴又见到您。
(2)我真幸运赶上了最后一班公共汽车。
(3)听了这事我很难过。
(4)我们可以在明天完成这项工作。
(5)小心别着凉了。
(6)我愿意借给你一些钱。
(7)这部电视剧值得一看。
(8)他们急于参加这个工作。
(9)他太骄傲,不屑参加我们的聚会。
(10)我听到他说的话很生气。
(11)他理解得很快(很慢)。
(12)千万不要忘记。
(13)你这样做是好心的(聪明的;愚蠢的;正确的;错误的;粗暴的)。
(14)我们太乐意这样做了。
(15)他们看来过分紧张不安,并且过分急于离开。
(16)他乐意尽力做好这项工作。 (…only too…to do…)
(17)得知儿子能够谋生的消息,父亲感到万分的高兴。 (all/but too….to do)
(18)他听到这个消息吓了一跳。
(19)收到你的来信,我感到十分高兴。
(20)得知结果后,我感到很失望。
(21)我们看见他在那里感到惊讶。
(22)这个问题相当难回答(容易回答)。
(23)这水不宜饮用。
(24)这食物很好吃。
(25)这张画很好看。
(26)这女孩很容易相处。
(1) I'm glad / happy / pleased to see you once more.
(2) I was lucky enough to catch the last bus.
(3) I am sorry to hear it.
(4) We shall be able to finish the work tomorrow.
(5) Be careful not to catch cold.
(6) I'm willing to lend you some money.
(7) This TV play is worthy to be watched.
Or : This TV play is worthy of being watched.
Or: This TV play is worth watching.
(8) They are eager (anxious) to take part in the work.
(9) He was too proud to join our party.
(10) I was angry at his words. Or: I was angry to hear what he said.
(l1 ) He is quick (slow) to understand (at understanding).
(12) Be sure not to forget it.
(13) You are kind (clever; foolish; unwise; right; wrong; rude) to do so.
Or: It's very kind (clever; foolish; unwise; right; wrong; rude) of you to do so.
(14) We are too ready (willing) to do so.
(15) They seemed to be too nervous and too anxious to leave.
(16) He would be only too pleased to do his best to do the work well.
(17) Father felt all (but) too satisfied to learn his son could earn his living.
(18) He was frightened to hear the news(at the news).
(19) I was delighted (glad; happy; pleased) to receive your letter.
(20) I was disappointed to learn the result (at the result).
(21) We were surprised to see him there.
(22) The question is rather difficult (very easy) to answer.
Or: It is rather difficult (very easy) to answer the question.
(23) The water is not fit to drink.
(24) The food is very nice to eat.
(25) The picture is pleasant to look at.
(26)The girl is easy to get along with,
.能用于这种句型中的形容词和过去分词常见的有glad,happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,able,careful,willing,unwilling,ready,worthy,eager,anxious,proud,angry,quick,slow,sure,kind,clever,foolish,wise,unwise,right,wrong,rude,frightened,disappointed,surprised,satisfied,fit,nice,difficult,easy,pleasant等等。
.在上述形容词中,其中一类是描写人物特征和品德的形容词,如kind,clever,foolish等,这种句型可转换为It's+形容词+of sb.to do sth.句型。如句(13)。
.在上述形容词中,还有一类形容词,如:nice,easy,difficult,hard,pleasant等,在使用这类形容词时,作句子主语的除了表示人的词之外,还可以是表示事物的词,如句(22),(23),(24),(25),又如:The man is hard to get along with.
或It is hard to get along with the man.(这个人很难相处。)The question is hard to answer.或 It is hard to answer the question.(这个问题很难回答。)
4.此外,在上述形容词中还有一类形容词用于too…to…或only(all,but) too…to…结构中,其后的动词不定式无否定意义,而表示强烈的肯定。例如句(14),(15),(16),(17)。(参见第五章第二节[句型1])
[句型4] What(Whatever)从句+be+表语
例:使我吃惊的是他英语讲得如此好。
What surprised me was that he could speak English so well.
(1)然而,最使我吃惊的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室尽头的长凳上。
(2)他给我们留下的深刻印象是诚实。
(3)我们现在需要做的事是收集更多新信息。
(4)这里说的话都应当保密。
(1)But what surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.
或 To my surprise, l saw some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.
(2)What struck us about him was his honesty.
(3)What we should do now is to collect more new information.
(4)Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
.What surprised me most 是主语从句。主语从句除用that, whether等连接词外,还可用what(whatever),who(whoever)等连接代词和when,where等连接副词引导。例如:Who did the work is unknown.(谁做了这工作,现在还不知道。)
Whom we should serve is an important question.(我们应该为谁服务是个重要问题。 )
When the exhibition will be open is written 1n the announcement.
(展览会什么时候开幕在通知里写着。)
.What surprised sb.也可用to one’s surprise…·句型代换,大意不变。
[句型5] sb.+be+形容词+that从句
例:他确信这是真的。
He was sure that it was true.
(l)我确信他会成功。
(2)我担心我犯了一个严重的错误。
(3)抱歉我做得没有应做的那么多。
(4)他以聪明而自豪。
(5)我很高兴(满意;惊奇)你在如此短时间内完成了这项工作。
(6)儿子考试又未及格,父母很失望。
(1)I’m sure that he will succeed.或I’m sure of his success.
(2)I’m afraid l have made a serious mistake.
(3)I am sorry l haven’t done as much as l should.
或I’m sorry not to have done as much as I should.
(4)He is proud that he is clever.
或He is proud of his cleverness.
或He is proud to be clever.
(5)I’m g1ad(pleased;satisfied;surprised)that you have finished the
work within such a short time.
(6)The parents were disappointed that their son failed in the exam again.
能用于此句型的形容词常有glad,sorry,afraid,sure,proud,pleased,surprised,disappointed等。
词组造句:
at once;without permission
1. On hearing the news(As soon as he heard the news),he left at once
(immediately, right away, without delay, in no time).
2. No entering the hall without special permission.